1 . I met the Man of the Trees in summer ten years ago, when I was visiting Uncle Jita.

Those were difficult times. People were cutting down our forest, and there was often flooding. Sometimes our water supply was dirty. When our pump(水泵)did have clean water, we had to wait in line for ages. When the pump wasn’t working, we had to walk five kilometres to the closest stream.

But I was happy. I was going to see my favorite uncle. When the day finally arrived, Dad drove me to Uncle Jita’s house and left. Once he saw me, Uncle Jita announced, “Tomorrow we’re going to explore a magical place. Here is my camera, Amy. You can take photos of what you see.”

The following day, we woke up and left early on a boat. The trip was exciting. But when we got off, there was ... nothing in front of us. “I don’t want to take pictures of this,” I complained.

Uncle laughed,“Start walking, Amy. I promise you’ll be surprised.” After some time, I could see the outline of a forest in the distance. A little closer, there was a man waving to us.

“That’s Kabir. The forest you see is his. He planted every single tree.” As we walked towards Kabir, Uncle explained that thirty years ago, the whole area was a wasteland. But one day Kabir decided to change all that and started planting trees. Thanks to him, part of the wasteland is now a paradise(天堂).

Uncle introduced me to Kabir, who had gray hair and a determined face. “Jita told me you like animals. Are you ready to see some?” he asked. “Of course!” I replied. We continued walking and soon were under the trees. I turned my head and was amazed at the difference between the two places. All because of the efforts of one man.

Like Uncle said, Kabir’s forest was magical. We saw deer, rhinos, and even tigers. During lunchtime, Kabir explained how, by planting trees, it was possible to stop the land from eroding(侵蚀).

注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Hearing this, I turned to my uncle, ^“I think we can plant trees too ”

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In the years that followed, people in our village worked hard to carry out our plan.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . The process by which rich land becomes desert is called desertification(沙漠化).     1    The U. N. says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.

Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8000-kilometer-long forest across 11 of the continent’s countries. The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change.     2    They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment. Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago.     3    

Launched in 2007, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east.     4     It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.

    5    They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent. For example, efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have resulted in nearly 140, 000 hectares of newly planted forest.

The U. N. desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8. 2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030.

A．It has severe impacts on the environment.

B．That is only 4 percent of the program’s goal.

C．However, it is difficult to carry out the project.

D．But the project has been facing many problems.

E．The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.

F．Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful.

G．Some countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.

5 . Litterati is a company that’s trying to make the world a cleaner place.    1    Shared online, this information contributes to building a global database of “litter maps,” which can influence policy and packaging design.

Jeff Kirschner is the founder and CEO of Litterati. He came up with the idea while walking in a forest with his then-four-year-old daughter.     2     Despite being young, she expressed distress (悲痛) at the container being somewhere that it wasn’t supposed to be. This awareness stays with us as adults. The litter problem is so huge: what’s an individual person supposed to do?

    3     Uploading pictures to an app shows users that they’re not the only ones picking up litter from public places and that others are cleaning the planet, too. And the data accumulates rapidly. Kirschner said,“    4     This information includes the objects, materials, brands and their location.”

kirschner describes these data-driven maps as being like a fingerprint. “That fingerprint provides both the source of the problem and the path to the solution.”     5    In San Francisco ,the Litterati app was able to map more than 5,000 pieces of trash (垃圾) in order to determine how much was generated by cigarettes specifically. Using this information the city successfully challenged a lawsuit (诉讼) by tobacco companies and doubled an existing cigarette sales tax. In the Netherlands, Litterati’s data helped push Dutch brand Anta Flu to repackage its hard candies in waxed paper rather than plastic.

A．She noticed a plastic container in a river.

B．That’s where Kirschner thinks an app can help.

C．However, these maps turned out to be a failure.

D．We haven’t collected enough amount of data for our litter maps.

E．Our database now contains over 8 million pieces, growing at about 20,000 per day.

F．There are several examples of how Litterati’s data has already provided a path to a solution.

G．It has created an app people can use to upload information about the litter they collect outside.

6 . With red claws and face plus a large, curved black beak and crest — the crested ibis (朱鹮) is known as the beauty bird or fairy bird in China. They have existed for nearly 60 million years and were widespread in China, Korea, Japan and Russia until the 1960s when the widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers, plus a loss of Habitat, drove the birds lo near extinction. At one point, the entire species around the world was thought to be down to only six birds.

However, Liu Yinzeng, then a researcher at the Zoology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, refused to accept what seemed to be the birds’ destiny. At 42, he headed a team setting out on a mission in 1975 to search for crested ibises in the wild in China. His team searched through mountainous areas in nine provinces over three years, yet all to no avail. Finally, in May 1981, a breakthrough came. The team found two adult crested ibises in Yang county in Shaanxi province. A week later, two other adult crested ibises with three chicks were found nesting in a tree at a farm in the same area.

Steps were taken to ensure the birds were not disturbed, with people stationed 24/7 near the tree to prevent attacks by other animals. Farmers were also banned from using fertilizers and pesticide at the nearby farm for fear of poisoning the birds. A ban was also placed on shooting guns in case it scared the birds away.

The area where the birds were initially found became the site of the first crested ibis conservation station in China and 19 chicks were born from 1981 until 1990. A breeding program for the birds was later started in the 1990s and crested ibises began to nest in Zhejiang, Sichuan and Henan provinces. Today, some five decades later, the number of crested ibises in China has reached more than 2,600 at the last count, the Chinese state-run news agency Xinhua reported this month.

1. What can we learn about the crested ibises from the first paragraph?

A．They are the most beautiful birds in China.

B．They used to be widespread across the world.

C．Human activities put them in extreme danger.

D．Climate change made their number fall sharply.

2. What do the underlined words “to no avail” mean in paragraph 2?

A．In vain.

B．With passion.

C．By chance.

D．Beyond control.

3. How were the crested ibises protected after they were found in the wild?

A．They were relocated to a conservation station.

B．Guns were banned to avoid illegal bird-hunting.

C．People guarded them near the tree day and night.

D．A breeding program for them began immediately.

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．The Price China Paid in Protecting Wildlife

B．China’s Roadmap to Human-Nature Harmony

C．How Chinese Scientists Found Crested Ibis

D．How China Saved Crested Ibis from Extinction

7 . According to the American Chemistry Council, in 2018 in the United States, 27million tons of plastic ended up in landfills compared lo just 3.1 million tons that were recycled. Worldwide the numbers are similarly bad, with just 9% of plastic being recycled according to a recent OFCD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)report. The statistics are even worse for certain types of pastie. For example, out of 80,000 lens of polystyrene containers generated in the United States, a negligible amount(less than 5,000 tons) was recycled.

Now, researchers at the University of Queensland have found that a species of worm with an appetite for polystyrene could be the key to plastic recycling on a mass scale. They discovered that the Zophobas morio also called “super-worm” can eat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme (酶) in its “Stomach”. Dr. Chris Rilke and his team from UQ’s School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience fed super-worms different diets over a three-week period, with some given polystyrene, some outer skin of grain separated from the flour, and others pul on a fasling diet.

“We found the super-worms fed a dict of just polystyrene not only survived, but even had slight weight gains,” Dr. Rilke said. “This suggests the worms can get energy from the polypropylene,most likely with the help of their internal micro-organisms. They are like mini recycling plants, tearing up the polystyrene with their mouths and then feeding it to the bacteria in their ‘stomach’. ”

Co-author of the research, PhD candidate Jiarui Sun, said they aimed to grow the bacteria in the lab and further test their ability to break down polystyrene. “We can then look into how we can upgrade this process lo a level required for an entire recycling plant,” Ms. Sun said.

1. Which of the following best describe the current plastic recycling?

A．Inefficient.	B．Unpredictable.
C．Inconsistent.	D．Unconventional.

2. What is the Zophobas morio capable of according to the research?

A．Turning polystyrene into energy.

B．Feeding the bacteria in the mouth.

C．Eating through any type of plastic.

D．Gaining weight on a fasting dict.

3. How will those researchers continue the research?

A．By testing different abilities of the bacteria.

B．By experimenting with large-scale production.

C．By establishing a modern recycling factory.

D．By growing and breaking down the worm.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The severity of plastic pollution.

B．The future of recycling industry.

C．Super-worm’s commercial success.

D．Super-worm’s ability to digest plastic.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Denmark wants to make all domestic flights fossil fuel-free by 2030. Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen announced the goal in a New Year speech. Denmark    1         (be) known for its green qualification. It is famous as a heaven for cyclists and a huge destination for eco-minded food experts, and now it even has    2       waste-to-energy plant complete with its own ski spot.

Most impressively of all, though, the country aims to reduce its carbon emissions    3       70 percent by 2030. In the speech,Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said such changes were necessary     4     “to travel is to live and therefore we fly”. Researchers are already working on    5         (find) alternative fuels for those flights, and hydrogen(氢) is the     6    (likely) competitor.

    7    (fortunate), the Scandinavian country isn’t the only nation trying to make flying a greener travel option. By 2030, Sweden wants all airlines to have switched to bio-fuels. To make this happen, they    8    (tax) on the emissions of their fossil fuel-powered flights soon. In   France, meanwhile, flights which could be replaced by a train trip that takes under two and a half hours are likely    9    (ban). That’s all great news,and hopefully a sign of even greater things to come. Could a big    10    (play) like the USA or China be next?

10 . Record-breaking heatwaves seen across the world this summer are set to repeat themselves due to human-caused climate change—even if we reached net zero today.

The summer of 2022 has set thousands of new temperature records across the United States alone, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

The mechanisms (机制) behind these heatwaves may vary by region, but, as with the “heat dome (热穹顶)” that broke temperature records in the Pacific northwest in 2021, air pressure systems are key.

“Partly, it’s the large-scale weather patterns,” said Craig Clements, professor at San José State University. “Here in the California Bay Area, we have this high pressure ridge (高压脊), which is a big buildup of air, and that air tends to be still. Thus, there’s no sea breeze that usually cools off San Francisco, and that really is triggering the extensive heat. We can just continue to heat it with the sun’s input because there’s no cloud cover.”

It’s natural for these air pressure systems to change over time. On the West coast of the U.S., low pressure systems bring rain and cooler temperatures due to air from the north, with high pressure systems following behind.

However, Clements notes that these weather patterns are becoming more pronounced and lasting longer. They’re also becoming less “natural”.

“At this stage, the ‘natural cycle’ no longer applies.” said Chris E. Forest, professor at Pennsylvania State University. “Across the globe, the likelihood of breaking weather extremes is directly related to the impact of climate change related to multiple causes, but primarily, increasing heat-trapping gases like CO2 and changes in landscape and landcover.”

Brian Hoskins, professor at the University of Reading in the U. K., echoed the point. “We know of no natural cycles that would lead to such records,” he said. “I consider that it is virtually impossible that they would have happened without human-caused climate change.”

In the long term, even if we got to net zero emissions today, it will take the next 30 to 50 years until we start to see “stabilized” global temperatures and the future extremes will be worsened by each degree of warming.

1. What do we know about the mechanisms behind heatwaves?

A．They show little regional differences.	B．The heat dome in 2021 created them.
C．They were controlled by the sun’s input.	D．Air pressure systems are critical to them.

2. What does the underlined phrase “these weather patterns” in paragraph 6 refer to?

A．The weather patterns unique to the U.S.

B．The weather patterns following nature’s rules.

C．The weather patterns contributing to heatwaves.

D．The weather patterns with low pressure systems.

3. What do Chris E. Forest and Brian Hoskins both agree with?

A．More extreme weathers are to come.	B．Climate problems are hard to address.
C．Humans are to blame for the heatwaves.	D．Causes of heatwaves are to be determined.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The arrival of an unnatural cycle.	B．The role of human activities.
C．The unpredictability of a natural disaster.	D．The effects of extreme heatwaves.