1 . Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.
Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.
Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai's footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.
As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing awareness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China's garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation's sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.
1. What is the most probable reason for classifying waste?| A．No site for burying waste. | B．People's habit. |
| C．Economic cost. | D．Environmental pollution. |
| A．To practise waste classification. |
| B．To protect environment. |
| C．To save oil for farming. |
| D．To reduce the quantity of waste. |
| A．A program adopted across China. |
| B．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules. |
| C．Doing the best with waste. |
| D．Protecting environment is necessary. |
| A．China will become the leading country of the program. |
| B．The program will be spread nationwide. |
| C．Development in rural areas will make great progress. |
| D．People will help develop modern technology. |
2 . You may not think it very much—a used ice cream tub on the beach, a cigarette butt in the sand. But these little pieces of litter amount to around 8.8 million tons of trash in the world’s oceans, poisoning and choking sealife, according to figures from the World Wildlife Foundation.
Now, in a set of images titled The Price Of Convenience by Waters has shown the destructive effects casual littering has on creatures. In one image called “Your convenience is their extinction”, a sea turtle’s shell is hollowed out and filled with banana skins, soda cans, and other debris.
“It is shocking the amount of trash in the oceans,” Waters, 23, said, describing his project in which he has begun a campaign to the WWF. “When you leave litter on the beach we are treating the ocean like a trash can. When you throw trash over the side of a boat, you’re treating the ocean like a trash can. And when you leave litter at a beach festival or party, it’s the same. Obviously it would be impossible to clean the oceans but I felt I had to try something.”
The turning point came as he visited Malaysia with his girlfriend last year. To his surprise, he reached the shore to find piles of trash. It was beautiful, the smell of the air, of the ocean. He had a strong feeling for it after he started researching trash in the ocean. A few months later, he came across the video of a sea turtle in obvious agony with a drinking straw stuck up its nostrils. That video inspired the first of Waters’ three images. “Sea turtles are such gentle creatures. I felt sick watching that video. Trash left on a beach by humans caused so much pain and suffering. These animals don’t have voices so we’ve got to speak up for them,” he added.
Waters has not yet received a response from WWF regarding his images. For now, he says, he is inspired to develop more and more campaigns that raise awareness of environmental concerns.
1. What does the author want to tell us with the figure from WWF?| A．How seriously the ocean has been polluted. | B．When people can take their actions. |
| C．What measures people should take. | D．Where people should throw the rubbish. |
| A．Seawater. | B．Creatures. | C．Rubbish. | D．Fruits. |
| A．Excited. | B．Anxious. | C．Shocked. | D．Disappointed. |
| A．The used ice cream tub. | B．The cigarette butt. |
| C．The banana skin. | D．The drinking straw. |
1.海洋的重要性；
2.保护海洋的倡议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
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Yours,
Li Hua
4 . After the season for giving, it is the one for throwing away. Each year in late December and early January a massive amount of plastic packaging is discarded (丢弃) worldwide. In Britain alone households generate 30% more waste, an extra 3m tonnes, in the month over Christmas. Most is destined for landfill. Lithuania will do less damage than many, though. The country now recycles at a record level. Almost three- quarters (74%) of plastic packaging waste was recycled there in 2017, the highest proportion in Europe.
Much of Lithuania' s success is due to a deposit refund scheme (方案). Customers pay €0.10 extra when buying drinks containers. After use, these can be fed into reverse vending machines (反向自动售货机) installed in shops, which spit the deposit back out. The machines’ contents are sent directly to recycling centers. By the end of 2017, 92% of all bottles and cans sold in Lithuania were being returned. The overall plastic packaging recycling rate increased by almost 20%.
The Lithuanian government says the scheme has fueled a potential love for recycling in its citizens. Nearly 90% of Lithuanians have used the machines at least once. However, Lithuanians do not generally describe themselves as eco-fighters. A 2017 survey by the European Commission found they were less likely than most other Europeans to regard environmental issues as “very important”.
The eagerness of Lithuanian recyclers may stem not from a love of the Earth but from a low net worth(资本净值). A tenth of the population live on less than €245 a month. In big cities it is common to see people scooping recyclable items out of bins to take to the machines.
Less litter and money for people who need it seems like a win-win. But it might not in fact be best for the environment in the long run. In Germany ----where a similar, widely used refund deposit scheme has been in place since 2003 --- the earnings from keeping the deposits from unreturned bottles seem to have discouraged producers from switching to more sustainable packaging.
1. What might most Lithuanian customers do under the deposit refund scheme?| A．They send their drinks containers directly to recycling centers. |
| B．They spend more on drinks than other European customers. |
| C．They return their used drinks containers. |
| D．They use vending machines to buy drinks. |
| A．Lithuania beat many countries in plastic recycling. |
| B．Lithuanians were less aware of environmental conservation. |
| C．Lithuanians made much money from recycling. |
| D．Lithuania had an unequal income distribution. |
| A．Positive. | B．Unfavorable. |
| C．Ambiguous. | D．Uninterested. |
| A．How and why Lithuanians recycle their trash. |
| B．How waste turns into treasure in Lithuania |
| C．Who are recycling plastic bottles in Lithuania |
| D．Where Lithuanians throw away their plastic packaging |
5 . When athletes at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics collect their medals, they'll not only be wearing something that celebrates their sporting performance, but something that symbolizes lastingness. For both the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics, organizers aim to make all of the gold, silver, and bronze medals out of used electronics. This strong message about how to make use of e-waste has gotten a lot of Japan involved.
Starting in April 2017, the Japanese Olympic Committee began collecting old laptops, digital cameras, smartphones, and other abandoned electronics. The initiative(倡议）has achieved great success. Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and they're in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March.
When looking just at the number of cell phones collected, the amount of waste is shocking. In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. Japan's largest mobile phone operator allowed the public to turn in phones at their shops, which counted a lot in the project’s success.
After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics underwent a smelting process to extract(提炼）all the gold, silver，and bronze elements. Thanks to this initiative, the worldwide struggle with e-waste will have a global platform. According to a study published by the United Nations University—44.7 million metric tons of e-waste were made in 2016. Only 20% of that was actually recycled. Unfortunately, this figure is set to rise significantly in the coming years, moving to 52.2 million metric tons by 2021. So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, it’s a good start in showing what the public can do if they're made more aware of the issue.
1. What can be learnt about Tokyo Olympics initiative from the passage?| A．E-waste in the world is increasing significantly. |
| B．It is easy to get elements needed from the used electronics. |
| C．Only producers of electronics participated in the project. |
| D．NTT DOCOMO contributed to the success of the project. |
| A．starting period | B．collection effort |
| C．final stage | D．hard search |
| A．It offers an effective method to solve the problem of e-waste. |
| B．It shows the power of advanced technology in daily life. |
| C．It saves the expense spent in making all the medals. |
| D．It encourages the public’s involvement in dealing with e-waste. |
| A．Positive | B．Negative |
| C．Ambiguous | D．Indifferent |
6 . Whether you’re a citizen, consumer or investor, it is fast becoming a key life skill to make out greenwashing, a word meaning a company claims that its products are environmentally friendly but actually not green at all. Misleading, or not proved claims about benefits to climate can make it harder for people to make informed decisions. They can also weaken real efforts by companies to clean up their act and deal with the climate crisis.
The basic problem is a lack of clarity. Indeed, when it comes to spottıng greenwashing, it can actually be more helpful to focus on the color grey—because it is the many grey areas that have helped make greenwashing appear in particular places. These grey areas might be around measurements, definitions, best practice, standards or regulations. Even the language we use is very imprecıse, leaving lots of room for vagueness, confusion or complete cheating. For instance, what do words such as “green”, “sustainable” and “eco” even mean? You have no standards, measurements or definitions to judge by.
These problems are increasingly important when it comes to the greenwashing of investment products, such as pensions and investment funds. In recent years, there has been a sharp rise in consumer demand for funds that invest according to environmental, social and governance (管理) criteria, often referred to as ESG funds. According to the financial data provider Morningstar, the value of assets (资产) held in UK funds grew from £29bn at the beginning of 2017 to £71bn by the end of 2020.
With that much money at risk for high profits, misleading claims can effectively hamper the flow of money and resources into really green new plans and businesses, preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency. “I describe it as the ‘teenage years’ of responsible investing, with a lot of experimentation, and a lot of people trying out new things.” says Ashley Hamilton Claxton.
1. Which of the following can be called greenwashing?| A．A product that is claimed to benefit the climate. |
| B．A product that is claimed to be green while not the case. |
| C．A product that can be washed in a green way. |
| D．A product that is absolutely environmentally friendly. |
| A．There are no such words as “sustainable”. | B．The language isn’t grammatically right. |
| C．The product’s description is not clear. | D．The company doesn’t say it’s “green” and “eco”. |
| A．Stop. | B．Clarify. | C．Put. | D．Divide. |
| A．Much money enables high profits. |
| B．Responsible investing is still at its early stage. |
| C．More money is invested in real green businesses. |
| D．A lot of people are unwilling to try out new things. |
REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most wellknown tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the river’s water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it．Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed to the problem too.
Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the water. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly,as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. In order to feed more people,more chemicals were used to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,causing a decrease in the number of fish species. Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty.
A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation.The collection and transport of household waste was also improved.Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuse. With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come．
In addition,the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. Other initiatives,such as the “River Chief System”, hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution. With such campaigns in effect, China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.1. What’s the passage mainly about?
| A．The beauty of the Li River. |
| B．What some tourists did led to the water pollution. |
| C．Some measures to reduce water pollution in the Li River. |
| D．The ways to increase crop production. |
| A．Some tourists didn’t care about the Li River. |
| B．What have caused water pollution in the Li River? |
| C．Some tourists threw garbage into the Li River. |
| D．The local population rose rapidly. |
| A．The chemicals have caused a decrease in the number of fish species. |
| B．The reputation of the Li River has a negative effect on the river’s water quality. |
| C．The media has a good effect on encouraging greater use of clean energy. |
| D．The local government did nothing to protect the water quality in Li River. |
| A．people can do nothing to reduce water pollution in Li River |
| B．tourists are not allowed to visit the Li River |
| C．the local authorities never inspect the Li River |
| D．some measures have been taken to reduce water pollution in the Li River |
8 . China’s war on garbage is as digital as the country itself. Think QR codes attached to trash bags that allow the government to trace exactly where its trash comes from.
On July 1, Shanghai began a compulsory garbage sorting program. Households and companies must classify their wastes into four categories and dump them in appointed places at certain times. The strict program became a headache for some residents. Not even the most environmentally conscious person can get all the answers right. Like, which bin does the newspaper you just used to pick up dog poop (粪便)belong to?
Gratefully, China’s tech startups are here to help. For instance, China’s biggest internet companies responded with new search features that help people identify what wastes are “wet”, “dry”, “toxic”, or “recyclable”. Simply pull up a mini app on WeChat, Baidu or Alipay and enter the keyword. The tech firms will give you the answer and why.
Alipay, Alibaba’s electronics payment company, claims its garbage sorting mini app added one million users under just three days. The mini app has so far indexed (编索引) more than 4,000 types of rubbish. Its database is still growing, and soon it will save people from typing by using image recognition to classify trash when they snap a photo of it. If people are too busy or lazy to hit the collection schedule, well, startups are offering trash service at the doorstep. A third-party developer helped Alipay build a recycling mini app and is now collecting garbage from 8,000 apartment complexes across 11 cities. To date, two million people have sold recyclable materials through its platform.
Besides helping households out, companies are also building software to make property managers, life easier. Some residential complexes in Shanghai began using QR codes to trace the origin of garbage. This way, regulators in the region know exactly which family has produced the trash and fine violators.
1. What are some residents confused about?| A．Environmental knowledge. | B．Bin for dog poop. |
| C．Some waste classification. | D．Time for dumping. |
| A．It provides time flexibility. | B．It reduces household waste. |
| C．It saves people from typing. | D．It classifies rubbish properly. |
| A．Third-party developers. | B．Company managers. |
| C．Community administrators. | D．Rubbish collectors. |
| A．People need recycling apps badly. |
| B．People should classify their rubbish. |
| C．How regulators benefit from the tech. |
| D．How China uses tech to sort waste. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Yesterday I was walking around the park while I saw some rubbishes left on the ground. People just walk by as if they had not seen it. I thought I would do something differently. I picked up and put it into a nearby dustbin. I was felt nice because I saw someone else doing a same thing as I had just done. I thought my kindness had affected him. Saving the Earth is save us humans. It is a good lesson what we should learn in life and together we can make the Earth a good place to live one step at a time.
10 . Pollution’s disastrous effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency, less reliance on fossil fuels and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39 percent of the country’s total energy use, 12 percent of total water consumption, 68 percent of total electricity consumption and 38 percent of carbon dioxide emissions, according to the Environment Protection Agency.
Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste and are healthier to live, work and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle — construction, restoration, operation, maintenance (维护) and demolition (拆毁) — than those who construct more regular buildings.
The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the conservation of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature conservation in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize (最小化) human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes (微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower (水能) and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The necessity of promoting energy efficiency. |
| B．The process of building green buildings. |
| C．Green buildings’ effects on the environment |
| D．The benefits and features of green buildings. |
| A．use energy and resources more efficiently | B．only use clean energy |
| C．are made of recycled materials | D．produce no waste |
| A．They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity. |
| B．Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones. |
| C．The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building. |
| D．They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs. |
| A．they fit the surrounding environment well |
| B．they can help to control the temperature in the building well |
| C．they can keep natural water for use in everyday life |
| D．they are cheaper than other kinds of roofs |
