1 . The health of millions could be at risk because supplies of medicinal plants are being used up. These plants are used to make traditional medicine, including drugs to fight cancer. “The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster,” says Sara Oldfield, secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International.

Most people worldwide rely on herbal (药草制的) medicines which are got mostly from wild plants. But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out, according to report from the international conservation group Plantlife. Shortages have been reported in China, India, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania and Uganda.

Over-harvesting does the most harm, though pollution and competition from invasive species (入侵物种) and habitat destruction all contribute. Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants, not caring about sustainability (可持续性),” the Plantlife report says, “damage is serious partly because they have no idea about it, but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized”. Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew (紫衫) and the African cherry, which are used to treat some cancers.

The solution, says the report’s author, Alan Hamilton, is to encourage local people to protect these plants. Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed. In Uganda, the project has kept a sustainable supply of low-cost cancer treatments, and in China a public-run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time.”

“Improving health, earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging people to protect medicinal plants,” says Hamilton, “You have to pay attention to what people are interested in.”

Ghillean Prance, the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London, agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection. “Not nearly enough is being done,” he told New Scientist. “We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us.”

1. From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that ________.

A．millions of people are threatened with cancer

B．most countries see a shortage of herbal medicines

C．about two thirds of medicinal species will disappear

D．a number of medicinal species are in danger of extinction

2. The major factor that causes the decreasing of supplies of medicinal plants is ________.

A．over-harvesting	B．habitat destruction
C．pollution	D．invasive species

3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.

A．pollution	B．other species’ invasion
C．sustainability	D．over-harvesting

4. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Protecting medicinal plants has a long way to go.

B．Local people don’t know how to protect medicinal plants.

C．Ghillean Prance is optimistic about medicinal plants’ future.

D．China has made great progress in protecting medicinal plants.

2 . EcoTreasures, a young tour company based in Sydney, have involved a new plan in their Manly Coastal Walks to remove marine debris from Penguin habitats.

The tour company specializes in Ecotourism experiences on Sydney’s Northern Beaches and within Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, New South Wales. Ecotreasures have been lucky to host a range of international study tour students visiting Sydney this winter, who have been participating in the plan. The students arrive in Australia for short stays of generally 7—14 days, which consist of English lessons and Australia tour experiences. EcoTreasures owner, Damien McClellan, has been happy to host the students on his tours and to involve a new element in the half-day adventure, with a purpose to clean up marine debris that accumulates in the natural environment known to be the habitat for little penguins.

McClellan has been very proud to run these tours, which highlight a range of environmental awareness messages, and mentions, “when we visit the little penguin habitat at Collins Beach in Sydney Harbour National Park we conduct a beach clean-up. The students always put in 110% and we remove as much as marine debris from the catchment(积水处) as possible. We are all giving back to the location we are appreciating because of its natural beauty, and I’m proud of all these international guests caring for Australia’s environment.”

The tours offer a great display of Sydney’s natural setting right on the city’s door step. Mr. McClellan also adds, “The students and teachers really enjoy their experience on the walk around Manly. We visit the beach, Sydney Harbour National Park, Cabbage tree Aquatic reserve and Manly suburbs all in a half day adventure. We always keep the walk fun and interesting by identifying native plants & searching for Whales from land with binoculars and other wildlife along the way.”

EcoTreasures was founded in 2010 by Damien McClellan, and the business is looking forward to working with more partners in the future, developing new ecotourism plans for a range of target markets, and keeping it fun is part of the plan. EcoTreasures is Advanced Ecotourism and ROC certified.

1. What does EcoTreasures mainly specialize in?

A．protecting Little Penguins.

B．teaching students about environmental protection.

C．cleaning up penguin habitats.

D．holding ecotours in certain areas.

2. The underlined word “debris” in Paragraph 1 has a similar meaning to _________

A．water

B．animal

C．trash

D．rock.

3. What does Mr. McClellan want to express in the third paragraph?

A．His appreciation for natural beauty.

B．His purpose to run the tours.

C．His pride to run the tours.

D．The importance of raising environmental awareness.

4. We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ____________.

A．the tours are pleasant and valuable.

B．the tours make the students tired.

C．the tours are held far from Sydney.

D．the tours are held mainly for students

3 . Summers around the world are already warmer than they used to be, and they are going to get dramatically hotter by the century’s end if carbon pollution continues to rise. That problem will be felt most acutely in cities.

The world’s rapidly growing population coupled with the urban “heat island” effect, which can make cities up to 7.8℃ warmer than the countryside, adds up to a recipe for dangerous and potentially deadly heat.
Currently, about 54 percent of the world’s population lives in cities, and by 2050 the urban population is expected to have grown by 2.5 billion people. As those cities get hotter, weather patterns may shift and make extreme heat even more common. That will, in turn, threaten public health and the economy.
Under the high-pollution situation, currently mild Ottawa, Canada could have the tropical climate of Belize City by 2100. Mountainous Kabul, Afghanistan could feel like coastal Colombo, India. Already hot Cairo, Egypt could feel like its sweltering (闷热的) neighbor, Abu Dhabi.
The average land temperature is projected to rise 4.8℃, but due to the differences in geography, some cities will warm much more. Sofia, Bulgaria is predicted to have the biggest overall temperature shift, with temperatures rising nearly 8.4℃ by 2100. That would make its summers more like in Egypt.
The average summer temperature in Khartoum, Sudan is projected to skyrocket to 44.1℃ if carbon pollution continues to be unchecked. That shift emphasizes that unless carbon pollution is limited, the planet could be headed toward a state that humans have never experienced.

Dealing with less extreme heat makes adaptation easier and less expensive, and given that choice, perhaps it’s no surprise cities are leading the charge on climate change. They face the worst impacts of extreme heat and are home to billions. That’s why thousands of mayors from around the world have banded together and promised to reduce their emissions. That includes lots of U.S. cities committing to meet the Paris Agreement goals after President Trump announced he was pulling the U.S. out of the agreement.

1. What may happen by the end of the century according to the passage?

A．Carbon pollution will be worse and worse.

B．The world’s population living in cities will decline.

C．The temperature in cities will be too high to bear in summer.

D．The economy and population will be impacted severely by pollution.

2. Which city mentioned in the passage will have the greatest climate change?

A．Ottawa, Canada.	B．Sofia, Bulgaria.
C．Khartoum, Sudan.	D．Kabul, Afghanistan

3. The underlined word “skyrocket” in the sixth paragraph probably means “      ”.

A．rise rapidly.	B．change gradually
C．reverse completely	D．drop naturally

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Dealing with the climate problems right now is hard and expensive.

B．Officials are unwilling to deal with climate change.

C．Extreme heat will have no impact on the climate in the countryside.

D．Many U.S. cities are dealing with climate problems actively.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Growing numbers of travelers are deciding not     1    (fly) in order to help save the planet even if it means     2    (spend) days on a train. The no-fly movement is small but many    3    have joined it think it will eventually receive       4     same attention as the no-plastic or less-meat movements because of flying’s 2%     5    (contribute) to carbon emissions, which they say could rise to 16% by 2050. Some supporters suggest that people should fly no more than once per year and any further flights should be taxed. Critics of the movement, however, argue that most flying is done by small numbers of people when     6    (compare)to other forms of transport and so flying is an easy target. Much more environmental damage is done by cars they argue. But people won’t target     7     (driver) because the majority of people drive. In addition, the no-fly movement     8     (lead) by people who don’t really need to travel very far and have plenty     9     free time to spare. Most people who fly, they say,     10    (rare) have time to spend extra days getting to destinations and employers are unlikely to give employees extra time off so they can be kind to the environment.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With a population of 602 ,000 , Luxembourg is one of the richest and smallest    1    ( country) in Europe ,yet it suffers from major traffic jams.

Taking up 2, 586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island. From the capital of Luxembourg City , Belgium, France and Germany can all    2    ( reach) by car in half an hour. High housing costs, especially in Luxembourg City , mean more than 180 ,000 of its workforce commute( 通勤) from those neighboring nations every day. Luxembourg is a very    3    ( attract) place for jobs ,    4    its “booming economy" and high concentration of jobs have led to congestion(拥塞) issues. In 2016 , Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1 ,000 people, and driving is a “primary means of transportation ”for commuters. That year , drivers in Luxembourg City    5    (spend) an average of 33 hours in traffic. It fared    6     ( bad) than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki , which have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg, yet it only took drivers in both an average of 24 hours in traffic.

But that could be about to change.     7    country at this very moment is in really good shape , thus the government wants the people to benefit    8     the good economy. As of March 1 ,2020 all public transport—trains, trams and buses- -in the country is now free,    9    ( make) it the first free public transport country in the world. However,the new scheme can signal important changes ahead    10    it comes to Luxembourg’s reliance on driving.

6 . 假如你是红星中学高二（1）班李华，下面四幅图描述了近期你看到骑公共自行车“绿色出行”
的宣传后所采取的行动。请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。

7 . “What kind of rubbish are you?” This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it has brought about weary groans over the past week. On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance（服从）and to inquire into the nature of one’s rubbish.

Violators face the prospect of fines and worse. They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or even buy train tickets.

Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9 million tons of garbage a year, more than London’s annual output and rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on trash pickers to sift through the waste, plucking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China churns out 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks a year.

Many residents appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous（有害的）, the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss it by hand. Most vexing（令人烦恼的）are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.

1. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To introduce the trash-sorting regulations.

B．To explain the four categories of the waste.

C．To present residents’ complaints about trash dividing.

D．To show the goal of trash-sorting regulations.

2. What does the underlined word “Violators” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．People who don’t sort the waste.

B．People who argue with the monitors.

C．People who don’t throw the trash on time.

D．People who are against the regulations.

3. What is the main direct environmental problem in Shanghai?

A．The massive traffic.

B．The increasing garbage.

C．Lack of a recycling system.

D．Lack of trash pickers.

4. What makes the residents upset most about the rules?

A．Complex distinction among the four categories of trash.

B．Short scheduled time for tossing the trash.

C．Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.

D．Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.

5. What can be the best title for the text?

A．A Restart of Trash-sorting

B．A Great Change in Tackling Litter

C．A New Era of Garbage Classification

D．A Craze for Learning Waste Sorting

8 . We all know that forests-especially rainforests-absorb carbon dioxide and produce the oxygen that all living things depend on. It’s no wonder that they have been named the lungs of the planet. Today, after the big fires in the Amazon, Alaska, Greenland, and even Siberia, it’s very clear that we need to grow a forest that is fireproof. That’s not an impossible dream. We can grow seaweed forests that are fireproof because they are underwater.

Seaweed can store carbon and help reduce the influence of global warming. Now, seaweed is being farmed in small ocean farms to be used for food, medicines, and beauty products. If seaweed can be grown on a large scale(大规模地), it could help to fight against global warming.

“Seaweed is finally having its moment in the spotlight,” said Halley Froehlich, a scientist at the University of California. She is the lead author of a new study published in Current Biology. The study shows that large-scale seaweed farming could be used to cancel out land-based carbon emissions and it mapped the areas of the oceans where seaweed could be grown.

Now, only 3.8 percent of the US waters off the coast of California are being used to grow seaweed but that is just 0.065 of the ocean that can be farmed. In fact, 48 square kilometers of the world’s oceans can be used for seaweed farming.

For seaweed farms to be part of the global solution, they will have to be much larger. To create underwater forests, seaweed would have to be grown, harvested and then sunk into the deep ocean so that the trapped carbon could be buried for years to come.

While it sounds like a good plan on paper, “The technology doesn’t yet exist” to keep seaweed in the deep ocean, said Froehlich. “Hopefully this paper encourages conversation among engineers and economists about what it would take for the actual tools to be put in place.”

1. What makes people put forward the idea of growing seaweed forests?

A．The burning of forests.

B．Seaweed’s economic and medical value.

C．Uncontrollable carbon dioxide emissions.

D．Their long-lasting dream of underwater exploration.

2. Why can seaweed be used to fight against global warming?

A．It doesn’t burn.	B．It doesn’t pollute.
C．It can take in carbon.	D．It can break down plastics.

3. What does the underlined part “having its moment in the spotlight”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Breaking silence.	B．Taking a bad turn.
C．Drawing people’s attention.	D．Making room for other products.

4. What does Frochlich say about the idea of growing seaweed forests in the last paragraph?

A．It has a long way to go.	B．It has been put into practice.
C．It needs lots of money to carry out.	D．It needs enough evidence to support.

9 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear fellow students,

As is known by us, our government is trying to make our city the National Civilized City at present. We hope we can also do our bit to help fulfill this goal.

First of all, we should mind our language and become civilized speakers. Always remember to say 'Please' and 'Thanks' and don't talk and laugh loudly in public. Seen people in trouble, we might as well lend them a helping hand. In addition, to be civilized pedestrians. We must obey traffic rules and never cross the streets before the traffic lights are red. Keeping our environment cleanly is also advisable, it means we shouldn't litter or spit in public places. Only by starting with the little things around us we make a great difference to our city image.

Let's take measure now and make joint efforts to make our city more civilized.