1 . There was a time when a trip to the supermarket in the United States often ended with a seemingly simple question from the cashier, "Paper or plastic？"Well, which type of bag would you choose？
While both types of bags have some influence on the environment, it has long been supposed that paper bags are kinder. They are made from a renewable source, are broken down easily, burn without giving off thick smoke and can be recycled. However, the producing process behind paper bags uses more energy than that of plastic ones. How can this be true？
Studies show that paper bag production requires four times as much energy as plastic bag production.
And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher. Besides, the influence on forests is very serious. It takes about fourteen million trees to produce ten billion paper bags, which happen to be the number of bags used in the United States yearly. In terms of recycling, the idea that paper bags are more environment friendly than plastic ones can be quickly discarded. Research shows it requires about 98% less energy to recycle plastic than it does to recycle paper.
Even though paper bags might be more harmful than plastic ones, plastic still seems to be considered as the more harmful of the two by governments. In Ireland, for example, a tax has been introduced to discourage the use of plastic bags. People have to pay 22 cents for every plastic bag, and as a result, their use has dropped quickly.
There’s no doubt that it makes more sense to reuse these bags. However, we don’t seem to be doing that at present. That may be because they fall apart quickly. If so, cloth bags are a better choice, but still, their production also has a bad influence on the environment. So what to do? How should we answer the question of “Paper or plastic?” It seems that we first need to ask ourselves one more general question: “What can I do to help the environment?”
1. The question at the end of Paragraph 1 is used to ________.| A．introduce points for discussion |
| B．tell readers how to save money |
| C．express the author's doubts |
| D．show the kindness of the cashier |
| A．take more time to break down |
| B．require less energy to recycle |
| C．need more water to produce |
| D．have less influence on forests |
| A．share | B．put forward |
| C．discuss | D．give up |
| A．Paper or cloth? |
| B．A new bag or your own one? |
| C．A small bag or big one? |
| D．Paper or plastic？ |
Sagarika Sriram was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories. One story was about sharks. They had plastic in their stomachs. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group. It organized clean-up activities in Dubai. That’s her home city. “The group helps me understand what a person can do and how I can really make a difference.” she says.
Then Sagarika created Kids for a Better World. Its goal is to fight climate (气候) change. It has brought together nearly 10, 000 youths. They come from all over the world. Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to deal with climate change. They can grow food or plant trees. They can collect recyclables. “This is the information which can help change our future.” Sagarika says.
Dubai is a desert big city. Growing up there has made Sagarika understand the need for action.
Her city faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply. She believes young people can bring attention to these environmental challenges.
Sagarika is all about small actions. But she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist. She’ll also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to encourage others to fight for a greener planet.
1. Where is Sagarika Sriram’s home city?(不超过5个单词)2. What is the goal of Kids for a Better World? (不超过10个单词)
3. What risks does Sagarika Sriram’s city face? (不超过15个单词)
1.保护环境的重要性；
2.如何从我做起去保护环境；
3.呼吁大家行动起来。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone,
My topic today is “Environmental Protection”.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That's all Thanks for your listening.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面处写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分。
As we all known, plastic bags cannot be broken down and are rare recycled. However, in daily life, many people use plastic bags just because of they are cheap and convenient to use. About six billion tons of plastic bags are reporting to have been made or spread around the planet. They last for hundred of years, doing damage to natural habitats and killing animals what mistake them for food. The more plastic bags people use, the great the chances of environmental damage are. Therefore, we call on people use cloth bags and baskets instead of plastic bags. We only have one planet and we must act now to save them from further damage.
5 . Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent drought (干旱) and floods.
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers.
Two thousand years ago, a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became bare and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.
Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult sometimes to make the people realize this. They cut down the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees. The results are even more serious: for where there are trees, their roots break the soil up, allowing the rain to sink in, and also bind the soil. This prevents the soil from being washed away. But where there are no trees, the rainfalls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, and this causes floods and the rain carries away the rich top soil in which crops grow. When all the top soil is gone, nothing remains but worthless desert.
1. Trees are useful to man mainly in three ways, the most important of which is that they can ________.| A．keep him from the hot sunshine | B．protect him from droughts and floods |
| C．make him draw quick profit from them | D．enable him to build warships |
| A．man hasn’t realized the importance of trees to him |
| B．man is eager to profit from trees |
| C．man is only interested in building empires |
| D．man hasn’t found out that he has lost all trees |
| A．unless a country has a plenty supply of trees |
| B．unless people stop cutting down their trees |
| C．unless the government punishes those who cut trees instead of planting them |
| D．unless all people are taught the importance of planting trees |
| A．to wash away | B．to make stay together |
| C．to make wet | D．to improve |
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
4. 参考词汇：雾霾smog。
Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your letter.
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Yours,
Ai Huaiyi
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Yesterday I was walking around the park while I saw some rubbishes left on the ground. People just walk by as if they had not seen it. I thought I would do something differently. I picked up and put it into a nearby dustbin. I was felt nice because I saw someone else doing a same thing as I had just done. I thought my kindness had affected him. Saving the Earth is save us humans. It is a good lesson what we should learn in life and together we can make the Earth a good place to live one step at a time.
1、现象：水电，粮食；
2、危害：浪费资源；增加经济负担。
注意：（1）词数100左右，开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。
（2）不要逐条翻译，要组成一篇通顺的短文。文中不能出现真实的人名和地名。
Dear classmates,
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9 . On a hot summer weekend, Jorge Ayub saw the public beach north of Boston already crowded with nearly 1 million people drawn to the annual sand sculpture festival. Traffic on the nearby road was heavy, bands played music loudly, and later that night fireworks would light up the beach.
And on the sand were four pairs of tiny shorebirds. These chicks(小鸟) were still too young to fly and a precious addition to the national endeavor to save a bird once down to 139 pairs in Massachusetts. It was Mr. Ayub’s job. “Everyone made it,” Ayub, a coastal ecologist reported at the end of the long weekend over the nests.
Once common, piping plovers(笛鸻) were hunted and then squeezed out of their habitats(栖息地) by coastal development until, in 1986, the federal government listed the Atlantic Coastal birds as threatened. The bird’s recovery has been halting. After three decades, the Atlantic population stands just under the 2,000-pair goal set by federal law.
But the star has been Massachusetts, which has seen plovers increase to 687pairs from 139 pairs in 1986. One reason for that: “chick-sitting” in which conservationists sometimes spend all day watching over the birds.
That progress has made Massachusetts the only East Coast state that decided to relax some Endangered Species Act restrictions: for example, to reduce the fenced-off areas and vehicle limits that have annoyed residents（居民）.
“Look at the stretch(一片土地)，”Anyb says. “We had six nesting pairs between here and that bathhouse 600 yards away. By regulation, each nest should have 100 yards of fencing. We could have put up fencing and closed the beach all the way to the bathhouse.”
Instead, the plovers are surrounded in much smaller areas by “symbolic fencing”. None of the 52 seawall entrances to the beach are closed. “If we put up too much fencing, people will be upset, and they are going to destroy it or walk right through the nesting areas,” Ayub says. “By opening the beach, people are happier and the species does better.”
1. What was Jorge Ayub doing at the beginning of the text?| A．Directing traffic. |
| B．Enjoying fireworks. |
| C．Looking after some birds. |
| D．Watching some bands perform. |
| A．slow | B．Similar |
| C．Important | D．Complete |
| A．It is an important habitat for wildlife. |
| B．It has done well in protecting piping plovers. |
| C．It encourages the residents to keep piping plovers. |
| D．It allows ecologists to test certain species of birds. |
| A．Supportive | B．Disapproving |
| C．Uninterested | D．Doubtful |
Water costs money. In some places water is hard
Very
The town
In most places, water is used and thrown
| A．supplying | B．getting | C．to get | D．to supply |
| A．happens | B．happening | C．is happened | D．happened |
| A．key | B．answer | C．answering | D．way |
| A．little | B．a little | C．few | D．a few |
| A．of itself | B．of its own | C．for its own | D．for itself |
| A．fetch | B．take | C．brought in | D．guided |
| A．come to | B．came to | C．coming to | D．came for |
| A．many | B．plenty of | C．more | D．many more |
| A．has | B．had | C．must | D．needed |
| A．many | B．a few | C．a great many | D．a lot of |
| A．put | B．made | C．supply | D．noticed |
| A．a way | B．ways | C．an answer | D．a key |
| A．for | B．by | C．at | D．in |
| A．man-making | B．man-make | C．man-made | D．man made |
| A．boating | B．to boat | C．to boating | D．on boating |
| A．must | B．could | C．needed | D．had to |
| A．as | B．with | C．for | D．to |
| A．water enough | B．enough water | C．crops enough | D．enough crops |
| A．off | B．of | C．away | D．out of |
| A．it’s | B．its | C．one’s | D．his |
