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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。美丽的珊瑚礁正在因为环境污染等失去了它们璀璨的光泽,然而科学家们也为拯救它们做出了各种努力。

1 . The world’s coral reefs do more for the planet than provide underwater beauty. They protect shorelines from the effects of hurricanes. An estimated 500 million people earn their livelihood from the fishing stocks and tourism opportunities reefs provide. The tiny animals that give rise to reefs are even offering hope for new drugs to treat cancer and other diseases.

Despite their importance, warming waters, pollution, ocean acidification, overfishing, and physical destruction are killing coral reefs around the world. So now scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive(复苏) corals. In the Bahamas, Ross Cunning, a research biologist at Chicago’s Shedd Aquarium, is focusing on corals with genes that could make them natural candidates for restoration projects. He recently published a study of two Bahamian reefs, one that seemed to survive an intense 2015 heat wave, and one that didn’t.“It sets the stage to find out which genes are responsible for thermal tolerance,” says Cunning, adding that he hopes discovering those genes will help scientists one day breed more heat-tolerant coral.

In Massachusetts, Cohen’s research has found two key elements that seem to protect corals. The first: internal(内部的) waves beneath the ocean’s surface that bring cooler currents to heat-struck corals, essentially air-conditioning them as temperatures rise. The second: adaptation, a quality that corals found in Palau’s warm lagoons(环礁湖) seem to display.On average, these lagoons submerge(淹没) coral in water that is two degrees Celsius warmer than the water outside the lagoons. “We think the fact that they can deal with these higher temperatures is built into their genetics and allows them to deal with the heat waves.”

She’s also found evidence of corals evolving more quickly in the past two decades to withstand rapidly warming temperatures. The big question scientists are now enquiring into, says Cohen, is whether there’s a cap on how much more heat corals can adapt to. Cohen calls these regions with heat-adapted corals as “super reefs,” and like Friendlander, advocates for using marine reserves to protect them.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.The protection for coral reefs
B.The great value of coral reefs.
C.The benefits for tourism from coral reefs.
D.The relationship between animals and coral reefs.
2. What can be inferred from Cunning’s coral research?
A.Cooling down the waters is the key to their success.
B.Some corals have been genetically improved successfully.
C.He expects to identify the genes of the heat-tolerant corals.
D.Some corals that survived 2015 heat wave surprised people.
3. What is the focus of the study to save corals according to Cohen?
A.How corals survive in the warm lagoons.
B.What are the key elements to protect corals.
C.How they can use natural reserves to protect corals.
D.What is the high temperature limit of the surviving corals.
4. Which section is the text probably taken from?
A.Science.B.Environment.C.Animal.D.Climate.
2024-02-29更新 | 34次组卷 | 2卷引用:中原名校2022年高三上学期第二次精英联赛英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约310词) | 较易(0.85) |
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2 . A shocking 53.6 million tons of electronic waste were discarded(丢弃)last year, a new UN-backed report has revealed. The report shows that e-waste is up 21%from five years ago. This isn't surprising, considering how many more people are adopting new technology and updating devices regularly to have the latest versions, but the report also shows that national collection and recycling strategies are nowhere close to matching consumption rates.

E-waste contains materials including copper(铜), iron, gold and silver, which the report gives a conservative value of $ 57 billion. But most are thrown away or burned rather than being collected for recycling. Precious metals in waste are estimated to be worth $ 14 billion, but only $4 billion-worth is recovered at the moment.

While the number of countries with national e-waste policies has grown from 61 to 78 since 2014, there is little encouragement to obey and a mere 17% of collected items are recycled. If recycling does occur, it's often under dangerous conditions, such as burning circuit boards to recover copper, which "releases highly poisonous metals" and harms the health of workers.

The report found that Asia has the highest amounts of waste overall, producing 24.9 million metric tons (MMT), followed by Europe at 12 MMT, Africa at 2.9 MMT, and Oceania at 0.7 MMT.

But whose responsibility is it? Are governments in charge of setting up collection and recycling points, or should companies be responsible for recycling the goods they produce? It goes both ways. Companies do need to be held accountable by government regulations and have incentives to design products that are easily repaired. At the same time, governments need to make it easy for citizens to access collection points and deal with their broken electronics in a convenient way. Otherwise, they may turn to the easiest option-the landfill.

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.What e-waste refers to.
B.Where e-waste is collected.
C.Why e-waste is increasing rapidly.
D.How many kinds e-waste includes.
2. What do the statistics in paragraph 2 show?
A.The functions of policies.
B.The great damage to environment.
C.The change of consumption rates.
D.The urgency of recovering e-waste.
3. What is the problem with recycling e-waste at present?
A.It does harm to the workers' health.
B.It lacks national policy support.
C.It hardly makes profits.
D.It takes too much time.
4. How should the problem be solved according to the passage?
A.New technology should be used to update old devices.
B.Governments and companies should take responsibilities.
C.Non-poisonous metals had better be used in e-device.
D.Citizens must play a key role in recycling e-waste.
2021-03-05更新 | 1036次组卷 | 7卷引用:山西省运城市河东一中2022-2023学年高三上学期周四竞赛题英语试题
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3 . When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set him apart from his schoolmates at his elementary school, P. S. 81, in the Bronx. “He told me we drove too much and made too much pollution,” his dad, Jonathan Cane, told Runner’s World. So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.

“For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,” Jonathan said. “We had a lot of fun being outdoors. We’d stop to give our dog treats and generally enjoyed it.” As Simon got bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s back, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together — both because of safety concerns and because there was no place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time they drove the 1. 5 miles to school.

But in 2019, when Simon was going into third grade, the 8-year-old came up with a new way to help the planet: running the 1. 5 miles to P. S. 81. And Jonathan promised his son he’d join him for as long as he wanted.

“We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼)after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said. He recalled one day when the weather was particularly bad. “It’s really raining out there today,” he told Simon. “And Simon said, ‘Well then we’re going to get wet!’ He took pride in toughing it out, and it became a really fun family routine.”

Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mom, Nicole Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.

1. What makes Simon different from his classmates?
A.Washing his clothes by himself.B.Taking many classes after school.
C.Raising strange questions in class.D.Taking green measures to protect the environment.
2. How did Simon usually go to school in second grade?
A.By car.B.By cycling.C.By running.D.By school bus.
3. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A.Simon has trouble with his eyesight.B.Simon is really stubborn and inflexible.
C.Simon is much tougher than expected.D.Simon didn’t get support from his father.
4. What can be the best title for the text?
A.The Best Way to Go to School
B.Father and Son Run for the Environment
C.A Teenager Keeps Running to Inspire Father
D.Three Inspiring Running Athletes to Protect the Environment
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