1 . Marco Springmann and his colleagues, at the Oxford Martin School's Future of Food Programme, built computer models that predicted what would happen if everyone became vegetarian by 2050. The results indicate that if the world went vegan, the greenhouse gas emissions declines would be around 70%.
In the US, for example, an average family of four emits more greenhouse gases because of the meal they eat than from driving two cars——but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming.
Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room. 68% of agricultural land in the world is used for livestock. When these lands become grasslands and forests, they would capture carbon dioxide and further ease climate change.
However, if the whole world went vegan, there would be negative effects too. First, it is necessary to keep livestock for environmental purposes. "I'm sitting here in Scotland where the Highlands' environment is very man-made and based largely on grazing by sheep," says Peter Alexander, a researcher in socio-ecological systems modeling at the University of Edinburgh. "If we took all the sheep away, the environment would look different and there would be a potential negative impact on biodiversity. "
Plus, meat is an important part of history , tradition and cultural identity. Numerous groups around the world give livestock gifts at weddings, celebratory dinners such as Christmas with turkey or roast beef.
And nowadays, moderation in meal-eating's frequency and portion size is key to solving these conflicts. "Certain changes would encourage us to make healthier and more environmentally friendly dietary decisions," says Springmann, "like putting a higher price lag on meat and making fresh fruits and vegetables cheaper. "
In fact, clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock industry. What is lacking is the will to implement those changes.
1. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?| A．Driving cars is more dangerous than eating steaks in the US. |
| B．Our dietary choices affecting climate change is often underestimated. |
| C．People compare the greenhouse gas emissions of the cars and steaks. |
| D．Cars affect the global warming more seriously than the steaks. |
| A．To show the important impact of livestock on the environment. |
| B．To show his work as a researcher in the socio-ecological systems. |
| C．To encourage people to take all the sheep back for environmental purpose. |
| D．To point out the negative impact of the sheep on the biodiversity. |
| A．It is hard to please all. |
| B．Don't put all your eggs in one basket. |
| C．One cannnot see the wood for the trees. |
| D．Everything is a double-edged sword. |
| A．A biology textbook. | B．A health magazine. |
| C．A scientific journal. | D．An educational review. |
1. 大赛目的；
2. 作品要求；
3. 作品展出方式及颁奖时间。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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3 . On a school day Greta’s teacher at her primary school showed her a video clip that turned her life upside down. The video was about
Her outrage over the
At first Greta joined a group of climate activists who had
The climate campaign
Greta
“You only speak of a green eternal economic growth because you are too scared of being
Even when the only
| A．starving | B．sleeping | C．threatening | D．surviving |
| A．Meanwhile | B．Constantly | C．finally | D．Afterwards |
| A．hang on | B．hold on | C．move on | D．talk on |
| A．nature | B．weather | C．climate | D．earth |
| A．cheating | B．mixing | C．judging | D．compromising |
| A．gathered | B．cheered | C．followed | D．socialized |
| A．recognized | B．contacted | C．admired | D．blamed |
| A．threats | B．types | C．benefits | D．opportunities |
| A．forcing | B．commanding | C．inviting | D．affecting |
| A．career | B．health | C．dream | D．future |
| A．launched | B．invented | C．founded | D．inspired |
| A．warned | B．accused | C．informed | D．cleared |
| A．illegal | B．illogical | C．unpopular | D．incredible |
| A．fight | B．mood | C．disaster | D．mess |
| A．productive | B．sensible | C．considerable | D．creative |
4 . This holiday season, holiday shoppers can for the first time send festive greetings that contribute to protecting rather than destroying our evergreen world. The beautiful e-card can be sent via TreeGreetings, available at http://www. TreeGreetings. com.
Each $8.95 TreeGreetings e-card comes with a virtual tour of the actual location where the gift tree will be planted along with a full-color, personalized planting certificate. The greetings feature musical slide shows with nature photography and inspirational messages.
“Our cards exemplify the spirit of holiday giving,” said Alan Shamir, founder and CEO of Your True Nature Inc., which markets TreeGreetings electronic products. “Our customers can give back to the Earth by contributing to reforestation while sharing holiday goodwill with friends and family.” TreeGreetings offers a full range of e-cards to celebrate any occasion including birthdays, weddings, anniversaries, new homes, congratulations, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day, and Father’s Day.
Individuals and organizations can easily send personalized TreeGreetings to their entire holiday lists at quantity-discounted rates, and distribution on a selected date can be scheduled days, weeks, or months in advance.
Gift trees are planted and cared for by well-established, reliable non-profit organizations including the internationally recognized Trees, Water & People, which has planted 1.2 million trees in Central America, and Plant-It 2020, a foundation created by singer John Denver in 1992.
After having received a Magnolia tree for his 11th birthday, Shamir gained a lifelong appreciation for the value and joy of receiving a living growing gift. He said, “My tree and I ‘grow up’ together! It has been such a valuable and important part of my life that I want to give others the experience of having a tree planted for their special occasions.”
1. What will happen if you buy a TreeGreetings e-card?| A．You will be presented with a gift. |
| B．You’ll receive a photograph with music. |
| C．You can determine the type of gift trees. |
| D．You’ll know where the tree will be planted. |
| A．TreeGreetings e-card brings high profits. |
| B．TreeGreetings e-card does prove popular. |
| C．TreeGreetings e-card helps protect the Earth. |
| D．TreeGreetings e-card deserves to be stored. |
| A．He has a high fame worldwide. |
| B．He must be possessing a big farm. |
| C．He founded Plant-It 2020 himself. |
| D．He’s abandoned singing completely. |
| A．To show it has a lasting influence on him. |
| B．To emphasize he didn’t get gifts ever before. |
| C．To call on people to value teenagers’ growth. |
| D．To collect data for his support for the project. |
5 . Blue Planet II's latest episode (情节) focuses on how plastic is having a destructive effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures. Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastic in their stomachs. Indeed, oceans are drowning in plastic.
Though it seems that the world couldn't possibly function without plastics, plastics are a remarkably recent invention. The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s, the same decade that plastic packaging began gaining popularity in the United States. This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change. Plastics pollution research, for instance, is still a very early science.
We put all these plastics into the environment, but we still don't really know what the outcomes are going to be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.
And it's not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas. Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat. I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as a disaster, worth mentioning in the same breath as climate change. But ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change. There are no ocean trash deniers (否认者), at least so far. To do something about it, we don't have to remake our planet energy system.
This is not a problem where we don' t know what the solution is. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. We can all start by thinking twice before we use single-use plastic products. Things that may seem ordinary, like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag-when taken collectively, these choices really do make a difference.
1. Why is plastics pollution research still a very early science?| A．The plastics pollution research is too difficult. |
| B．Plastics have produced less pollution than coal. |
| C．Plastics have gained popularity too fast for science to catch up. |
| D．The world couldn't possibly function without plastics. |
| A．By citing quotes from leading experts. | B．By making a comparison and contrast. |
| C．By listing examples from his own experience. | D．By presenting solid statistics. |
| A．We reap what we sow. | B．The shortest answer is doing. |
| C．All things are difficult before they are easy. | D．Actions speak louder than words. |
| A．The oceans become choked with plastic. | B．Ocean plastic is a global issue. |
| C．Blue Planet II has left viewers heartbroken. | D．Plastics gain in popularity all over the world. |
6 . With a rise in the number of allergies and worries over exposure to chemicals, more people are looking for alternative ways to clean their homes. To this end, some people are turning to the use of garbage enzyme (酶)--a concentrated liquid produced from fruit and vegetable waste. Garbage enzyme can be easily produced in the home, and has many uses, including as a cleansing agent, insect killer and even shampoo.
At the same time, it is hoped that the production and use of garbage enzyme will help reduce household waste and encourage people to take the initiative in sorting their trash.
The concept of using home-produced enzymes entered China several years ago when a special bucket imported from Japan was promoted by some health experts as a means of making healthy drinks. While the effectiveness of the enzyme drink remains unproven, garbage enzyme has been shown to be effective as an agent for cleaning toilets and floors, and as a fertilizer for plants.
Making wet garbage into an enzyme solution has been practiced in Southeast Asian countries for decades, greatly reducing household waste and protecting the environment by reducing the use of bleach (漂白剂) and other strong chemicals. Many people have realized that chemicals do harm to human body and the more garbage enzyme they make, the more good it does to the environment.
Any reduction in the volume of household garbage will benefit the city. Shanghai produces the largest amount of garbage than any other city in China. It is also home to the largest refuse landfill in Asia, the Laogang Refuse Landfill in Pudong New Area, which occupies a total area of about 30 square kilometers. It is struggling to accommodate all of the city's garbage, with a fifth phase under construction. The landfill and its surrounding areas are heavily polluted, something that nearby residents have been complaining about for years. The process of making enzyme solution consumes wet garbage. This means residents don't produce wet garbage after they start to make garbage enzyme. They even find the amount of wet garbage produced by their families is insufficient, so that they have to ask for garbage from their neighbors. Another advantage is that producing garbage enzyme encourages people to think more about garbage separation — something the local government has been trying to encourage but which still is not practiced by some residents.
1. Which of the following belongs to the usage of garbage enzyme?| A．Making plants more fragrant. |
| B．Creating materials to clean houses. |
| C．Producing effective healthy drinks. |
| D．Reducing the amount of dry garbage. |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Ambiguous. | C．Favorable. | D．Skeptical. |
| A．It will force people to ask for more garbage from their neighbors. |
| B．It will prevent people from using chemicals to clean their houses. |
| C．It will shelter people from household garbage pollution for good and all. |
| D．It will make people take garbage separation seriously before dumping it. |
| A．The threat of constructing more landfills. |
| B．How to classify garbage wisely and practically. |
| C．How to make garbage enzyme at home successfully. |
| D．The practice of turning leftover into a household product. |
7 . Going green seems to be fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2011,we decided to be green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic (有机的) stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planets.
1. What might be the best title for the passage?| A．Going Green. | B．Protecting the Planet. |
| C．Keeping Open-Minded | D．Celebrating Our Green Year. |
| A．they were expected to follow the green fad |
| B．they didn’t know how to educate other people |
| C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy |
| D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks |
| A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits. |
| B．They ignore others’ ungreen behavior. |
| C．They chose better chemical cleaners. |
| D．They sold their home-made food. |
| A．The government will give support to the green people. |
| B．The couple may continue their project in the future. |
| C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas. |
| D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign. |
