Antarctica is the center of important scientific research. However, with an increasing number of day, scientists have to leave their work to greet a group of tourists who are taking a vacation in this continent of ice. Even though their desire to enjoy this vast and beautiful landscape can be appreciated, Antarctica should be closed to tourists.
Tourists in Antarctica can damage scientific research and hurt the environment. When tourist groups come, they take scientists away from their research. The work is difficult and some of the projects can be damaged by such simple mistakes as opening the wrong door or knocking against a small piece of equipment. In addition, tourists in Antarctica can also hurt the environment. Members of Greenpeace, one of the world’s leading environmental organizations, complain tourists leave trash on beaches and disturb the plants and animals. In a place as frozen as Antarctica, it can take one hundred years for a plant to grow back.
The need to protect Antarctica from tourists becomes even greater when we consider the fact that there is no government here. Antarctica belongs to no country. Who is making sure that the penguins, plants and sea are safe? No one is responsible. It is true that the number of tourists who visit Antarctica each year is smaller compared to the number of those who visit other places. However, these other places are controlled by local governments. They have an interest in protecting their natural environments. Who is concerned about the environment of Antarctica? The scientist, to be sure, but not necessarily the tour companies that make money from sending people south.
If we don’t protect Antarctica from tourism, there may be serious consequences for us all. We might lose the results of scientific research projects. It’s possible that these results could teach us something important about the causes and effects of climate change. Some fragile plants and animals might die and disappear forever. This could damage the balance of animal and plant life in Antarctica. We know from past experience that when things get unbalanced, harmful changes can occur.
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1.为什么我们需要保护地球;
2.我们应该如何保护地球。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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3 . A leaked IPCC draft reports, “Widespread use across millions of square kilometers globally of tree-planting and bioenergy crops could have potentially serious consequences for food security and land degradation (退化).” In other words, more massive monocultures (单种栽培) and more bioenergy crops, fueled by more fertilizers, could damage the structure of the environmental soil and its capacity to absorb carbon.
Everyone knows that to help ease the increasing climate crisis, we need to plant new trees. It’s said that the earth could support an additional 9,000,000 square kilometers of forest, potentially hosting 500 billion trees capable of capturing more than 200 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide at maturity. It would be a serious help to the environment.
Bioenergy now holds a 50 percent share of the world’s renewables consumption—as much as hydro, wind, solar and all others combined. It’s good news, but not entirely. If we consider that increasing desertification and rising ocean levels will take away more arable (可耕种的) land, we arrive at a crucial “trilemma”(三难困境). Should we use our spare soil for agriculture, reforestation or bioenergy?
Such a question would make sense in a multilateral, harmonious world, not on a planet where the richest country cancels an environment-saving agreement, thus encouraging the most tropically-forested nation to set about cutting trees.
Last year, 36,000 square kilometers of forest was cut down. Wouldn’t it be better to start by stopping deforestation altogether? Animal farming takes up 77 percent of the world’s arable land and provides us with 18 percent of the calories. Shouldn’t we cut back on global meat consumption? Modern bioenergy is already available. Shouldn’t we get rid of first-generation biofuels, which are produced from food crops?
1. What’s the IPCC’s attitude to the widespread planting?A.Ambiguous | B.Positive | C.Disapproving | D.Uncaring |
A.Add some background information. | B.Summarize the previous paragraphs. |
C.Provide some advice for the readers. | D.Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
A.There is less sustainable energy for use. |
B.No more land is available for bioenergy. |
C.More trees are cut in the richest country. |
D.Bioenergy can cause more climate problems. |
A.Developing farmland as much as possible. |
B.Planting trees to prevent global warming. |
C.Using bioenergy to reduce environmental pollution. |
D.Protecting present resources instead of developing new ones. |
4 . Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.
“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”
1. What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific. | B.Credible. |
C.Original. | D.Relevant. |
A.worried | B.puzzled |
C.surprised | D.scared |
A.The signatories may change the biophysical limits. |
B.The author agrees with the message of the poem. |
C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized. |
D.The global collapse is well underway. |
5 . Every minute, every single day, the equivalent of a truckload of plastic enters our oceans. In the name of profit and convenience, corporations are literally choking (塞满) our planet with a substance that does not just “
Just over a decade ago, I launched the Story of Stuff to help shine a light on the ways we
The cycle is endless, and it happens countless times every single day. But here’s the
For years, we’ve been
Recycling alone will never stop the flow of plastics into our oceans; we have to get to the
Bag, cup and straw bans like those in Morocco, Iceland, Vancouver and some US cities are a great start, but also not enough. And while clean-up efforts are
Not long ago, we existed in a world without throwaway plastic, and we can thrive that way again. The world’s largest corporations—with all their profits and innovation labs—are well
A.pass by | B.go away | C.give in | D.turn around |
A.produce | B.pursue | C.consume | D.clear |
A.desires | B.purchases | C.profits | D.varieties |
A.needless | B.attractive | C.complete | D.permanent |
A.significance | B.relief | C.instance | D.challenge |
A.originates from | B.ends up | C.relates to | D.goes beyond |
A.thrilled | B.frustrated | C.convinced | D.concerned |
A.skillfully | B.randomly | C.simply | D.precisely |
A.difference | B.proposal | C.discovery | D.choice |
A.complexity | B.analysis | C.presence | D.source |
A.mopping | B.screaming | C.complaining | D.regretting |
A.Otherwise | B.Besides | C.However | D.Therefore |
A.enthusiasm | B.responsibility | C.preference | D.demand |
A.inadequate | B.helpful | C.voluntary | D.fruitless |
A.educated | B.acknowledged | C.established | D.positioned |
6 . Pollution
Pollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances(物质).Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars.
Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料)These include coal, oil and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things
Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump(倾倒) garbage and dirty water into river, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.
Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories.
Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment
A.Farmers use chemical to help crops grow. |
B.This type of pollution may be seen in big cities. |
C.They also can harm fish and other forms of life. |
D.These chemicals can spread to plants and animals. |
E.In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming. |
F.There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land. |
G.Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels. |
7 . Space is where our future is — trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that apart from comets (彗星) and stars, there is little else out there.
The first piece of space junk was created in the year of 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating.
The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage travelling spaceship. In addition to this, many pieces of junk may crash with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth.
A.Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations. |
B.The junk floats slowly around the Earth. |
C.However, since our space journey started, we have left much trash (垃圾) in space. |
D.It is said that there are now over 500,000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at speeds of up to 17, 500 miles per hour. |
E.It lost its connection with the ground centre. |
F.To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky. |
G.It hasn’t result in any serious problems up to now. |
1.政府部门在拯救濒危野生动物上采取的措施。(至少举一个列子)
2.作为一个学生,在日常生活中你如何去保护野生动物。(至少举2个例子)
注意:1.词数:100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。
Ladies and gentlemen,
Good evening.My name is Li Hua.I am from Class 1 Grade One.
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Thanks for listening!
1.简述城市空气污染的危害;
2.提出解决该问题的建议:
(1)尽量少开车;(2)不随地扔垃圾;(3)关闭一些工厂;……
3.发出号召。
注意:1.词数:100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头与结尾已为你写好,但不计入总词数。
Dear teachers and students,
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Thank you!
The Student's Union