1 . As a result of pollution，Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.

Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms (生物体) to be affected are either plants or plankton(浮游生物). But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures.When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realize what is happening.

Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage (污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗涤剂) is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water bird, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead (铅).

So, if we want to stop this pollution，the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water.It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.

1. Pollution of water is noticed ________.

A．when the first organisms are affected

B．when a good many fish and birds die

C．when poisonous things are poured into water

D．as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed

2. The living things die because there is no_____in the lakes or rivers.

A．water	B．waste
C．poison	D．oxygen

3. Which of the following is harmful according to the passage?

A．Organisms.

B．Plants and plankton in the water.

C．Waste water from cities.

D．Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water.

4. The way to stop water pollution is to ________.

A．realize the serious situation clearly

B．put oxygen into the water

C．make the waste harmless before it flows into the water

D．make special room in the sea for our rubbish

2 . A team of scientists has come up with a plan to help rebuild the Arctic (北极) ice cap.

Usually, the sea ice gets thicker and spreads further each winter, but this hasn't happened for the past few years.

Last month, the ice cap had reached its smallest size since scientists began keeping a record of it 38 years ago. The weather in the Arctic has been unusually warm this winter. Some days, temperatures have been 20 degrees Celsius higher than before at this time of year. With less ice, the Arctic would warm up even more quickly, and more ice would melt (融化). Without sea ice, many animals would lose their natural homes.

Dr Steven Desch and a group of scientists from Arizona State University in the United States think they can help to build up Arctic sea ice again. They want to fix wind-powered pumps (抽水机) on the sea ice. During the winter, the pumps would spread water from the ocean over the surface of the ice where it would freeze and form a new layer of ice. The scientists say that in 10 years, this could add a metre of ice to the ice cap.(The                    Arctic ice cap is about two to three metres thick right now.)

The plan would require about 10 million pumps and it would be very expensive—about $655 billion. Some other scientists are wondering if the pumps would actually work in cold Arctic conditions. They are also worried about how the project might affect the environment.

Dr Desch and his team hoped their plan would get more people interested in looking for a solution to the problem of melting sea ice. He said the only plan people have right now is to try to cut greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放) from cars and other man-made sources. He and his team don't think that will be enough to save the sea ice, but hope it will get everyone moving in the right direction.

1. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?

A．The changes of Arctic weather.

B．The history of the Arctic ice cap.

C．The influence of the weather on the Arctic.

D．The importance of sea ice to Arctic animals.

2. How will the scientists’ plan help the Arctic?

A．By thickening the Arctic ice.

B．By cutting pollution in the Arctic.

C．By pumping sea water to the land.

D．By making the Arctic attractive to wildlife.

3. What is the attitude of scientists mentioned in Paragraph 5 to the plan?

A．Hopeful.	B．Doubtful.
C．Uncaring.	D．Surprised.

4. What do Dr Desch and his team think of their plan?

A．It will surely work.

B．It needs discussing.

C．It is better than the present method.

D．It will encourage others to take steps.

3 . Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature. It's a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “go dark”.     1    

It's true that turning off lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power.    2    On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of climate change and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature.

But on another level, a large number of people’s acting together sends a powerful message to governments and companies.     3     They begin considering green issues when big decisions.

The logo(标识) of Earth Hour is “60+” .The number 60 is for the 60 minutes of Earth Hour.     4     In fact, people who join in Earth Hour say that taking part makes them want to do more for the environment.

    5     Musicians give concerts by playing acoustic(原声的) instruments instead of electric ones, and using candles instead of electric lights. Celebrity chefs have created special recipes for families to prepare and eat by candlelight. Tree-planting sessions, group walks and runs are also among the options.

A．But this is only the beginning.

B．Earth Hour represents every hour of every day.

C．After all, everyone has to answer for what they have done.

D．Besides turning off the lights, people get involved in other events.

E．It pushes them to take urgent measures by making changes to policies.

F．That is, they switch off all unnecessary lights at the same time for one hour.

G．The plus invites people to continue their action even after Earth Hour is finished.

4 . Many companies today hold meetings to discuss their new plans.As people are paying more attention to the environment problems,more companies are looking for ways to reduce their bad influence on the environment.Many of them achieve this by using web meeting.

    1     It’s an easy way of hosting and attending a meeting.Participants (与会者) don’t have to leave the office.Each of them will receive an invitation with the meeting time and date on it.When the meeting is ready to begin,they must sit before their computers.

With web meeting,all participants can attend the meeting at their own desks.    2     As a result,no fuel (燃料) is used and less time is taken up in attending a web meeting.

Materials for the meeting are e-mailed to all the participants before it begins.    3     For the company,this not only saves the use of paper but also greatly reduces the mailing cost.

As a meeting hall is not used,the only power for a web meeting is the power that is used by the computers.Besides,organisers don’t have to pay for food and accommodation (住宿) for the participants.    4    .

In a word,web meeting is a cheaper,greener,and more friendly way of hosting and attending a meeting.    5     So they can more easily find their working partners who have the same green ideas.In return,they develop good relationship with other companies and improve their business.

A．Web meeting is a technology that allows people to communicate better over the Internet.

B．All these mean that less energy is used.

C．Then participants can just read them on the screen.

D．Companies that hold web meeting are willing to work hard for a better environment.

E．They can be printed (打印) by the receivers.

F．They don’t need to drive a car to travel to and from the meeting.

G．Web meeting is quite popular now.

5 . China has made great improvements in environmental protection during the past 70 years.     1     Each species (物种) on Earth has a role to play in the ecosystem.

In recent decades, a series of wildlife-protection movements have been carried out by the central government.     2     The giant panda and the crested ibis are among these success stories.

The giant panda used to have a population of 1,114 in the 1970s. It now totals 1,864 thanks to 52 protection areas.     3     By the end of last year, seven of the nine pandas released had survived in the wild.     4     In 1981, only seven crested ibises were found in Yang County, Shaanxi Province.Since then, breeding programs have helped the population reach 2,000. China has even sent crested ibises to Japan and South Korea in recent years to help with the species’ survival.

    5     Key projects will be continually carried out to improve protection, including making the lists of wild animals and plants under state protection, and fighting against illegal wildlife trade.

A．As environmental damage has increased, signs of change have appeared around the world.

B．Another species was once thought to be extinct.

C．Scientists have worked to feed pandas and then release them into the wild.

D．People call for immediate protection of the remaining species.

E．The protection of several species in danger of extinction has made impressive progress thanks to the methods.

F．China will continue its efforts of the wildlife protection.

G．Protecting wildlife is, without doubt, an important part.

6 . Reducing plastic waste isn't easy because the cheap material is found in almost every household item. Now, a delicious and nutritious solution has come up to help reduce our dependence on this environmental hazard.

David Christian, the co-founder of Evoware, says the idea of creating the biodegradable (生物降解的) products came from concern at the country’s high pollution rate. Indonesia is home to four of the world's worst polluted rivers. Since single-use packaging is a large contributor to the problem, Evoware decided to deal with that first.

After investigating various materials, the company settled on seaweed. Unlike corn, commonly used for biodegradable containers, seaweed does not require resources like water or large amounts of space. Since Indonesian farmers already harvest more seaweed than they can sell, it's easy for the company to find the material.

Though they will not reveal their production process, Evoware says the seaweed packaging contains no chemicals and is safe to consume. The company has also invented single-use cups, which can break down 30 days after they're thrown away.

While replacing plastic with the seaweed products may seem appealing to most of us, it is a hard-sell in Indonesia. According to Christian, ''The awareness to reduce single-use plastic is still very low. This makes our bioplastic unnecessary.” Also a factor is the cost, which is higher than using plastic. Hopefully, Evoware will succeed in convincing Indonesians and people worldwide that switching to their products will be helpful to protecting our beautiful planet.

1. What problem did Evoware decide to deal with first?

A．Ways to clean the four worst polluted rivers.

B．What nutritious materials for people to use.

C．How to deal with single-use packaging.

D．Means to contribute to the country's economy.

2. Why did Evoware choose seaweed?

A．It didn't require much space and was easy to get.

B．It could be found everywhere in his country.

C．It was most commonly used for packaging.

D．It grew thickly in most of the polluted rivers.

3. What can we infer from Christian's words?

A．Their seaweed products have won government support.

B．Sometimes it's hard to get people to reduce the use of plastics.

C．Their new products have received worldwide popularity.

D．The cost of making seaweed products will be lowered soon.

4. What does the underlined word ''hard-sell'' in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．Something lasting long.	B．Something hard to accept.
C．Something easy to get.	D．Something commonly seen.

7 . Earth Day falls on 22 April and it began in 1970. It has grown into a global event recognized by over 192 countries. Devoting a special day to helping Earth is a way to demonstrate how much we care about the future of our planet. If you like, there's always a way for you to get involved in Earth Day celebrations. But you don’t have to wait for Earth Day to show your love for the planet we call home.The following are what you can do for our mother Earth.

Learn more about the environment.

Earth Day is a good time to make a commitment to learning more about the environment and how you can help to protect it. Read articles to get up to date on the current issues affecting the environment,like pollution, water shortage and climate change. Or, learn about a region you’ve never thought about before, like the Arctic, the deserts or the rainforests. Not sure where to start? Check out your local news sources for information about environmental issues in your own backyard.

Join an environmental group.

Think about the issues that concern you the most and if you haven't done so already, join a local group that undertakes activities to help protect the environment in your area. Earth Day is a great day to start getting involved In almost any community, you'll find local groups that do the following.

Host clean-ups of local rivers, lakes or seashores.

Plant trees and grow flowers or vegetables in community gardens.

Protect wildlife habitats under threat.

Spread the word

Everyone who has environmental knowledge can share with others. It's a good way to talk about the environment with people who may not think about it that much. Talk to your parents, friends,teachers, siblings, and anyone else you'd like to know about the issues you care about most.

1. The underlined word"demonstrate"in paragraph 1 can be replaced by “______”.

A．display

B．make sure

C．lead to

D．throw light on

2. According to the passage, we can get involved in the following activities EXCEPT______.

A．checking out local news

B．planting trees in community gardens

C．sharing environmental knowledge with others

D．using public transport like buses

3. The author writes this passage mainly to_______.

A．tell us what we can do to protect Earth

B．inform us of the information about Earth Day

C．tell us the background of Earth Day

D．tell us the significance of Earth Day

8 . A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found.

Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities. The new study represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution.

Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace." The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike or on foot.

One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as "deadheading," takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle.

Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate (夸大）the effects of their services on pollution. Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report and that the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing. Meanwhile, the company said it would work directly with cities to address climate changes, promoting sharing trips and other means of transportation.

1. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Ride-sharing becomes a new trend that can’t be avoided.

B．Ride-sharing industry is met with criticism.

C．Ride-sharing services increase pollution.

D．Ride-sharing services need improvement.

2. The term “deadheading” in the passage refers to ________.

A．a driving process where the driver is not carrying passengers

B．a potential risk that the driver may lose control of the vehicle

C．a period of driving hours when vehicles produce more carbon dioxide

D．a situation in which a driver has too many passengers to pick up

3. In the eyes of Uber, the latest report is actually________.

A．barking up the wrong tree	B．not seeking the truth from facts
C．killing two birds with one stone	D．beating around the bush

4. From the study of ride-sharing services, we can infer that ________.

A．Ride-sharing attracts exactly the same number of people as traditional means of transport.

B．the study was conducted to prove the influence of ride-sharing services on modern cities

C．ride-sharing service is not an environmentally friendly way to travel

D．the new report has forced Uber to make big changes to achieve its goal

9 . 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Earlier 2019,the International Center for Integrated Mountain Development published    1    most comprehensive analysis up to now of how climate change will affect the glaciers of the world,    2    (warn) that about 18,00 glaciers(冰川) will disappear by 2100.

This is a bad    3    (predict) for some 1.9 billion South Asians,    4     use water from the glaciers not only for drinking but also for agriculture, hydroelectric power,and tourism. But the survey also looked at an immediate question: As the glaciers     5    (rapid) melt, where will all the water—more than a quadrillion gallons of it, almost the amount    6    (contain) in Lake Huron—go?

The answer is that the Himalaya, for example, long defined by    7    (it) glaciers,is becoming a mountain range defined by lake. In fact, another study found that from 1990 to 2010, more than 900 new glaciers-fed lakes     8    (form) across Asia's high mountain ranges.Because of those remote locations scientists must rely    9    satellites to count them ,and new lakes appear to be growing so quickly that it's difficult for scientific teams to agree on the precise number. I's all happening much    10    ( fast) than we expected it to even five or ten years ago.

10 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.

Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. It generally arises from two related causes. The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They have been completely buried by the sand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.

The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. This means that the wrong crops are planted and need more water than is available. Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.

It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.

What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously first steps are to find new water sources. Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.

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