1 . 随着人们环保意识的提高，越来越多的人选择低碳生活（low-carbon lifestyle）。假设你是校英语协会主席李华，请写一篇英语倡议书，从出行、购物、用水、用电四个方面倡议同学们选择低碳生活。   
注意：
1．词数；l20左右；     
2．开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数：
3．参考词汇：排放emission

Dear fellow students,

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Dear fellow students, let's take action right now!

2 . Summers around the world are already warmer than they used to be, and they are going to get dramatically hotter by the century’s end if carbon pollution continues to rise. That problem will be felt most acutely in cities.

The world’s rapidly growing population coupled with the urban “heat island” effect, which can make cities up to 7.8℃ warmer than the countryside, adds up to a recipe for dangerous and potentially deadly heat.
Currently, about 54 percent of the world’s population lives in cities, and by 2050 the urban population is expected to have grown by 2.5 billion people. As those cities get hotter, weather patterns may shift and make extreme heat even more common. That will, in turn, threaten public health and the economy.
Under the high-pollution situation, currently mild Ottawa, Canada could have the tropical climate of Belize City by 2100. Mountainous Kabul, Afghanistan could feel like coastal Colombo, India. Already hot Cairo, Egypt could feel like its sweltering (闷热的) neighbor, Abu Dhabi.
The average land temperature is projected to rise 4.8℃, but due to the differences in geography, some cities will warm much more. Sofia, Bulgaria is predicted to have the biggest overall temperature shift, with temperatures rising nearly 8.4℃ by 2100. That would make its summers more like in Egypt.
The average summer temperature in Khartoum, Sudan is projected to skyrocket to 44.1℃ if carbon pollution continues to be unchecked. That shift emphasizes that unless carbon pollution is limited, the planet could be headed toward a state that humans have never experienced.

Dealing with less extreme heat makes adaptation easier and less expensive, and given that choice, perhaps it’s no surprise cities are leading the charge on climate change. They face the worst impacts of extreme heat and are home to billions. That’s why thousands of mayors from around the world have banded together and promised to reduce their emissions. That includes lots of U.S. cities committing to meet the Paris Agreement goals after President Trump announced he was pulling the U.S. out of the agreement.

1. What may happen by the end of the century according to the passage?

A．Carbon pollution will be worse and worse.

B．The world’s population living in cities will decline.

C．The temperature in cities will be too high to bear in summer.

D．The economy and population will be impacted severely by pollution.

2. Which city mentioned in the passage will have the greatest climate change?

A．Ottawa, Canada.	B．Sofia, Bulgaria.
C．Khartoum, Sudan.	D．Kabul, Afghanistan

3. The underlined word “skyrocket” in the sixth paragraph probably means “      ”.

A．rise rapidly.	B．change gradually
C．reverse completely	D．drop naturally

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Dealing with the climate problems right now is hard and expensive.

B．Officials are unwilling to deal with climate change.

C．Extreme heat will have no impact on the climate in the countryside.

D．Many U.S. cities are dealing with climate problems actively.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Growing numbers of travelers are deciding not     1    (fly) in order to help save the planet even if it means     2    (spend) days on a train. The no-fly movement is small but many    3    have joined it think it will eventually receive       4     same attention as the no-plastic or less-meat movements because of flying’s 2%     5    (contribute) to carbon emissions, which they say could rise to 16% by 2050. Some supporters suggest that people should fly no more than once per year and any further flights should be taxed. Critics of the movement, however, argue that most flying is done by small numbers of people when     6    (compare)to other forms of transport and so flying is an easy target. Much more environmental damage is done by cars they argue. But people won’t target     7     (driver) because the majority of people drive. In addition, the no-fly movement     8     (lead) by people who don’t really need to travel very far and have plenty     9     free time to spare. Most people who fly, they say,     10    (rare) have time to spend extra days getting to destinations and employers are unlikely to give employees extra time off so they can be kind to the environment.

4 . Water keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.

About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced nay Zero-the day when all its dams would he dry.

Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发)from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.

All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.

To address this issue, what can be done? First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米).

Experts are looking at ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking at ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.

1. What can we know from Paragraph 2?

A．A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.

B．Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.

C．Underground water should he used to meet the water demand.

D．Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.

2. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A．Rainfall is not as steady as before.	B．Climate change may lead to water shortages.
C．The water supply relies more on rainfall.	D．Hotter weather changes the water demand.

3. What can farmers do to deal with water shortage?

A．Plug leaks in the water distribution system.	B．Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.
C．Reduce the number of people in the cities.	D．Grow less-water consumption crops instead.

4. What will be discussed if the passage continues?

A．How to prevent from climate change.	B．How to inspire people to save water.
C．How to recycle wastewater in cities.	D．How to make people get access to clean water.

5 . 假定你是李华，是校报的英语小记者。最近，你校组织开展“创建绿色校园”活动。请你针对这一活动，以“Building a Green Campus”为题写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.创建绿色校园的意义
2.一些校园浪费的现象
3.建绿色校园的建议并发出倡议
注意：1.词数120左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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6 . As most people know, in the last few years, sandstorms have swept across many cities and areas of North China, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. People look dirty and suffer many kinds of illnesses, such as breath difficulty. The sandstorm is such a serious problem that it has not only weakened the industrial and agricultural development of our country but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people.

Therefore, effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to stop its happening. So how should we deal with the frightening sandstorms?

Some experts offer practical advice as follows: For one thing, more money ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection in order to keep more water on the Earth. For another, government of all countries should make laws on environment protection. For example, banning the use of throw-away chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting. Scientists should also study and find ways to lower the grade of its destruction and to improve the environment. As for some schools, education about sandstorms should be spread properly and timely to make more and more people attach great importance to this problem.

How people look forward to sunny days with soft wind touching their faces now and forever! The golden days can come back so long as we try our best to protect the natural environment from today on. And the fact is that what I expect is not just a dream. There are some sweet fruits from the early efforts.

1. What’s the first paragraph mainly about?

A．Bad influences sandstorms bring.

B．Ways to protect the environment.

C．The biggest cause of sandstorms.

D．The fast development of China.

2. How many ways to deal with sandstorms are mentioned by some experts?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

3. What can we infer from the text?

A．The damage sandstorms cause can never be avoided.

B．The author has confidence in fighting against sandstorms.

C．The author is unsure about the future of the environment.

D．The improvement of the environment is especially relaxing.

4. What will the author probably write about in the following part?

A．Why people should always carry on with dreams.

B．A bright world with no sandstorms anymore.

C．How to realize our dream to live a happy life.

D．Successful examples of stopping sandstorms.

7 . A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16 ℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.

In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源): land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.

There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.

Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than l% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.

1. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they       .

A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere

B．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth

C．bring about high rainfall throughout the world

D．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16 ℃

2. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?

A．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.

B．People have a strong desire for resources.

C．We will lose much more than we can gain.

D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.

3. What might be the best title for the text?

A．Rainforests and the Environment

B．How to Save Rainforests

C．How to Protect Nature

D．Rainforests and Medical Development

8 . A green roof is a roof of a building that is covered with vegetation over a waterproof membrane (防水膜). It is a proper method of growing plants on the roof and does not refer to the mere green color of the roof. People benefit a lot from these green roofing systems, and they are gaining popularity day by day.
Human beings have occupied major areas of land and transformed them into huge buildings, which has severely affected the environment and the natural habitat of bird and insects. Green roofing compensates for that. It creates a natural habitat for creatures like bees, grasshoppers and other insects.
Modern roofs need a lot of energy to control the temperatures in winter and summer. However, green roofs reduce the amount of energy required for controlling temperatures, thus making them energy-efficient. As green roofing is highly energy-efficient, it can act as a encouragement for people who are interested in green roofing systems and their benefits. It will increase the market value of the building and fetch the owner a great share of profit.
As the vegetation requires a water supply, there is a inbuilt water preservation layer in the green roof system. This layer helps to keep the rainwater. It makes full use of the rainwater and prevents wastage. During heavy rains, the water runs off the flat roof. The green roof prevents this overflow by slowing down the volume of running water.
Green roofs can compensate for the lost greenery in urban areas and increase the artistic value of an area. Your building will look beautiful, coated with green vegetation. Green roofs can serve as local community garden and create a natural atmosphere, giving physical and psychological benefits like reducing stress levels in people and keeping them physically fit. Besides, people can start their own small-scale cultivation (栽培) and experience the pleasure
of gardening.
1. What do we know about a green roof?

A．It is painted green for a specific purpose

B．It uses solar energy to produce electricity

C．it is designed for kids to enjoy themselves

D．it is covered with grass, flowers or other plants

2. Mr. Black who owns two buildings is interested in the green roofing system probably because_____.

A．it can solve the problem of air pollution

B．it produces more energy to power the buildings

C．it creates natural habitats for birds and insects

D．it can save him spending a lot of money on energy

3. How do the plants on green roofs get watered?

A．Rainwater is often kept in the green roof system for later use

B．They mainly make use of the wasted water in people’s lives

C．The plants on green roofs usually need little water

D．People have to water the plants from time to time

4. According to the last paragraph, a green roof is a place _____.

A．where people can get close to nature

B．where people can relax and enjoy gardening

C．where people can hold all kinds of activities

D．where people can stay away from the city life