1 . 在过去的几年中，我们已经目睹了人类活动引起的各种灾害。作为一名中学生，请你写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关注这些自然灾害并保护环境，内容包括：
1. 举出人类活动引发的灾害的实例；
2. 提出一些必要的防范措施；
3. 发出倡议，号召大家行动起来拯救地球。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
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3 . Getting rid of(丢弃) old tyres(轮胎) has long been a problem. Every year many tyres are thrown. Some of the ways might be better than getting rid of them, but they are not especially green.

Energy recovery(回收利用) is one common way. This includes burning tyres to produce electricity, or as a way to provide heat for other industrial processes. But that produces planet-warming pollution. Tyres can be whole or broken in construction projects, such as repairing roads. There are, however, worries about chemicals from the tyres coming out and polluting the ground.

So some companies have begun exploring another pleasing idea. Since tyres are mostly made from hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物), it should be possible in principle to turn old tyres into environmentally friendly materials which can be used to run some cars they came from. One of the most thoughtful companies is based in Oslo, Norway. Later this year the company will start building a huge tyre-reused factory in Sunderland in northeastern England. In a couple of years, when the factory is fully operational, it will be able to turn 8 million old tyres into new products.

The process works by dividing a tyre into its three main parts. One is steel, which is used to support the structure of a tyre and which can be easily reused. The second is powder used to improve the continuous use of the tyre. The third is rubber. Some of that will be natural rubber from the rubber trees. The carbon black can be reused to make new tyres. That is of interest to tyre makers because it helps efforts to become carbon neutral(碳中和).

1. What is the disadvantage of energy recovery of tyres mentioned in the text?

A．It is unpractical.	B．It produces pollution.
C．It costs a lot.	D．It produces less electricity.

2. How is paragraph 3 organized?

A．By giving an example.	B．By making questions.
C．By following time order.	D．By comparing differences.

3. Which of the following best describes the huge tyre-reused factory?

A．Costly.

B．Useful.

C．Dangerous.

D．Short-lived.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Tyres can be divided into three parts

B．A company built a tyre-reused factory

C．Energy recovery can deal with old tyres

D．Old tyres can become environmentally friendly materials

4 . Want to eat healthy and also save the planet?     1     Making simple substitutions, such as switching from beef to chicken or drinking plant-based milk instead of cow’s milk, would help both the planet and your health.

How do our food choices affect climate change?

Food production accounts for about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.     2     Swapping out “high-emission” food and replacing it with “low-emission” food reduces the amount of greenhouse gases needed to grow, process, transport, distribute, prepare, consume and dispose of that food.

In each of four food groups — protein, mixed dishes, dairy and beverage — researchers looked at foods that disproportionately contribute to greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming.     3     Finally, they calculated what the impact would be both for an individual’s carbon footprint and for the country’s if the dietary changes were made. By doing this, it will be pretty easy for people to adopt the new dishes because they will be pretty similar to what they are currently eating.

Top foods to swap out

USA TODAY asked if there is one specific food (or food group) that would be most recommended to be swapped out of.     4     Replacing beef with poultry or vegetarian items was particularly impactful, but other options include replacing juice with whole fruit and replacing dairy milk with nondairy milks like soy or almond milk.     5     Even replacing just one serving per day or one serving per week can add up to meaningful benefits.

A．If universally adopted, the recommended changes would lower the nation’s dietary carbon footprint.

B．The team then matched each of these environmentally unfriendly foods to a similar option with a far lower carbon footprint.

C．The good news is that there are many options for small changes to make to reduce your carbon footprint and improve your diet.

D．A drastic change in your diet isn’t necessary to make a significant difference.

E．You don’t have to make these changes all the time to make a difference.

F．This means that changing what we eat can reduce greenhouse gas and carbon pollution.

G．If you are a person who make the changes that we propose, you’re likely to see the benefits you want.

5 . Human activities are making the globe saltier, specifically in our soils, fresh water and air, according to a study released this week in the journal Nature Reviews Earth & Environment.

Salt pollution isn’t some flashy threat to our existence — like, say, a meteor hitting Earth — but the issue is gravely overlooked and is a “sleeping giant”, said Sujay Kaushal, lead author of the study. Over the past 50 years, salt have increased in streams and rivers as people have begun using and producing more salts. The team found that across the globe, about 2.5 billion acres of soil — an area about the size of the United States — have become saltier.

Most people think of salt as the white specks we put in our food or the salt in the oceans, chemically known as sodium chloride (NaCl). That sodium salt can also be found in detergents (去污剂), other household products and more, but there are many different salts, including calcium, magnesium and other ions used in additional products — and they’re all increasing in places where they don’t normally occur.

Salt is a natural and necessary component of Earth. The compound is brought to the surface slowly over long geological time scales, through natural processes such as weathering of sedimentary (沉积而成的) rocks. When exposed at the surface, the salt can mix with water, be transported into water or go into the air. Living organisms, from plants to people, take up small portions to help regulate daily functions. Excess salt hitches a ride with water molecules, entering soil and the oceans. But human activities have altered this normal salt cycle in recent decades, the team found. Agriculture, mining, construction, water and road treatment, and other industrial activities are increasing the salt in our ground, freshwater systems and air.

Before this study, scientists didn’t really know how much humans were changing salt concentrations around the globe. But the “magnitude to which we have altered one of Earth’s natural cycles is alarming,” said ecologist Bill Hintz, who was not involved in the research. He agreed with the study’s authors that these changes to the salt cycle are an existential threat to freshwater supplies.

1. The underlined word “flashy” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by ________.

A．instant

B．serious

C．damaged

D．unsolved

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about salt?

A．People can only have access to sodium salt in daily life.

B．People intend to have a limited insight into salt.

C．Additional products are supposed to be banned.

D．Salts are increasing in the world scale.

3. What’s the normal salt cycle according to paragraph 4?

A．Forming as a compound — weathering of sedimentary rocks — consumed by living organisms

B．Coming into being in Earth naturally — being brought to the surface — combining with water — entering soil and oceans

C．Coming into being in Earth naturally — being transported to water and air — increased by human activities

D．Forming as a compound — removing excessive salt — entering soil and oceans

4. Which of the following words can best describe the study?

A．Inefficient.

B．Unreliable.

C．Brain-washing.

D．Ground-breaking.

6 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In July 2019, Shanghai became the first city in China     1     (make) household waste sorting (分类) compulsory (强制的). A number of other cities have followed in Shanghai’s footsteps by     2     (introduce) compulsory household and workplace rubbish sorting in the following years.     3     (actual), about 300 cities in China have carried out rubbish sorting programs at present, with a community coverage rate of 82.5%.

According to Hua Lei, a volunteer involved in rubbish sorting, the practice     4     (become) part of the daily lives of local residents (居民) over the past five years. Young people have played     5     important role in raising knowledge and educating the community, using creative     6     (way) such as short plays to teach older residents about rubbish sorting. Additionally, students     7     have learned about waste management at school have shared their knowledge     8     their families, further spreading the message.

Through these joint efforts, China is making progress in rubbish sorting and recycling. More residents     9     (encourage) to use rubbish sorting habits to contribute to a cleaner and     10     (good) living environment for its citizens.

8 . Few sights fill you with nostalgia (怀旧) like the fireflies dancing at night.     1    Their populations are declining around the world as the threats against them are increasing. Sara Lewis, an expert who studies the insects, offers tips on what you can do to ensure that fireflies will continue to light up your backyard.

Create a firefly habitat

    2     With about 2, 000 different species of fireflies, there’s a wide variety of environments in which they thrive (繁衍) —including wetlands, forests, and even city parks—which is why some species are more threatened than others. “You can recreate those conditions in your own backyard simply by leaving some leaf litter around the edges of your property, “ Lewis says. ”That’s a good microhabitat for fireflies.”

    3    

Flashing lights are an important part in fireflies life. As the sun sets, male fireflies move around while flashing their lights to signal their interest. If a nearby female is interested, she flashes back from her position to the ground, and the males fly down to find her. “All of that has to happen for the next generation to survive,” says Lewis. “However, light pollution makes those scenes much harder to see. It’s like cutting a phone line. It really stops the romance.     4    You can draw your curtains shut at night and turn off the lights completely when possible.”

Stop using pesticides (杀虫剂)

Using pesticides in your yard also poses an existential threat to fireflies, which are insects after all.     5    . Scientists are researching alternatives to chemical pesticides that could target specific species, like mosquitoes, while leaving other insects unharmed.

A．Reduce light pollution

B．Make a fire in the open air

C．Luckily, there are some solutions

D．But these beloved insects are in trouble

E．The living conditions of fireflies are getting better

F．The biggest threat facing fireflies today is the loss of their habitats

G．Most of the pesticides will kill less-beloved insects as well as fireflies

9 . 4 月 22 日是世界地球日(The World Earth Day)。假如你是英语校报的编辑李华，请你根据以下信息，在校报上给你的同学们写一封信，向大家介绍世界地球日，并倡议大家共同努力，改善我们生活的环境。
写作要点：
1. 介绍世界地球日；
(1)时间：每年的 4月22日；
(2)范围：全球;
(3)目的：提高人们对环境问题的认识。
2. 请对中学生如何改善我们生活的环境提出具体建议。
Dear classmates,

The World Earth Day is coming.

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Let’s protect our environment together!

Yours,

Li Hua