1 . Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for days. The biomedical engineer has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there in the name of
The submerged stay, if
During the project, Dituri is attempting to
Beyond research, the project is also a chance to promote ocean
“
A.reputation | B.freedom | C.science | D.entertainment |
A.publish | B.conduct | C.advertise | D.review |
A.necessary | B.convenient | C.accessible | D.successful |
A.forecast | B.document | C.imagine | D.relieve |
A.extended | B.busy | C.early | D.essential |
A.informed | B.persuaded | C.monitored | D.satisfied |
A.sensitive | B.subjected | C.familiar | D.restricted |
A.remember | B.realize | C.suppose | D.admit |
A.cautiously | B.intentionally | C.fearlessly | D.groundlessly |
A.costs | B.difference | C.practicality | D.benefits |
A.make for | B.hold over | C.refer to | D.depend on |
A.conservation | B.expansion | C.tourism | D.transport |
A.dampen | B.express | C.stimulate | D.appreciate |
A.Now that | B.In case | C.Provided that | D.Even if |
A.win | B.burden | C.shame | D.lesson |
2 . As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children.
Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification (沙漠化). “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated (巩固) her dream of fighting the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy (理念) into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
1. How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her?A.They made her decide to leave the country. |
B.They helped her better understand her father. |
C.They aroused her enthusiasm for helping others. |
D.They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. |
A.Low rainfall. | B.Soil pollution. | C.Cold weather. | D.Forest damage. |
A.To create job opportunities for young people. |
B.To help the children obtain a basic education. |
C.To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. |
D.To promote the protection of their farmland. |
A.Saving Water in Tunisia | B.Holding back the Sahara |
C.Planting Trees of Native Species | D.Fighting Poverty in North Africa |
China will establish a new batch of national parks, including Huanghekou, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu and Kalamayli, in a steady and
Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures
China’s national parks are specific land or sea areas
In 2021, China established the first batch of national parks, with
“The Sanjiangyuan park realized the full protection of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang
“Efforts
Years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the Tibet Autonomous Region’s counties,
This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region,
Importantly, in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure (基础设施) projects
5 . The amount of sea ice surrounding Antarctica has reached its lowest level since modern records began, for the second year in a row. Sea ice is frozen seawater that floats on the ocean’s surface around the planet’s polar regions. It forms at much lower sustained temperatures than freshwater ice does, at around-1.8 degrees Celsius. Sea ice builds up during the winter until it reaches its maximum extent, and then melts (融化) away in the spring and summer until it reaches its minimum extent.
In Antarctica, where summer and winter are relative to the Northern Hemisphere, sea ice normally reaches its maximum extent in September when sea ice covers around 7 million square miles. At its minimum extent at the end of February, historically only around I million square miles remains. Last year the minimum sea ice extent was less than 772, 000 square miles, the lowest total since scientists began recording sea ice extent with satellites in 1979. On 21 February this year, that number had reduced to just 691, 000 square miles, which is roughly 40 per cent less than the average between 1981 and 2010.
The record-breaking minimum was expected after an extraordinarily hot January which was the seventh-warmest since records began 174 years ago. “By the end of January, we could tell it was only a matter of time until the record was broken,” said Will Hobbs, an Antarctic sea ice expert at the University of Tasmania and the Australian Antarctic Program Partnership. Antarctica’s minimum sea ice extent will likely continue to decrease in the coming decades as global temperatures rise as a result of human-caused climate change and more multiyear ice, which acts as a seed for new ice growth, melts away.
Sea ice is crucial for polar predators(捕食性动物) such as penguins in Antarctica and polar bears in the Arctic, which use the ice as a platform for hunting. But the sea ice also helps stabilise ice on Antarctica. “Lower sea ice extent means that ocean waves will pound the coast of the giant ice sheet,further reducing ice shelves around Antarctic,” said Ted Scambos, a senior research scientist at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences.
1. What can we know about sea ice?A.It can be seen on any ocean’s surface. | B.It forms at about -1.8 ℃. |
C.It melts all the year round. | D.There is more sea ice than freshwater ice. |
A.There are two seasons in Antarctica. |
B.Scientists have been recording the change of sea ice. |
C.Sea ice in Antarctica has been on decline in the past decades. |
D.The ecology in Antarctica needs to be improved. |
A.The earth becomes warmer. | B.Multiyear ice disappears completely. |
C.Ocean waves destroy the giant ice sheet. | D.Human beings occupy Antarctica. |
A.Human activities have caused global warming |
B.Measures should be taken to stop sea ice decreasing |
C.Sea ice is significant for polar animals |
D.Antarctica’s sea ice reaches its lowest level since records began |
This year, August 15th marked China’s first National Ecology Day,
The establishment of National Ecology Day will enhance ecological understanding among the public and help the nation
The move
China’s laws and administrative regulations
7 . E-waste is a serious problem that isn’t going to get better on its own.
Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. Next time you feel like you need a device or electronic item, stop yourself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe also the easiest way we can manage e-waste.
If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be reused, donate it as soon as you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are a useful way to get tax deductions (减税), and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had you tried to sell it.
There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
If you are frequently receiving memory sticks and little gadgets, collect them into a good-e-bag.
A.Organize your electronics. |
B.Don’t buy too many gadgets. |
C.Take your electronics back to the store. |
D.Here are some do-it-yourself tips on how to manage e-waste. |
E.Donation means a lot for people who are in need of electronic devices. |
F.Your house will be cleaner, you will save money and you’ll be doing a good thing. |
G.Whenever you no longer need a USB stick or a small electronic device, toss it into the bag. |
8 . After being driven to near extinction, wolves are back in Washington state.
Wolf 32M, called The Old Guy by wolf specialist Ben Maletzke, lived some 12 years as the patriarch (族长) of the Teanaway Pack, kicking off the recovery of wolves in Washington. The pack’s territory was roasted by wildfire in 2014. But wolf 32M and his family remained in existence, bringing the call of the wild back for the first time in a century. These wolves are what Maletzke calls stepping stones in recovery — the animals that could help lead the way to new territory not yet repopulated by wolves.
Wolves spread to new territory to find mates and begin packs of their own. It is this pack dynamic that wildlife biologists are counting on, in time, to urge wolves into areas where they do not presently live. “We just need a couple to pick up and go,” Maletzke says.
All along, the Teanaway pack has stayed mostly out of trouble probably, helped by a lot of range riding (牧区巡逻) intended to help reduce conflicts over wolf recovery by keeping wolves away from cattle. “He is an example of wolves living and doing what they do, even around people,” Maletzke says of wolf 32M.
Story Warren, a student at the University of Montana, was just a girl when she first saw 32M’s tracks in the Teanaway River Valley — an exciting encounter that helped generate a serious interest in wildlife that now fuels her studies. To her, the return of the wolf is about more than the species; it is about recovering something even bigger: hope.
“Growing up in my generation, there is so much bad ecological news, a lot of hopelessness about climate change and loss of biodiversity and extinctions,” Warren says, “To have something as wild as wolves coming back to Washington is very encouraging for me — just to know such an amazing and powerful creature exists.”
1. Why does Maletzke call Wolf 32M family “stepping stones”?A.They are nearly dying out. | B.They are victims of wildfire. |
C.They are worth protection. | D.They are pioneers in wolf recovery. |
A.To present a result. | B.To clarify a concept. |
C.To offer an explanation. | D.To make a prediction |
A.Wolves face a lot of trouble. |
B.Wolf recovery counts on its population. |
C.Certain measures to ensure cattle safety are required. |
D.Wolves should be forbidden from human residence. |
A.It fuels more studies on wildlife. | B.It clears up bad ecological news. |
C.It worsens climate change. | D.It excites hope for the ecosystem. |
9 . Parks are the beating hearts of cities, providing crucial environments for wildlife of many sizes as well as areas of rest and recreation for local citizens. Accessible via public transport, and located near a university, a stadium and the National Library, Warsaw’s Pole Mokotowskie Park provides green space for many people.
One of the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s five pathways to transformative change for water management is to restore species population, ecosystems and the benefits that nature provides to people by using each city’s advantage. As more urban centres seek new ways to unite greenery into the built environment, projects of all sizes and stages add to essential corridors and stopping points for a range of wildlife.
Tasked with improving Warsaw’s Pole Mokotowskie Park’s natural sustainability, architecture company WXCA looked at ways of enhancing the elements that were already in place to better support wildlife. One of the most visible means was the removal of thousands of square metres of concrete (混凝土). Removing concrete in and around ponds and other waterways allows the city’s features to shape themselves naturally, in reaction to both the surrounding environment and the weather. Doing so can support biodiversity by removing artificial constraints and flows. More than 13,000 square metres of concrete has already been removed, with more removal planned over the next year.
For the human users of the park, the designers created education, activity, and art spaces. The Grand Salon, a grassland surrounded by trees, is for large public gatherings, and a handful of pavilions (亭) spread throughout the space provide visible means of monitoring the quality of the air and water. They also contribute to the park’s ecosystem through rainwater harvesting. As the temperature consistently rises, city planners are using the leaves and branches of the plants and mixed use designs to reduce heat islands, improve air quality and prevent urban runoff.
1. What do we know about Warsaw’s Pole Mokotowskie Park?A.It creates a new way to the city center. |
B.It serves different community groups. |
C.It reminds the public to protect the environment. |
D.It shows the locals are living happily. |
A.Providing stages to show off creativity. | B.Taking advantage of the city’s resources. |
C.Encouraging people to get close to nature. | D.Supplying various wildlife with more room. |
A.Limits. | B.Factors. | C.Methods. | D.Damages. |
A.By offering some shelters. | B.By collecting rainwater. |
C.By monitoring the air quality. | D.By reducing high temperature. |
10 . Gardeners who use pesticides are contributing to the decline of British songbirds, a study suggests. Scientists have urged people to stop “spraying their gardens with poisons” in order to halt bird decline and adopt instead wildlife-friendly practices. The results of the University of Sussex study, which researchers call the first of its kind, were published in the journal Science of the Total Environment.
The experiment, which surveyed 615 gardens in Britain, found 25% fewer house sparrows when glyphosate (草甘膦) was used regularly. This is an ingredient found in commonly used herbicide (除草剂) brands such as Roundup or Gallup. Slug pellets (鼻涕虫杀虫剂) also seemed to have an impact on bird sightings; in gardens where Slug pellets were used, house sparrow numbers were down by almost 40%.
Prof. Dave Goulson, of the school of life sciences at the University of Sussex, said, “The UK has 22 million gardens, which collectively could be a fantastic refuge for wildlife, but not if they are overly tidy and sprayed with poisons. We just don’t need pesticides in our gardens. Many towns around the world are now pesticide free. We should simply ban the use of these poisons in urban areas, following the example of France.” The Royal Horticultural Society, the UK’s leading gardening charity, said the use of pesticides and herbicides should be avoided if possible and they should only be used, if ever, in small and targeted applications.
The research also found that those who adopted wildlife-friendly practices such as planting native shrubs and flowers, or digging a wildlife pond, saw more birds than those who did not. Cannelle Tassin de Montaigu, a PhD researcher within the school of life sciences and an author of the study, said, “It’s encouraging to find that simple measures, such as planting native shrubs and trees and creating a pond, together with avoiding the use of pesticides, really make a measurable difference to the number of birds you will see in your garden.”
1. What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?A.Stop. | B.Attract. | C.Note. | D.Witness. |
A.To reveal the severe influence of pesticides on birds. |
B.To compare the effects of two kinds of pesticides. |
C.To convince readers of the importance of house sparrows. |
D.To help gardeners choose the proper pesticides. |
A.The ideal places for wildlife in the UK are extremely tidy gardens. |
B.The gardens in the UK are so tidy that pesticides are not needed. |
C.Pesticides should be prohibited from use throughout the UK. |
D.Some countries like France have made urban areas pesticide free. |
A.Alternative methods to keep gardens tidy. |
B.Assistant ways to increase the number of birds. |
C.Gardeners’ attitudes towards the experiment. |
D.Other researchers’ interest in the experiment. |