1 . Conservation scientist Kim Williams-Guillen was trying her best to come up with a way to save endangered sea turtles (海龟) from egg thieves when she had an “aha” moment: If she placed a fake (假的) egg containing a GPS tracker in the reptiles’ nests, she might be able to track the thieves.
Williams-Guillen found a flexible plastic material to mimic (仿造) the shell of real eggs. She and colleagues then used a 3D printer to produce the fakes of the same size, weight, and texture and put the smallest GPS tracking devices inside each. The researchers then went to four Costa Rican beaches, where green sea turtle come ashore to make their nests. As mothers laid their eggs under cover of night, the researchers slipped a fake egg into each nest. Once the fakes are covered in sand and mix with the real eggs, it’s very difficult to tell the difference between the two.
Of the 101 fake eggs, 25 were taken by thieves. The farthest moving egg traveled 137 kilometers inland. The fake egg sent its final signal the next day from a residential property, suggesting that the research team had tracked the eggs through “all of the players in the entire chain.”
By understanding that chain, Williams-Guillen says researchers can identify trading hot spots. She emphasizes that the tracker is not a way to catch local thieves, many of them living in poverty, but a tool to better understand their routes, which could help them and eventually law enforcement (执法部门) identify larger players in the chain.
In the meantime, Williams-Guillen and her colleagues are working to get their fake eggs to other sea turtle conservation organizations. Ultimately, though, scientists and nonprofits are going to engage communities with local outreach and education programs to save sea turtles. She says, “The real meat and potatoes of conservation isn’t going to come from deploying (布署) eggs.”
1. What can be learnt from paragraph 2?A.Fake eggs are made and employed. | B.Sea turtles have become endangered. |
C.Sea turtles lay eggs during the daytime. | D.The idea of fake eggs came into being. |
A.To confirm whether the fake eggs really work. |
B.To provide data for doing research on turtle eggs. |
C.To arrest the locals stealing the turtle eggs from the beach. |
D.To identify the trading routes and get the big players punished. |
A.Deploying eggs needs advocating further. |
B.Turtle conservation mainly relies on joint efforts. |
C.She feels disappointed with the local communities. |
D.Deploying eggs makes no difference in preserving turtles. |
A.Saving endangered sea turtles is urgent |
B.Endangered turtles can be traced with GPS |
C.GPS eggs helps to save endangered sea turtles |
D.A conservation scientist is devoted to protecting sea turtles |
2 . When Malaika Vaz was a kid, living in Goa, India, she was constantly surrounded by nature. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls journeys to the Arctic and Antarctic, climbing mountains, diving, and windsurfing.
At some point in her late teens, Vaz realized adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intention to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in. Motivated by her passion for filmmaking, she began to seek a way that would both satisfy her appetite for adventure and allow her to advocate the protection of the species and ecosystems she interacted with.
Today Vaz wears many hats in the filmmaking world, as a documentary director, producer, and presenter. After falling in love with manta rays (蝠鲼), she discovered they were being hunted illegally and started to dress herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced sellers to figure out why the threatened species were being killed. She shared the shocking details in Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.
The subjects that grab her attention, Vaz admits, run the gamut. When she was asked to define her focus, she replied that she preferred variety. She always argues that the issues she looks into are more interrelated than they may initially appear. “I think that it’s exciting to dive into the different aspects of environmental stories,” she says.
Her work doesn’t stop at recording important stories; she also ensures the message is heard. From Vaz’s viewpoint, real improvement in planetary protection lies in the hands of each of us rather than just those of several environmentalists. “If you’re an engineer and you care about the natural world, you can change the kind of construction materials you use. If you’re a teacher loving nature, you can bring that into the learning for your class.” she says.
As a filmmaker, Vaz believes it’s important to figure out ways that attract the audience who can push for the protection of the natural world.
1. What did Malaika Vaz decide to do in her late teens?A.Motivate children to get close to nature. |
B.Make a film about her childhood experiences. |
C.Develop a passion for an adventurous lifestyle. |
D.Combine nature exploration with nature conservation. |
A.The role of manta rays in the local economy. | B.Vaz’s personal life as a seafood trader. |
C.The threatened species in India. | D.The illegal trade in manta rays. |
A.Are quite popular. | B.Cover a wide range. |
C.Make little progress. | D.Are hard to deal with. |
A.Human beings are closely linked to nature. |
B.Stories are effective in changing people’s behavior. |
C.Everyone can make a difference to the environment. |
D.Environmentalists play a big part in solving environmental issues. |
3 . The students stand on a pier (码头) over the Harlem River in New York City. They stare down into the brown water. Their teacher, Mr. Rodman, pulls a long rope out of the river. Fastened to the end of the rope is a metal cage and inside are oysters (牡蛎). Taking turns, the students measure all the oysters, and then compare notes. The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age! They also measure the level of oxygen. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer and hold more oxygen. Also, other animals should move in.
Oysters are soft-bodied animals, and share the underwater community with plants, fish, and other life. They are food for crabs and other animals. As new oysters grow, they attach their shells to older ones,forming big reefs with many small spaces where other animals live. Oysters eat algae (藻类). If algae grow too fast,they can decrease oxygen from the water-and even fish need oxygen to breathe!
But what happened to the oysters 100years ago in New York Harbor? Before then, lots of oysters lived in these waters. They were shipped to restaurants around the world. By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. Pollution was pouring into the waters. The harbor became seriously polluted. Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce poisonous waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing-until recently.
The Billion Oyster Project began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor. The project has recruited (招募) more than 6,500 students at more than 100 middle schools and high schools to help grow, distribute, and study the oysters.
Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage. Mr. Rodman lowers the cage into the river. In a few months, they will check the cage again. When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to join a healthy reef in the middle of the harbor.
1. Why do students come to the pier over the Harlem River?A.To do research. | B.To go fishing. |
C.To buy oysters. | D.To clean up the river. |
A.What oysters are like. | B.How oysters get fed. |
C.Why algae grow fast. | D.What role oysters play. |
A.People’s love of eating oysters boosted their numbers. |
B.More oysters than before lived in waters in the 1900s. |
C.Polluted water was partly to blame for the missing of oysters. |
D.New laws in the 1970s were crucial to oysters’ recovery. |
A.Oysters Raised in New York Harbor |
B.The Harlem River Polluted Heavily |
C.Nature’s Helpful Crew Brought Back |
D.Teacher Devoted to Wildlife Protection |
4 . Introduced species have a bad reputation. It has been believed that the species mix in a particular place should remain as unchanged as possible. But this is just an opinion. Other opinions are possible. A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed. Specifically, he identifies several aspects for that.
Initially, whether introduced species provide direct human advantage is taken into account. Dr. Sax and his colleagues ignored crops, since their benefits are obvious. But they included transplanted grass species that have gone wild,yet provide grazing(牧草)for domestic animals, and introduced forest trees that produce wood for construction.
Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct. Pyne’s ground plum(李子),native to a handful of sites in the central basins of Tennessee but now transplanted to others, falls into this category.
The last value is experienced on an emotional rather than a practical level. Lots of people feel good about native wildlife, which is generally the main motive for its conservation. But that feel-good factor can extend to introduced species as well. Such value can cut both ways, however. For example, ring-necked parakeets, an Asian and African species, have been spreading through Britain for several decades. Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.
In light of their analysis, Dr. Sax and his team therefore suggest that researchers studying introduced species should in future create a clear distinction in their studies between changes that have happened and judgments about the value of those changes. In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.
That done, many species will surely still be accused of possible damage. But others, badly thought of in the past, may not.
1. What is Dr. Sax’s study aimed to do?A.Kecp track of introduced species. |
B.Get introduced species fully understood. |
C.Compare opinions on introduced species. |
D.Identify consequences of introducing species. |
A.To provide graze for local animals. |
B.To produce wood for construction. |
C.To build a new local ecosystem. |
D.To save local species from dying out. |
A.They don’t care about it. |
B.They consider it acceptable. |
C.They can’t put up with it. |
D.They hold divided opinions on it. |
A.Focusing on main values. |
B.Evaluating evident changes. |
C.Analyzing previous researches. |
D.Presenting all-round assessments. |
5 . Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit
While there are
1.“绿色生活”的意义和方式;2.发出号召。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ladies and gentlemen,
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7 . Residents of a Wiltshire town have created a vertical living garden to fight pollution. The wall of plants has been
Stephanie Edwards
The wall had been in the
Alex Kay said the living wall had a number of beneficial
James Sullivan-Tail your, who owns the nearby Swan Hotel, said he was really
A.limited | B.moved | C.attached | D.pulled |
A.explained | B.formed | C.tested | D.predicted |
A.action | B.trouble | C.shape | D.production |
A.filled | B.shared | C.brought | D.kept |
A.changing | B.growing | C.marketing | D.working |
A.benefits | B.causes | C.meanings | D.results |
A.waiting | B.planning | C.painting | D.destroying |
A.connected to | B.mixed with | C.made up of | D.broken up into |
A.aspects | B.profits | C.views | D.examples |
A.make | B.help | C.leave | D.find |
A.life | B.soil | C.water | D.air |
A.business | B.agriculture | C.technology | D.communication |
A.familiar | B.careful | C.patient | D.pleased |
A.designing | B.creating | C.describing | D.copying |
A.abnormal | B.strange | C.unique | D.common |
The day starts early for Shi Xiaogang, a wildlife ranger (护林员) at the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Southwest China’s Sichuan province. He monitors the population of giant pandas and conducts long-range patrols (巡逻) in some of the most extreme environments,
As well as “the home of giant pandas”, the reserve is
To mark the rangers’ hard work and contribution to wildlife
The commission speaks highly of their work, saying that they help stop biodiversity loss and protect the important ecosystems that serve
9 . What do you do with your clothes that you can’t or don’t want to wear anymore? Through cutting, stitching and redesigning, Baxter Salzwedel has found a
In March, 2022, recycling clothes
In the beginning, Baxter just worked with clothes for fun. He learned his
The fun hobby quickly turned into a
In 2021, Baxter started his clothing
Baxter has earned thousands of dollars through selling his clothes and he has
He was
A.complicated | B.traditional | C.fashionable | D.casual |
A.earned | B.bought | C.left | D.made |
A.sustainable | B.affordable | C.unforgettable | D.recognizable |
A.painting | B.driving | C.cooking | D.sewing |
A.put down | B.set down | C.tear up | D.make up |
A.business | B.task | C.glory | D.duty |
A.worked | B.paid | C.cheered | D.clapped |
A.course | B.show | C.shop | D.brand |
A.find | B.advertise | C.display | D.create |
A.plastic | B.recycled | C.colorful | D.artificial |
A.returmed | B.submitted | C.donated | D.lent |
A.selected | B.regarded | C.described | D.interviewed |
A.political | B.social | C.academic | D.scientific |
A.calmly | B.nervously | C.excitedly | D.patiently |
A.research | B.test | C.assignment | D.project |
10 . The Atlantic salmon (鲑鱼) of Scotland are hardy and determined animals. Each spring and summer, they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland’s shallow rivers,leaping up waterfalls and over barriers, pushing themselves upstream in enormous efforts. Some fail, and others succeed, but today they face yet another challenge.
During the mid-1980s, there were between eight and ten million salmon swimming around Scotland’s Atlantic coast; that number has now dropped sharply. There’s evidence of reducing the availability of the salmon’s prey (猎物) as climate change warms and acidifies oceans. New research suggests climate change is also bearing down on rivers, which is bad news for salmon.Adapted to life in cold water, salmon experience slow growth and population changes at high temperatures. Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease.
“Now salmon are struggling to deal with the rising temperatures. There are recent records of 27°C in the upper reaches of the Dee catchment,” says Peter Cairns, director of an environmental charity. In 2018, Scotland recorded the lowest pole catch for salmon since records began. Evidence suggests that the degraded quality of river worsens the impact of our changing climate. “Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland that were once way more forested and therefore shaded.” Yet Scotland is today one of the least wooded countries in Europe, with just 3 percent of its native woodland undamaged. Scientists have found that just 35percent of rivers in Scotland have enough tree cover for salmon survival.
A movement to get trees back on riverbanks is gathering pace. “Broad-leaf trees close tothe bank can reduce the light that enters the water,” explains fisheries scientist Anthony Hawkins. A new initiative called Riverwoods — led by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and supported by Scottish Water and several other government and regulatory bodies — aims to create a network of woodlands along Scotland’s riverbanks, and has already received a number of large funds.“Money is not the pressing business. River health is complex, but tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away,”says Cairns.
1. Why do Atlantic salmon make great journeys back to the rivers?A.They search for foods. |
B.They reproduce themselves. |
C.The rivers are relatively cool. |
D.The seas are increasingly warm. |
A.They grow more quickly. |
B.They are more heat-resistant. |
C.They are less active in water. |
D.They are more likely to get diseases. |
A.There is a shortage of food. |
B.There is much fish catching. |
C.The ecology environment has changed. |
D.The river systems are unsuitable for the forest growth. |
A.It is urgent to plant riverbank trees. |
B.It is too hard to restore the river health. |
C.There is enough money for the project. |
D.There are too many vital things to deal with. |