增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Sunday, my friends and I went to seaside. There was many people swimming in the sea. We felt about happy when we saw some wonderful view. But something unpleasant caught their eyes. Some visitors throw a lot of rubbish into the sea. We also found some dead fish, plastic bags and empty bottles float on the surface of the water, and the air smelt terribly. The marine (海的) environment is seriously damaged, what makes me worried. I think we should take effective measures to protecting the environment. Only by doing it will we live better and become healthier.
2 . Slat's life began to change after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16. What he actually saw in the ocean was an awful lot or plastic waste. From that moment on, Slat dived into a project to find a solution to this alarming problem. Struck by the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic, he founded his company, The Ocean Cleanup, at the age of 18. Although the idea was named one of the best inventions of 2015 by TIME magazine, he received negative feedback from the specialists in environmental issues.
Slat was not discouraged and saw his mission as a race against time. It is estimated that up to 14 million tons of plastic enter the oceans from land every year. Plastic gradually breaks down into very small pieces called microplastics, which can eventually enter the food chain.
After five and a half years' hard work, the Dutch inventor launched the world's first ocean plastic cleanup system: System 001. The U-shaped pipe, about 609 meters in length, snakes its way out under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific. These floating barriers will capture plastic waste as the ocean currents flow past. Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for recycling every few months. According to Slat, if all goes to plan, an array of 60 systems could reduce the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 percent by 2025.
However, there remains a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat's systems? It's likely that lots of the waste will eventually be recycled into more single-use plastics that end up back in the oceans. That doesn't mean Slat will give up.
1. What contributes to Slat's idea of solving plastic waste in the ocean?| A．A vacation abroad. | B．Negative feedback from the experts. |
| C．Diving deep into the ocean. | D．A floating barrier to collect plastic. |
| A．It will pollute the ocean. | B．It will make the ocean too dirty to swim in. |
| C．It will make it difficult ocean currents to flow. | D．It will be contained in the foods for humans. |
| A．It's the world's best ocean plastic cleanup system. |
| B．It winds its way into the Pacific. |
| C．Ships will capture the plastic waste. |
| D．The amount of plastic will be decreased by a quarter. |
| A．To praise. | B．To warn. | C．To inform. | D．To entertain. |
3 . Off the Marianas Islands, in a remote stretch of the Pacific Ocean, lies a deep trench. A trench so deep that it could accommodate the tallest mountain range—the Himalayas, and still have a mile of water above!
The Mariana Trench stretches for 2, 550km along the Pacific Ocean floor and is 70km wide. The deepest part of the trench, Challenger Deep, lies 7 miles below the ocean surface. Mariana Trench is part of a network of trenches that cross the ocean floor.
How do these trenches form? Our Earth is made up of tectonic plates which connect with each other like giant jigsaw puzzles. The plates are constantly moving because of the molten lava inside our Earth. When one tectonic plate dives under another plate, trenches are formed.
The sheer depth of Mariana Trench makes it hard to explore. Sunlight does not reach that far down, covering it in permanent darkness. The water pressure at the deepest point is nearly 1,000 times more than at the surface. Despite these inhospitable conditions, some of the strangest creatures are found in the trench—creatures that produce their own light.
A team of researchers decided to study the zone, an area of water that is 3.7 miles to 6.8 miles below the surface.
The research team sent traps underwater to catch the tiny prawn-like amphipods (片脚动物) and tested them. They found extremely high levels of chemicals, known to cause health issues like cancer. These family of chemicals known as POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) were used extensively in pesticides until they were banned in the 1970s, and some are still in use today.
The POPs do not break down. They are ingested by the larger marine animals and when they die and sink to the bottom of the oceans, the smaller creatures feast on them. The chemicals then enter the bodies of these amphipods and other smaller marine creatures, and disrupt their hormone balances. And thus, the cycle continues.
While we may think that our oceans are pristine, this latest finding tells us that in a trench far……far away from any industrial city, we humans are leaving our footprint.
1. According to the text, the Mariana Trench ________.| A．covers the Pacific Ocean floor |
| B．remains dark all the time |
| C．is like a giant jigsaw puzzle |
| D．lies 7km below the ocean surface |
| A．the molten lava inside the earth |
| B．the cause of moving plates |
| C．the formation of the trench |
| D．the make-up of tectonic plates |
| A．By taking some soil from the ocean bottom. |
| B．By measuring the water pressure. |
| C．By getting some water from the trench. |
| D．By analyzing the creatures living in the trench. |
| A．The Mariana Trench is seriously polluted. |
| B．The Mariana Trench is totally dark. |
| C．The Mariana Trench is deadly poisonous. |
| D．The Mariana Trench is greatly wonderful. |
4 . The loud continuous noise of the cars or the sound of a plane can force its way into the deepest forest, yet it’s not only humans that are bothered by the noise.
Bioacoustician Bernie Krause has been studying the effect of noise pollution on wildlife, and has come across some interesting behaviors, especially among animals that communicate by vocalization（发声）, like humans. Birds use sound to communicate, but in noisy places, these animals have to shout over the natural noise to be heard.
Krause mentions a study of nightingales to clarify what he means. The birds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city. To belt out (sing loudly) their songs, they increased their lung pressure fivefold, but scientists state that this is not dangerous for the birds themselves.
Studies show that sudden noise can cause certain birds to leave their nests, exposing the young to their enemies. One study also showed that songbirds that nested close to busy motorways were much less productive than those that nested farther away. Mammals（哺乳动物）too are affected. A recent study showed that nursing caribou responded to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young.
In some cases noise pollution can actually help some animals while harming others. Toads（蟾蜍）and frogs are known to vocalize in synchrony（同步；同步方式）so that no predator (their enemies) can zero in on them. Krause found that when planes flew overhead and disturbed the toad’s song, they lost their synchronicity, and it took them 45 minutes to get it back again. That gave their natural enemies plenty of time to find and catch individual toads by sound.
According to Kruse, “Not only will noise pollution bother wildlife, but it won’t help our lives either.”
1. How do young caribou suffer from aircraft noise?| A．They receive less food. | B．They can’t sleep at night. |
| C．They are often displaced. | D．They can’t hear their mothers. |
| A．They might become defenseless. |
| B．They would stop communicating. |
| C．They would soon regain their rhythm. |
| D．They might ne unable to hunt in groups. |
| A．The effects of noise pollution on wildlife. |
| B．The causes of noise pollution. |
| C．Animals’ reaction to noises. |
| D．The ways animals communicate with each other. |
1. 感谢他的关心；
2. 简要介绍本地雾霾情况及给人们生活带来的危害；
3. 人们已经认识到雾霾天气的危害，正采取各种措施减少其发生。
注意：1.字数100左右；
2.不要逐字翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3.开头结尾已经给出，不计入总数。
Dear Bill,
I’m glad to receive your letter. Thank you for your caring for the weather and my health.
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Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
