1 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉
修改：在错的词下划一横线并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

When I was a child, I hoped to live in a city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirty and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we'll live to regret it.

2 . The United Nations Environment Program is calling for urgent action to reduce growing risks from chemicals. Better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars. As estimated, 143,000 chemicals are now produced. Yet the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on human health and the environment. It says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.

Sylvie Lemmet, director of the UNEP, says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. For example, she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid, or ODA, for health care in sub-Saharan Africa.

She says, “If you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide (杀虫剂) in sub-Saharan Africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion US dollars in 2009. This is higher than the total ODA that is going to the health part in the same area.”

The UNEP estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050. Chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. By 2020, chemical production is expected to increase by 40 percent in Africa and the Middle East and 33 percent in Latin America. One of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticide and fertilizer. Other major concerns are heavy metal pollution from the production of cement (水泥) and textiles (纺织品), and dioxin pollution from mining.

The UN report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies. It says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.

1. The purpose of Paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that ______.

A．chemicals have a high production cost

B．Africa needs more development aid

C．the use of pesticide causes a great loss

D．the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide is incorrect

2. Which of the following is NOT a source of danger according to the text?

A．Pesticide.	B．Fertilizer.
C．Heavy metals.	D．Minerals.

3. According to the text, what is the main reason for the risks from chemicals?

A．The mass production of cement and textiles.

B．Lack of research funds on chemicals.

C．Poor management of chemicals.

D．Contradictions between chemical producers and governments.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．The truth in Sylvie Lemmet’s comments

B．A UN warning about chemical dangers

C．The unpredictable future of chemical industry

D．Preventing is much better than fixing

3 . Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.

The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO.       1     . This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.

    2    The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.

Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.     3    And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.

Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.

    4    . The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions：

• Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.

•    5    

• Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.

• Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.

• Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.

A．However, of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.

B．But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?

C．Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.

D．The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.

E．A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.

F．Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.

G．Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.

4 . E-waste is fast becoming a serious global problem.     1    

The source of e-waste

We live in a society that constantly produces and consumes electronic products. It is often cheaper to buy new pieces of equipment than to repair old ones. Also, through clever advertising, companies persuade consumers to replace their old TVs, mobile phones and computers for the latest models. E-waste is created when we throw away electronic equipment like this. In the EU alone, about 8.7 million tonnes of e-waste is produced each year.     2    

The problem with e-waste

Burying e-waste in landfills or burning it causes serious problems for the environment.     3     These substances can then leak into the ground in landfills or pollute the air when they are burnt.

Global recycling schemes (计划)

    4     However, their schemes are not always managed properly and sometimes electronics are just sent to poor countries such as Ghana. Here they are often burnt in public areas, which is very bad for people’s health. Setting up recycling programs in the countries that create e-waste could solve this problem. E-cycling centres could recycle the parts that we can reuse and properly dispose of the rest.

Take-back policy

Another solution to e-waste is to make manufacturers responsible for their used products. This could mean forcing them to take back old products which are no longer wanted.     5    

Consuming less

We can all reduce the amount of waste we produce by buying electrical products only when we have to.

A．In recent years, many countries have started recycling e-waste.

B．They should then make sure they are properly recycled or reused.

C．Sadly, just over one million tonnes is recycled.

D．This report will examine this problem and provide some possible solutions.

E．By resisting the temptation to buy a product just to have the latest version, we cut down on e-waste.

F．Electronics contain dangerous chemicals and metals.

G．Both manufacturers and consumers must accept their responsibilities and make efforts to keep it to a minimum.

5 . Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3500 people have    1     (successful) climbed the mountain over the past years. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about    2    (wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.

In fact, the dangerous    3    (crowd) aren't the only problem. All those climbers need     4    (bring) a lot of gear (装置) and much of them ends up being left on the mountains, becoming the world's    5     (tall) rubbish dump.

But the good news is    6     some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they    7    (collect)over 13 tons of garbage.

Some of that rubbish is even being used for    8     higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8844 Art Project. a group of 15 artists Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 piece of art that are exhibited    9    Nepal’s capital. Part of the profit from sales    10     (be) available for the Everest Pakeers Association which has helped ole rubbish of the mountain.

6 . 听下面一段材料，完成下面5个小题。请根据材料内容用适当的词填空，并填写在横线上，每空1词。本段材料读两遍。

Interviewer: David, what do you see as the main problems with the environment?

David: Well, in a nutshell, the most     1     problem of all is the climate. The world's climate seems to be getting warmer.

Interviewer: We've seen a lot of     2     of that, haven't we? Hotter summers, warmer winters, that kind of thing.

David: Yes, we have. Also, scientists have found that the ice at the Poles is beginning to melt.

Interviewer: We've heard that too. Is that really happening?

David: Yes, I'm afraid it is. And at sometime in the future, the ice may melt completely. Then it's possible that the sea could rise and coastal cities like New York and Shanghai could disappear under water.

John: It sounds very     3    .

David: I couldn't agree with you more. It's scary!

Interviewer: Can you explain why the climate's getting warmer?

David: Well, I'll do my best! It's pollution that's the problem. Gases from cars enter the atmosphere and stop the sun's heat from leaving the atmosphere. And factories give out chemicals that do the same thing. So as a result, the climate is getting warmer.

Interviewer: From what I understand, carbon dioxide from cars is a     4     problem.

David: You're absolutely right. Carbon dioxide is the gas that does most       5     to the atmosphere. But we have a problem with trees too. You see, trees give out oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. So they're very useful because they use up the carbon dioxide.

7 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed(处理)．

There are different kinds of pollutants, each of which comes from different sources. It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to get rid of them. Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution.

The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds—solids，liquid and gas. These pollutants have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so. In fact，pollution is threatening our existence. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man’s existence.

We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution; the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and raise their awareness of protecting the environment and so on.

The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government. And laws have been passed to stop pollution, I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.

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8 . 短文改错

Last Sunday, my family went for walk in a nearby park. We wanted to breathe the fresh air and having fun there. However, when gone out, we found it was cloudy and smoggy (烟雾弥漫的). Only a few people were walking quick on the streets wearing their masks. I was wondering what was the matter when my little brother begins to cough loudly. Suddenly I realized that it was air pollution. So we had to go back to home that day. Smoke from cars, buses, and factories make the air dirty, that is harmful to our health. I think they all should do some thing to keep the air clean.

9 . 假如你是李明，昨天学校组织你班学生去东方红化工厂参观，你发现工厂附近的环境受到了严重污染，河水污浊不堪，于是决定写一封信给China Daily投稿，呼吁政府加强对工厂的管理，要求工厂采取措施处理污染，保护环境。
内容：1. 描述你所看到的情况；

2. 发表你的看法。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Editor,

I’m sorry to trouble you, but _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you!

Yours,

Li Ming

10 . 阅读下面的短文，请用30字概括大意。

China has decided to stop the use of free plastic bags.Supermarkets，shops and outlets(经销店) in China can’t offer plastic bags any more.

Every year，people use too many plastic bags.They throw them here and there after they have used them.The government has done its best to deal with them but failed.While we offer quick service(服务) to customers，the plastic bags pollute water，earth and air，and they waste the oil.The government asks people to go back to carry cloth bags and use baskets when they go to buy something.The cloth bags and the baskets can be used again and again.Many months have passed.Since plastic bags were forbidden(禁止)，the environment has been improved a lot.

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