1 . 根据短文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on Earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash, and now, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn”

German scientists have recently found micro plastics (微塑料) in Arctic snow, the Associated Press reported. Micro plastic are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of micro plastic per liter of snow.

How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s readily apparent (显然的) that the majority of the micro plastics in the snow comes from the air.” they fall off of plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in. An even higher amount of micro plastic was found in the snow around cities.

The high concentrations (浓度) found in snow samples (样本) suggest micro plastics, which contain rubber or chemical used in synthetic fabrics (合成纤维), may cause significant air pollution.

Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the World Health Organization. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of micro plastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that micro plastics may contributes to lung cancer risk, heightening the need to further assess (评估) the risks of taking them in, the study said.

Micro plastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Previous research has found that they flow long distances and into tour oceans, damaging ecosystems (生态系统) along the way. They start in our wastewater when we wash clothes with plastic fibers. The waste water then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.

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3 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?

A．In a shop.

B．In a classroom.

C．In a canteen.

2. What do we know from the conversation?

A．The woman hasn’t used plastic plates and cups before.

B．Paper plates and cups have replaced plastic ones in the U.S.

C．The man is not interested in plastic materials.

4 . 全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题。假如你叫李华，请你根据以下提示，给某报社写一篇英语倡议书，为“节能减排”献计献策。
背景：随着经济的发展，更多的温室气体被排放，其中大约70%为二氧化碳（CO₂），这也是全球变暖的主要原因之一。
后果：海平面上升；自然灾害频繁。
措施：1. 多使用清洁能源，少用煤、油；
2. 在可能的情况下以代步车；
3. ……
要求：1. 短文必须包括以上提到的所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2. 词数80左右。
Dear Editor,
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Yours,

Li Hua

5 . Pollution

Pollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances(物质).Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars.    1    

Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料）These include coal, oil and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things    2     Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer(臭氧层)which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.

Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump(倾倒) garbage and dirty water into river, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.    3    

Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories.    4     They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.

Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment     5     Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources to produce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.

A．Farmers use chemical to help crops grow.

B．This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.

C．They also can harm fish and other forms of life.

D．These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.

E．In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.

F．There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.

G．Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.

6 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by 2025.

A private American organisation called Population Action International (PAI) did the new study. It says more than three hundred and thirty-­five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty­eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people are short of water. Eighteen more countries are expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth stays the same.

Mr Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases like cholera that are carried in water.

Lack of water may also lead to more international conflicts. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and   Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.

The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

The report also says long­term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

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7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The brightness of light from our cities has reached     1     high levels that it is reducing the darkness of night. A century ago, when night-time     2     (fall) the dark of night arrived. Things are     3     (differ) today. A new study reports that artificial light at night is increasing around the world. Scientists say it grew     4     2.2% a year between 2012 and 2016. This intrusion of artificial light is causing us many problems. The International Dark-Sky Association says, “it is not only damaging our view of the universe, but it is     5     (severe) threatening our environment, our safety, our energy consumption and our health”.

Dr. Franz Holker said artificial light is     6     threat to our natural environment. He called it a pollutant     7     threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans     8     (include). He said it is reshaping “entire social ecological systems”. Environmentalists thought LED lights would help. However, cities are using more LED lights because     9     are cheaper. This is adding to the pollution of light. Night-time light decreased in sixteen countries, including     10     (nation) at war, like Yemen and Syria.

8 . Climate change is increasingly affecting our daily lives.Latest research and studies in the US highlight the facts about the human-caused change to our global weather systems and its effects on our planet.First among them is that rising temperatures and increasingly chaotic(混乱的)weather are the work of humanity.There's a 99.9999%chance that humans are the cause of global warming.Humans burn fossil fuels such as oil,coal and gas,which give out carbon dioxide(Co₂),methane and other gases into Earth's atmosphere and oceans.Co₂,is the greenhouse gas that's most responsible for warming.

Scientists worldwide have also conducted countless researches on this issue.For example,a group of scientists in Australia have published a study analysing the contributions to climate change by the worlds nations versus the effect that climate change will have on those countries.

They have found that some developed nations,such as Australia,the US and Canada,are essentially climate free riders,driving the problem of climate change while suffering relatively few of the costs,such as destructive flood,increased extreme weather and rising sea levels.Meanwhile,many countries in Africa or small island states which produce few greenhouse gas emissions are the most vulnerable(易受损害的)countries.

While it's important that this issue is defined by scientists,it needs to be acted on by global leaders.The Paris Agreement,finalised in December 2015,was widely seen as a positive step forward in addressing climate change.However,in order to help those vulnerable countries while achieving global emissions reductions,urgent and effective actions in accordance with the policies in the Paris Agreement must be taken.

1. What is the main cause of global warming according to the passage?

A．The rising temperature.	B．The increasingly chaotic weather.
C．Humans behaviours of burning fossil fuels.	D．Fossil fuels such as oil,coal and gas.

2. From the research of the Australian scientists,we can infer that it is____that should take more responsibilities for the issue of climate change.

A．some vulnerable countries	B．some developed countries
C．some developing countries	D．some African countries

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the research of Australian scientists?

A．Some developed countries drive the problem of climate change but bear relatively few of the costs.

B．Some countries unfairly bear the burden of the problem of climate change they did not create.

C．The costs of climate change include destructive flood,increased extreme weather and rising sea levels.

D．The most easily affected countries that produce few greenhouse gas emissions are all in Africa.

4. What does the author call on people to do to solve the global warming problem?

A．Define greenhouse gas emissions.

B．Take urgent and effective actions in accordance with the policies in the Paris Agreement.

C．Help the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.

D．Pay more attention to global climate change.

9 . 语法填空

Child health experts have said families and parents are worryingly unaware of the severe damage air pollution is doing to young people in the UK.

In a survey of leading health professionals, nine in 10 said air pollution    1    (harm) children in their areas, and a similar rate(92%) said the public needed to be    2    (well) informed about the issue.

“Children have a fundamental right    3    (grow) up in clean and safe environment that gives them the best possible start in life. The persistent, illegal opening of air pollution limits across the UK are    4    unacceptable action of this,” he said.

UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会),     5    campaigns on children’s rights and wellbeing around the world, announced last year it was making protecting young people    6    toxic(毒素的)air across Britain in the months ahead.

Recently a series of reports    7    (outline)the effect of air pollution—including detrimental effects on teenage mental health, a “huge” reduction in intelligence among children growing up in    8    (pollute)areas.

Penrose said: “The impact of toxic air is undeniable. The UK is home to more children     9    (suffer)from breathing conditions than anywhere else in Europe. Every 20 minutes a child experiencing an asthma attack is admitted to hospital. Now child health professionals are warning of the    10    (serious)of this growing health crisis.”

10 . The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.

Man has been polluting the earth.The more people，the more pollution.Many years ago，the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place，man moved to another place.But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.

Air pollution is still the most serious.It’s bad for all living things in the world，but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.

Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO₂ is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution.It is caused by heavy traffic.We are sure that if there are fewer people driving，there will be less air pollution.

The earth is our home. We must take care of it.That means keeping the land，water and air clean.And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.

1. What makes our world become much smaller?

A．Science development.	B．The rise in population.
C．The pollution on the earth.	D．The strong wind.

2. What was life like hundreds of years ago?

A．It was much easier than today.	B．It was much harder than today.
C．It was the same as today.	D．It was hard to describe.

3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Rubbish.	B．Water pollution.
C．Air pollution.	D．Noise pollution.

4. According to the text, how can we reduce pollution?

A．Making rules to fight pollution.	B．Drinking as little water as possible.
C．Stop buying new things.	D．Only walking to work.