1 . Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.

Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.

Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai’s footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.

As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing consciousness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China’s garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation’s sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.

1. What is the most probable reason for classifying waste？

A．No site for burying waste.	B．People’s habit.
C．Economic cost.	D．Environmental pollution.

2. What is the purpose of the program？

A．To practise waste classification.	B．To protect environment.
C．To save oil for farming.	D．To reduce the quantity of waste.

3. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A．A program adopted across China	B．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules
C．Doing the best with waste	D．Protecting environment is necessary

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，如有括号提示，请以提示词的正确形式填空。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Experts in a Scottish University are urging world governments to step up their efforts on fighting microplastics pollution in the sea.

The University is part of a global organization     1     (make) up of 28 island universities which are devoted to increasing awareness of oceanic environmental issues. According to the group，although people     2     (warn) many times these years that oceans are suffering, they are often ignorant of the scale of the microplastics threat. Global efforts to fight ocean plastic pollution focus too heavily     3     the visible plastic, while the microplastic pollution often goes unchecked.

Unlike large plastic such as bottles，     4     can be seen with the naked eye, microplastics are much       5     (hard) to detect. They come from cosmetic products like shampoo, toothpaste, face wash and so on. When you shower with these products, the water together with the little pieces of plastic roes     6     (travel) into the water systems every day. And most of our water systems don't trap these microplastics that often end     7     in the ocean.

Sun and waves can break down big plastics,     8     in a very long time, longer than, hundreds of years. Scientists have predicted that by 2050, there will have been more plastic in the sea     9     fish. Sea creatures mistake it as their food. So they eat it and it remains in their stomachs. Just imagine your     10     (swallow) tiny plastics every day!

3 . As the world's population continues to increase, so does the amount of global waste. According to data (数据) collected by the World Bank Group, nations are on pace to produce 4 billion tons of waste every year by 2100. Many experts are calling the problem of global waste a worldwide health crisis (危机) because the waste is polluting the world’s oceans, air and soil and is putting the health of all living things in danger.

For years, governments have been telling citizens that living a zero-waste lifestyle is the way to go. Now some stores are helping people do that.

Most grocery stores produce waste when they throw away food and packing material. In some cases, the food consists of fruit and vegetables that don’t look good any more. In other cases, it's packaged food that is nearing the "sell-by" date printed on the package. After the “sell-by” date passed, the food is not considered safe to eat. Thus, many stores throw out unsold packaged food before that date arrives.

To solve this problem, business people are opening smaller grocery stores. Instead of selling food in packages, these stores offer it in open containers (容器). Customers bring their own bags or clean containers to the store. There, they fill their bags or containers with everything from nuts and grains to oil and vinegar. They pay for only the amount of each product that they need. Zero-waste stores often sell fruit and vegetables as well. When these goods start to look old, they're sold at a cheaper price or given to the poor people. Inspired by these smaller zero-waste grocery stores, some large supermarkets are taking similar steps to reduce the amount of waste that they produce.

1. How does the writer begin this article?

A．By giving some detailed examples.

B．By reporting the results of experiments.

C．By discussing a major source of pollution.

D．By explaining an international agreement.

2. According to Paragraph 3, why do grocery stores sometimes throw away fruit and vegetables?

A．Because they have gone bad.	B．Because they don't look fresh.
C．Because they pass the "sell-by" date.	D．Because they near the "sell-by" date.

3. What do customers most likely bring to the smaller stores described in this article?

A．Empty baskets.

B．Old newspapers.

C．Large cupboards.

D．Plastic toys.

4. According to this article, what are some supermarkets doing?

A．They're building up partnerships with smaller stores.

B．They're following the example set by smaller stores.

C．They're putting several smaller stores out of business.

D．They're demanding that officials control smaller stores.

4 . Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.

Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.

Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment A gency.

The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.

Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."

“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."

Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her."

1. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.

A．take pollutant readings	B．record pollutant levels
C．process collected data	D．reduce air pollution

2. What can we learn from the Baggy data?

A．High places are free of air pollution.

B．Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.

C．Conventional monitors are more reliable.

D．Air is more polluted closer to the ground.

3. What is Tom's purpose of doing the research?

A．To warn of a health risk.	B．To find out pollution sources.
C．To test his new monitor.	D．To prove Baggy's abilities.

4. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?

A．Modest.

B．Generous.

C．Creative.

D．Outgoing.

5 . 阅读下面材料，在空白填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it     1    hundreds of years ago,       2     it has brought new problems. One of the    3     (big) is pollution. Pollution comes in many     4     (form). We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.

Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious    5     there were not so many people. When the land     6     (use) up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now     7    (slow) polluting the whole world.

Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution       8       (make) us angry more easily.

Many countries are making rules     9       (fight) pollution. They stop people from     10     (burn) coal in houses and the factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.

6 . In between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution in Delhi,India,there’s one more option-a bar that has”pure air”.

Founded by Aryavir Kumar,Oxy Pure,Delhi’s first-ever oxygen bar,offers 15 minutes of 80-90 percent pure oxygen,costing Rs 299($4.2).Customers are given a lightweight tube for oxygen intake.The device(装置)is placed near the customer’s nostrils(鼻孔)through which they are advised to breathe in the oxygen.

The bar also offers its customers several aromas(气味)to go with oxygen,including lemongrass,cherry and more.According to the aroma people choose,each session promises to improve sleep patterns and digestion,cure headaches,and even claims to work as a treatment for depression.

Bonny Irengbam,a senior sales assistant at the bar,said,”Some people,who try it for the first time,will feel relaxed and fresh.But only people who do this regularly will get real benefits.By regularly,I mean once or twice a month.We don’t encourage back-to-back sessions,as increased levels of oxygen in the body can make a person dizzy.”

Dr.Rajesh Chawla,a senior doctor at the Indraprastha Apollo Hospital,said,”Even if you breathe in the so-called pure oxygen for two hours in a day,you will go back to breathing the polluted air for the rest of the 22 hours.The concept is purely money-driven.”

Recalling the first few months of the bar,Irengbam admitted that people were sceptical. “Many people criticised,saying we were selling air.Others were simply scared to breathe through the tube.”

Irengbam said the bar saw a significant rise in the number of customers two to three days after Diwali,an Indian festival mainly celebrated by fireworks and lights,as the pollution levels were high.

1. What do we know about the oxygen intake?

A．It surely has a promising future.

B．It will always cause side effects.

C．It was not well received at first.

D．It can cure people of depression.

2. Which of the following can replace”back-to-back”in Paragraph 4?

A．Once-a-month.

B．Once-in-a-while.

C．Once-and-for-all.

D．One-after-another.

3. What is Dr.Rajetha Chawla’s attitude towards the bar?

A．Doubtful.

B．Positive.

C．Unconcerned.

D．Ambiguous.

4. What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To explain how to breathe in the oxygen.

B．To introduce the first oxygen bar in India.

C．To show people’s responses to the device.

D．To advertise for Aryavir Kumar’s business.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on       1     (sun) weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts(烟头)     2     (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.

One thing that really annoys me is that I see     3     (tour)who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place     4     it should stay—the trash can. Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish     5     pretend that it’s not there.

The dogs or the fish are not to blame     6     it. It’s our fault and we must blame     7     (we). Everyone has to do his or her part     8     (solve) this problem. It can’t be difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do. First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches. We could also form organizations that help clean up our beaches. More     9     (important), we need to start now before the beaches     10     (damage) beyond repair.

8 . 语法填空

People release balloons for special occasions like memorial services and grand openings. It is fun and exciting. But it really causes great destruction to the environment and threatens the     1    (life) of our wildlife.

When a balloon     2    (fly) into the sky, it doesn’t end up    3    (stay) there. It eventually bursts and returns to the earth as ugly litter. Balloons can even travel thousands of miles and pollute the most remote and pure places. More     4    (sad), they can present a threat to many animals. Birds, whales, turtles and other animals often mistake balloons     5     food, which can do damage to them because balloons contain     6    (harm) chemicals. Balloons even kill animals. When an animal swallows a balloon, it can block its intestinal tract(肠道), resulting in starvation.

Part of the reason why releasing balloons     7    (forbid) in so few places is that some balloons do break down eventually. However, it takes about four years     8    (break) down completely.

Watching hundreds of balloons slowly going up into the sky might give you a five-second thrill,     9     is it worth a bunch of dead animals and so many places full of rubbish? Absolutely not.     10     we should do is to get creative and come up with alternative ways to celebrate.

9 . Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.

The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO.       1     . This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.

    2    The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.

Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.     3    And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.

Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.

    4    . The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions：

• Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.

•    5    

• Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.

• Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.

• Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.

A．However, of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.

B．But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?

C．Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.

D．The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.

E．A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.

F．Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.

G．Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.

10 . Which kind of diamond is better for the environment and the world we live in: a diamond from a traditional mine or one made in a laboratory ?

Some recent reports suggest the answer may not be so clear. At the very least , these reports provide evidence of tensions between two different sectors of the diamond industry .

Lab - grown diamond companies say they are more ethical and cause less harm to Earth’s environment. The traditional diamond sector notes that its businesses help the communities where they operate mines. It says they provide jobs, help build roads and other infrastructure and make investments in conservation.

Some companies, such as De Beers , work on both sides. De Beers sells natural and man-made diamonds. In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission(FTC) investigates reports of deceptive, or misleading, advertising. In April, the commission sent warning letters to eight lab -grown diamond companies. One of the FTC’s concerns was the use of the word ‘eco – friendly’, and similar terms , to describe diamonds made in a laboratory. The lab - grown process requires very high temperatures and uses a lot of energy. Trucost is a company that estimates the costs of using natural resources. Asked by the Diamond Producers Association to study the issue, Trucost found the carbon intensity of natural diamonds was lower than lab - grown diamonds .

The Trucost report did note that diamond miners should reduce their effect on the environment by using more renewable energy, such as wind power and sunlight .

1. What is the passage mainly intended to tell us?

A．There are many tensions between two different sectors of the diamond industry.

B．Which kind of diamond is better may not be so clear .

C．Neither the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)nor the Trucost is satisfied with the diamond industry.

D．Both lab-grown diamond companies and traditional diamond mines do harm to the environment.

2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Many diamond miners have begun to use more renewable energy, such as wind power and sunlight.

B．Natural diamonds have a higher carbon intensity than man-made diamonds.

C．In April, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) of the USA fined eight lab-grown diamond companies for misleading.

D．Diamond mines tend to take on locals to work for them.

3. What does the word ‘issue’ in the fourth paragraph refer to ?

A．The carbon intensity of the two kinds of diamonds

B．The event of the deceptive advertising

C．The eco-friendly situations of the two sectors

D．The ways of using renewable energy