1 . Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but has brought new peoplems. One of the biggest is pollution. Pollution come in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.

Men have been polluting the earth. Many years ago, the pollution was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, men moved to another place.

Air pollution is now the most serious. Air makes people sick. And lots of people now are trying to use something to clear the air. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily.

Many countries are making rules to fight air pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.

Pollution by SO² is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is true that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.

Although most of the pollution is caused by us, we are the ones who can change the situation. The earth is our home. We must take care of it. And we must pay more attention to the information in pollution at the same time.

1. Why was the pollution in the past less serious?

A．Because life in the past was easier.	B．Because there were not so many people.
C．Because men stayed in one place.	D．Because people used less coal to make fire.

2. According to the passage, which kind of pollution is the most serious?

A．Air pollution.

B．Noise poliution.

C．Light pollution.

D．Water pollution.

3. What do many countries do to fight air pollution?

A．Try to use something to clear the air	B．Ask people to use public transport more.
C．Stop putting dirty smoke into the air.	D．Encourage people to move to another place

4. Why is the pollution by SO²the most dangerous?

A．Because there are so many factories.

B．Because the global warming is becoming worse and worse.

C．Because carbon dioxide emissions are increasing.

D．Because there is heavy traffic.

5. What is probably the purpose of this passage?

A．To prove life is much easier today.	B．To call on us to take care of our earth.
C．To show the danger of pollution.	D．To introduce how to fight air pollution.

3 . Sea life near Turkey is being harmed by a layer of brown foam (泡沫) on the ocean’s surface. The foam, which many people are calling “sea snot”, is natural, but it’s caused by pollution and global warming.

The actual name for the foam is mucilage (粘液). Scientists first noticed and described mucilage in 2007, when it was found near Turkey. Then, it was also found in other parts of the Aegean Sea, near Greece. Mucilage covers the ocean’s surface with a thick, slimy layer that gives it the nickname of sea snot.

This year’s appearance of mucilage is the worst ever recorded. It’s been developing for seven months and is now covering large parts of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea, surrounded by land belonging to Turkey, and connected to the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.

There are many different kinds of algae (海藻), and it’s natural and normal for algae to grow in the ocean or in other bodies of water. But when there is lots of food for the algae, and other conditions are just right, algae would boom, which results in algae growing quickly and in huge numbers. And in very bad situations, mucilage is the result.

There are two main causes of the present appearance of mucilage. One is the heavy pollution — waste water and chemicals — flowing into the Sea of Marmara. The second cause is higher water temperatures because of climate change.

By covering the ocean’s surface, mucilage stops sunlight from reaching all the sea life below. “This mucilage is now covering the sea surface like a tent,” says Muharrem Balci, who teaches biology at Istanbul University. Because there is so much algae, it takes up lots of oxygen from the seawater. That means that there’s very little oxygen left for the other sea life that depends on it. The BBC reports that divers in the area are seeing large numbers of dying fish. After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, where it covers the sea floor, poisoning sea life that lives there. The mucilage has already been found as deep as 30 meters below the surface.

Mahsum Daga, a local fisherman, told the reporter, “Do you know what it does to shellfish? When they open up, it prevents them from closing up again because it gets in the way. All the seasnails here are dead.”

1. What do we know about mucilage?

A．It generally doesn’t last long.	B．It was first noticed near Turkey.
C．It is the result of algae poisoning.	D．It is mainly formed in inland seas.

2. What does the underlined word “boom” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Shoot up.

B．Stand out.

C．Break down.

D．Take off.

3. What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?

A．The reason for the formation of mucilage is difficult to explain.

B．Mucilage is doing much more harm than good.

C．The present situation of mucilage needs attention.

D．Mucilage puts sea life in danger in different ways.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Sea life in Turkey is in great danger of extinction.

B．A new kind of poisonous algae is found in Turkey.

C．Turkey’s coastal waters are covered with mucilage.

D．Mucilage is likely to cause great damage to Turkey.

4 . 近年来，环境污染问题日益严重，全球气候变暖导致极端天气频现。假定你是李华，请代表学生会向全校学生写一份倡议书，呼吁大家从身边小事做起，共同保护环境。
要点包括：1. 倡议的背景和目的；2. 倡议的具体内容；3.发出呼吁。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Students’ Union

5 . What was the man doing in the river?

A．Swimming.

B．Doing the research.

C．Catching fish.

6 . Just when you thought you were taking care of your health by eating enough fruit and vegetables every day, new research has come out revealing that you might be swallowing microplastic particles (颗粒) along with all those vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A groundbreaking study published in the journal Environmental Research has found that fruits and vegetables absorb microplastic particles from the soil and move them through vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred to human bodies.

The researchers, who are from the University of Catania in Italy, as well as Sousse and Monastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety of common fruits and vegetables —carrots, lettuce, broccoli, potatoes, apples, and pears. These were chosen for the fact that they are frequently consumed, usually one per day, which allowed the researchers to better assess the dietary intakes of MPs (microplastic particles) and NPs (nano-plastics). The samples were purchased from different sources in the city of Catania, including a small fruit vendor and a supermarket.

The researchers found that apples, followed by pears, were the most polluted fruit samples, and carrots were the most polluted vegetable. In the study’s discussion section, the authors wrote, “We can assume that the fruits contain more MPs not only because of the very high vascularization (血管化) of the fruit pulp (果肉) but also due to the greater size and complexity of the root system and age of the tree (several years) compared to the vegetables (60-75 days for the carrot).”

This study is important because it's the first to detect microplastics in fruits and vegetables. They have been found in other sources before, such as sea salt, beer, water (bottled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, soil, and even air, but never inside fresh produce. It’s an alarming discovery that raises yet another red flag about microplastic pollution in the natural environment.

It’s an area that will likely see a lot more attention in coming years, with the study authors calling for further research into the question of microplastic and whether it harms the health of both plants and humans.

1. What is the study mainly about?

A．The main cause and influence of soil pollution.

B．The microplastic pollution in fruits and vegetables.

C．The benefits of daily fruits and vegetables consumption

D．The great changes in people's dietary habits.

2. What may cause fruits to contain more MPs according to the authors?

A．The age of root system.	B．The huge size of fruit tree roots.
C．The complex preservation method.	D．The large amounts of the fruit pulp.

3. What do the study authors think of the research on microplastic?

A．It needs to be further studied.	B．It wasted them quite a lot of time.
C．It has caused harm to health.	D．It has attracted attention to diets.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a lesson in sorting garbage.     1     is now required that people should sort garbage into four categories —    2     (recycle), harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can     3     (fine) up to 200 yuan.

More cities are introducing similar regulations,     4     (follow) the practice in Shanghai. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30% of the     5     (participant) think they are adequately sorting their trash. It’s partly because many people lack their willingness to sort their own waste. “It’s     6     must to have a legal guarantee     7     (promote) garbage sorting,” said Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University.

Aside from China, many other foreign countries     8     (introduce) garbage-sorting regulations in the past years. In Japan, waste sorting has become a basic survival skill. There is a     9     (fix) time for the disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result     10     high fines and even jail time. Over 90% of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment.

8 . Most environmental pollution on Earth comes from humans and their inventions, such as cars or plastic. Today, car emissions (排放物) are a major source of air pollution leading to climate change, and plastics fill our ocean, creating a significant health issue to marine (海洋的) animals.

And what about the electric light, thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time? Electric light can be a beautiful thing, guiding us home when the sun goes down, keeping us safe and making our homes bright. However, like carbon dioxide emissions and plastic, too much of a good thing has started to impact the environment. Light pollution, the inappropriate use of outdoor light, is affecting human health, wildlife behavior and our ability to observe stars.

Light pollution is a global issue. This became obvious when the World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness, a computer-generated map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016. Available online for viewing, the map shows how and where our globe is lit up at night. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia are glowing (发光) with light, while only the most remote regions on Earth (Greenland, Central African Republic and Niue) are in total darkness. Some of the most light-polluted countries in the world are Singapore, Qatar, and Kuwait.

Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky, mostly over cities, due to the electric lights of cars, streetlamps, offices, factories, outdoor advertising, and buildings, turning night into day for people who work and play long after sunset.

People living in cities with high levels of sky glow have a hard time seeing more than a handful of stars at night. Astronomers are particularly concerned with sky glow pollution as it reduces their ability to view stars.

More than 80 percent of the world’s population, and 99 percent of Americans and Europeans, live under sky glow.

1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?

A．Electric light is the greatest human invention.

B．The use of outdoor light must be forbidden.

C．Electric light is the main factor to keep us safe.

D．Electric light has both advantages and disadvantages.

2. Which of the following places is least affected by sky glow?

A．Qatar.

B．Kuwait.

C．Niue.

D．Singapore.

3. Why do astronomers especially complain about sky glow?

A．Sky glow costs too much.	B．Sky glow has a bad effect on their sleep.
C．Sky glow wastes too much electricity.	D．Sky glow affects their viewing stars.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Different kinds of pollution	B．Plastic pollution
C．Air pollution	D．Light pollution