1.介绍相关情况；
2.谈谈你的看法。
注意：
1.词数80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear John,
I am so glad to receive your letter.
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Yours,
Li Hua
2 . Dutch designer Daan Roosegaarde has spent much of his time seeking artistic solutions to our environmental problems.His past projects include a "Smog Free Tower" to clean polluted air and "Gates of Light", which uses the headlamps of passing cars to light up the 60 floodgates of the Afsluitdijk, a major dam in the Netherlands.Now, he is hoping to use his skills to solve a pressing global problem — space junk!
Scientists estimate that there are over 500,000 pieces of space junk.To deal with the problem, Roosegaarde intends to achieve his goal by educating the public about the urgency of the situation and coming up with possible solutions.The project called the Space Waste Lab started in October 2018 with a laser(激光) show in the Netherlands.The unique outdoor artwork of LEDs used real-time tracking information to point at pieces of space junk floating at altitudes of 200 to 20,000 kilometers.The experience was designed to make the public know more about how much space junk there is.
To find a solution, the designer has been thinking with experts.One of the projects being considered is "Shooting Stars", which attempts to reintroduce the trash to the atmosphere in a controlled way.Upon reentry, the waste would burn in the atmosphere like a shooting star.Roosegaarde envisages that if successful, burning space trash could someday replace fireworks at large public events!
In September 2018, the RemoveDEBRIS satellite successfully sent a net to catch a target while orbiting at an altitude of about 300 kilometers.Sometime this year, the spacecraft will send a harpoon that has been designed to remove space trash.At the end of its task, RemoveDEBRIS will release a sail to bring the satellite itself and hopefully some trash back into the atmosphere where it will burn up.
1. What can we infer about Daan Roosegaarde?| A．He is too aggressive to put forward good plans. |
| B．He is creative in solving environmental problems. |
| C．He is fond of spending all of his time learning art skills. |
| D．He is sensitive to art reflected in environmental projects. |
| A．To confirm real-time information about space trash. |
| B．To show the great beauty of LEDs to common people. |
| C．To raise public awareness of the amount of space trash. |
| D．To inspire people to consider the solution to space trash. |
| A．Suspect. | B．Demand. | C．Advise. | D．Imagine. |
3 . Human activities are damaging our marine environment, and ocean pollution threatens human health, a new research has uncovered. The research was conducted by an international research team that published their results in the journal Annals of Global Health. They wrote about the widespread damage to the oceans by the actions of humans, which in turn also cause damage to human health. The researchers also made several recommendations regarding solutions to lessen these damages.
The study detailed the latest scientific findings of the critical role that the oceans play in our health and the health of our planet. It also examined the key factors damaging ocean health. With the increase in temperatures worldwide, the melting of sea ice also increases. It causes an increase in harmful bacteria and algae （藻类）into waters that were unpolluted in the past.
Coastal populations are threatened by the rise in sea level and the increasing frequency and violence of coastal storms. The increase of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere increases ocean acidity （酸度），which destroys sensitive food chains in the ocean. Climate change also worsens ocean pollution
According to the study's author Philip Landrigan, who is also a professor and Boston College Global Observatory on Pollution & Health director, the pollution in the ocean is a major problem. It is getting worse and is directly affecting human health. Landrigan also adds that the ocean's plastic pollution is not the entirety of the problem.
According to Landrigan, the toxic pollutants that are dumped into our oceans are finding their way into people's bodies. The pathway is mainly through the consumption of polluted seafood. The most severely affected sectors include those fishing communities and small island countries. Their lives are dependent on the health of the ocean.
The research team suggests several measures to turn the situation around and save our oceans and our health, hoping that human activities change for the better so that ocean pollution is stopped and human health is improved.
1. What did the researchers find in their new study?| A．Oceans are becoming more and more polluted. |
| B．Oceans get back on humans for their activities. |
| C．Oceans are faced with the increasing temperature. |
| D．Oceans are being threatened by bacteria and algae. |
| A．Coastal storms will occur regularly and violently. |
| B．The harmful bacteria and algae will grow faster. |
| C．The ocean food chains will be poorly damaged. |
| D．Climate change over the oceans will be worse. |
| A．The plastic pollution is a tough problem. |
| B．Toxic pollutants will be deadly to the fish. |
| C．The ocean pollution puts people at risk. |
| D．Plastics most seriously pollute the oceans. |
| A．How ocean pollution damages human health. |
| B．What has caused the oceans' severe pollution. |
| C．How humans can find practical solutions. |
| D．What situation the oceans are exposed to. |
4 . Henderson Island in the South Pacific Ocean has always been known for its remarkable biological diversity and untouched ecology. Now, the remote UNESCO World Heritage site that lies 3，100 miles from the closest human settlement can also lay claim to being one of the most polluted places on Earth.
Jennifer Lavers, a researcher from the University of Tasmania’s Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies who has been studying the island for a few years, says the tiny island is home to over 38 million pieces of waste.
The amount of waste is surprising given that the island, the largest of the group of four Pitcairn volcanic islands, has no residents and is visited by scientists only once or twice every decade. However, as it turns out, humans do not need to be physically present to pollute an area. In this case, the waste is brought in by the South Pacific Gyre, an ocean current that sends garbage moving through the sea to Henderson.
What’s even worse is that the unsightly rubbish scattered (分散)across the island’s sandy beaches is just the tip of the iceberg. According to the researchers, over 68% of the waste is buried under the sand. This means their estimates, based on the waste found up to 10 centimeters below the sand, may be underestimating the full extent of the pollution.
Besides being aesthetically(审美地) unpleasing, the waste is also harmful to the island’s wildlife. Lavers and study co-author Alexander Bond discovered sea turtles that come to the island to lay eggs caught inside fishing lines. The waste is also harmful to seabirds and fish that mistake the colorful plastic pieces for food.
Environmentalists like Boyan Slat, who founded The Ocean Cleanup in 2011 after discovering “more bags than fish” while diving in Greece, are trying to clean up the mess. However, their efforts will only make a difference if we all join them by avoiding plastic altogether or reusing and recycling.
Unless we find ways to change the situation, this ever increasing pollution will cause a serious risk to the health of our planet and all its residents, including humans.
1. What do we know about Henderson Island？| A．There are no animals on it. |
| B．There are no people living on it. |
| C．It’s known for its various resources. |
| D．It’s the largest island in the South Pacific Ocean. |
| A．Humans presence caused most of the pollution on the island. |
| B．The volcanic eruption and the closest human settlement lead to the pollution. |
| C．Most of the rubbish is scattered across the island’s’ beaches. |
| D．An ocean current has carried the garbage to the island. |
| A．The impact of sea waste. |
| B．The level of sea pollution. |
| C．How to deal with ocean trash. |
| D．How to protect the island’s wildlife. |
| A．To introduce famous volcanic island. |
| B．To praise environmentalists for their efforts. |
| C．To call on people to take action on pollution. |
| D．To explain the consequences of the South Pacific Gyre. |
5 . Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.
Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.
New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.
The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.
1. Which of the following is true?| A．Diwali, one of the festivals in India, is not important to Idians. |
| B．The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history. |
| C．Dehli, once a constant reminder of the area’s history, has shrunk. |
| D．The government did nothing to protect its citizens against the pollution. |
| A．The parents whose children have to stay at home. |
| B．The pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed. |
| C．The manufacturers who produce antipollution masks. |
| D．The officials who have to work out of their offices. |
| A．released | B．polluted | C．purified | D．restricted |
| A．Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi |
| B．Farmers in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble |
| C．Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi |
| D．Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi |
6 . Hardware in general, and smartphones in particular, have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites （垃圾填埋场）.
Electronic waste（ e-waste ） currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone, laptop and power bank. They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghana's capital, Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world, where 10, 000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process. They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.
But Agbogbloshie should not exist. The Basel Convention, a 1989 treaty, aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. The e-waste industry, however, circumvents the regulations by exporting e-waste labelled as "secondhand goods" to poor countries like Ghana, knowing full well that it is heading for a landfill site.
A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals. This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury （水银），lead and even arsenic（砷）. Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority（EFSA） . Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of Ghana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.
Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste. For example, Germany has started a project that includes a sustainable （可持续的）recycling system at Agbogbloshie, along with a health clinic for workers. However, governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware, especially when governments green policies are focused on issues like climate change.
Only the manufacturers can fix this. A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral.
1. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？| A．Electronic products need improving urgently. |
| B．Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycled. |
| C．Electronic waste requires more landfill sites across Ghana. |
| D．Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie. |
| A．Tightens. | B．Abolishes. |
| C．Gets around. | D．Brings in. |
| A．The violation of EFSA's standards. |
| B．The lack of diversity in Ghana's exports. |
| C．The damage to chicken's immune system. |
| D．The threat of polluted food around the world. |
| A．Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economy. |
| B．Governments' adjusting their green policies about e-waste. |
| C．Reducing customers 'demands for electronic products. |
| D．Letting governments take on the main responsibility. |
1.垃圾处理面临严峻形势；2.垃圾分类的意义；3.呼吁积极参与垃圾分类。
注意：
1.词数：80左右；
2.内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：垃圾分类rubbish classification
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8 . A young sperm whale discovered dead off the coast of Spain died from eating a lot of rubbish. About 64 pounds of rubbish， including plastic bags， ropes and fishing nets， was found inside the sperm whale＇s dead body.
The 32-foot-long whale was discovered near the small holiday place of Cabo de Palos in the southeast Murcia area in February. Officials at the EI Valle Wildlife Reserve Center found that it had died because it was unable to remove the rubbish from its body.
The animal＇s sad death has prompted Murcia＇s government alongside the European Environmental Association and the European Fund Regional Development， to start some actions against ocean waste.
Consuelo Rosauro， the government＇s director for the natural environment， said， ＂The plastics in seas and oceans are one of the biggest dangers to the protection of wildlife in the world. ＂＂Many animals get caught in the rubbish or eat a lot of plastics， which end up causing their death， she added. ＂The problem is common in the Murcia area， and we must solve it by taking clean-up actions and，above all， increasing awareness of local people.
About 19 billion pounds of plastic waste ends up in the world＇s oceans each year. Researchers say that the amount of plastic waste will be twice as much as it is now by 2025 if quick action is not taken.
The sperm whales are the largest of the toothed whales and the largest predators（食肉动物） They will move seasonally for feeding and giving birth. They are fond of living together， and even 300 sperm whales live in a group. The females work together to protect and look after their young. Females give birth every four to twenty years and care for the young ones for more than ten years. A grown sperm whale has few natural enemies But it does not mean they are totally safe. At least they face the problem of rubbish now.
1. Why did that sperm whale die？| A．Because it could not find food. | B．Because it was already too old. |
| C．Because it had eaten too much rubbish. | D．Because it could not leave the rubbish around it. |
| A．The protection of wildlife is very hard. |
| B．The locals＇awareness of protecting wildlife should be raised. |
| C．Local people have thrown much rubbish in seas |
| D．There are many actions dealing with rubbish in seas. |
| A．Sperm whales can die easily. | B．People really care about wildlife. |
| C．A lot of wildlife is in danger now. | D．Pollution in seas and oceans harms wildlife. |
9 . For years scientists have been worried about the effects of air pollution on the earth’s natural conditions. Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside. It may be one hundred times worse.
Indoor air pollution can cause a person to feel tired, to suffer eye pain, headache and other problems. Some pollutants(污染物)can cause breathing disorders, diseases of blood and even cancer.Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution.
People have paid more attention to the problem now. It is said that. When builders began making houses and offices, they did not waste energy. To do this they built buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside. They also began using man-made building materials. These materials are now known to let out harmful gases
As the problem became more serious scientists began searching for a way to deal with it. They discovered a natural pollution control system for building——green plants. Scientists do not really know how plants control air pollution. They believe that a plant’s leaves absorb or take in the pollutants. In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves and small organizations on its roots. Scientists suggest that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space. Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different chemicals. So the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants. Having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and healthier place.
1. Some kind of indoor pollution can be found in______.| A．all kinds of offices | B．every old house |
| C．all kinds of houses | D．every modern house |
| A．the man-made building materials and the limit of air-flow |
| B．the building way that the builders want to save energy |
| C．the building things that are made of man-made materials |
| D．the limit of the flow of air between inside and outside |
| A．plants can absorb all kinds of harmful indoor chemicals |
| B．plants may take in more oxygen which people need |
| C．plants can let out all kinds of pollutants indoors |
| D．plants can make our houses prettier |
10 . Something strange was happening inside LeeAnne’s home. During the summer of 2014，14-year-old J.D. had stomach severe pains, but his CT scan found nothing wrong. LeeAnne and her husband lost hair and suffered dizziness and headaches. LeeAnne even lost her eyelashes.
In January 2015, the city of Flint sent out a notice that the water supply, switched from the Detroit water system to the Flint River to cut cost, contained high levels of trihalomethanes (三卤甲烷). The notice warned that people with poor immune (免疫的) systems might be at increased risk for liver, kidney, and nervous system problems but emphasized that the water was otherwise safe to drink.
Alarmed, LeeAnne researched the water supply and searched the Internet. Then she distributed a fact sheet to city officials, listing the side effects of exposure to trihalomethanes. Then she urged her neighbors to attend city council meetings, where they shared their health problems. Still, officials insisted the water was safe to drink. So LeeAnne demanded that the city test her water.
The results were disturbing. The trihalomethanes were the least of her problems. The lead levels in her water were nearly seven times the legal amount. But the city maintained her plumbing (管道) was the cause.
LeeAnne immediately had her children tested for lead. All the kids showed lead exposure. She read Flint’s water quality reports and discovered the city wasn’t applying the proper corrosion (腐蚀) control standards to its pipes; the standards prevent the metal in pipes from leaching into the water.
In March, a follow-up test of LeeAnne’s water showed lead levels nearly 27 times higher than the EPA’s threshold. LeeAnne’s pipes could not be responsible for the high lead levels, since they were plastic.
In September, Virginia Tech lab released a report that concluded the Flint River water was 19 times more corrosive than the Detroit water.
The governor eventually admitted the water was unsafe. He ordered that Flint’s water supply be switched back to Detroit’s. In Washington, President Barack Obama declared a state of emergency in Flint and ordered federal aid to help the city recover.
1. How did LeeAnne react to the city notice?| A．She had her children tested for lead. |
| B．She asked the city to replace her pipes. |
| C．She urged the officials to test Flint’s water. |
| D．She collected side effects of trihalomethanes. |
| A．The lead in their water. |
| B．Corrosion to their pipes. |
| C．Their poor immune systems. |
| D．Exposure to Trihalomethanes. |
| A．unconcerned | B．cautious |
| C．doubtful | D．objective |
| A．Revealing the truth takes time. |
| B．Nothing can stop a determined heart. |
| C．It takes courage to challenge authority. |
| D．Joint effort is the key to solving problems. |
