1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traditionally, livestreamers sell delicious snacks or local goodies. But     1     recent livestream event in Tibet autonomous region did something different. Waste plastic bottles,     2     are regarded as a great damage to the local environment, were sold for 0.5 yuan each, with the purpose of raising peopled     3     (aware) of Tibet’s pollution issue.

According to the Sohu website, in 2019, about 40 million tourists visited Tibet, which in consequence left about 360 million plastic bottles     4     (throw) in branches, on cliffs and in rivers. Not only does the white pollution cause serious threat to the delicate ecosystem     5     the death of local animals.

Over the past few years, more than 5,000 volunteers of different ages and from all walks of life     6     (participate) in the anti-white pollution campaign. They carry out over 2,000 clean-ups to collect 200,000 bottles left by tourists each year. Then the bottles are sorted by color and shipped inland     7     (make) raw materials. Roughly, each bottle costs about 0.5 yuan.

The livestream has successfully involved more people     8     the anti-white pollution campaign. People can scan QR code and donate money to encourage more people to collect bottles. It’s really a meaningful event and helps to make     9     possible for us human beings to coexist with nature     10     (harmonious).

2 . It's no secret that inhaling(吸入)smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on the research that found wildfire smoke is full of thousands of species of microorganisms(微生物).Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores(真菌抱子).are known to cause disease.

The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plants or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne. You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply after fires. Scientists say the organisms stick with smoke particulates(颗粒物), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.

Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant number could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen. "But when I read this, I started thinking, could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses?"

Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infections or simply worsen potential respiratory(呼吸的)issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming", says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer protective means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.

But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor-including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.

1. What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2?

A．Some could reproduce after fires.

B．They could be killed by high heat.

C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.

D．Some could copy the smoke particulates.

2. How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?

A．They will cause lung infection.	B．They might worsen lung diseases.
C．They will destroy living environments.	D．They might damage respiratory systems.

3. Why are lower-income people suffering more than others according to Kelsey Jack?

A．They live in poor areas.	B．They drive to and from work·
C．They have suffered from lung disease.	D．They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.

4. What does Chen advise people to do in the last paragraph?

A．To wait for the results of more researches.

B．To ignore the air quality and to work out outdoors.

C．To follow previous suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.

D．To avoid using filters and air conditioning.

3 . Light pollution is blocking a starry view of the night sky for more than half of people across England, a research has found.

Fifty-seven percent of stargazers(观星者)struggled to see more than 10 stars, while just 2% of participants said they experienced a truly dark sky enabling them to count more than 30, according to the research by the Campaign to Protect Rural England(CPRE). People in the countryside were encouraged to count how many stars they could see with eyes within the constellation(星座)of Orion, which is visible only in the winter months.

Campaigners said the results of the star count, supported by the British Astronomical Association, showed the problem of light pollution and how it affected one of the countryside's most magical sights-a dark, starry night sky. They said the results of the research to map England's night skies suggested more could be done by the government, local councils and the general public to lessen the negative effects of artificial light from streets and buildings.

Emma Marrington, dark skies campaigner at the CPRE, said, “We're hugely grateful to the people who took the time to get out and take part in our star count. But it's deeply disappointing that the vast majority were unable to experience the natural wonder of a truly dark sky blanketed with stars. Without intervention, our night sky will continue to be lost under a covering of artificial light, ruining the health of the natural world.”

She added, “The star count results show just how far-reaching the light from street lights and buildings can be seen. Light doesn't respect boundaries, and careless use can see it spread for miles from cities.”

She suggested better-designed lighting, street light dimming(暗淡)systems and partnight lighting where some street lights are turned off during the small hours should provide an opportunity to limit the damage caused by light pollution, reduce carbon emissions and save money.

1. What effect does the light pollution bring about to England?

A．It leads the stars to disappear.

B．It makes the countryside dim.

C．It makes the environment terrible.

D．It prevents the people seeing stars.

2. What causes the light pollution according to the text?

A．The overuse of artificial light.

B．More and more buildings.

C．Less and less outdoor activities.

D．The spread of light in the countryside.

3. How does Emma feel about the stargazers' efforts?

A．Regretful.	B．Surprised.
C．Appreciative.	D．Disappointed.

4. What is Emma's suggestion for dealing with the light pollution?

A．Changing the streets' design.

B．Turning off lights at night.

C．Spreading light further.

D．Using street lights wisely.