1 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the woman doing?

A．Joining a protest.

B．Interviewing the man.

C．Giving a speech.

2. Why is the woman in front of the factory?

A．She is looking for her husband.

B．Her salary hasn’t been paid by the boss.

C．The factory is polluting the environment.

3. Who has been coughing all night?

A．The woman’s husband.

B．People in the community.

C．The workers in the factory.

4. What did the woman advise the man to do?

A．To shout with her.

B．To go to the government.

C．To cover the event.

2 . Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

91. The Problem of Packaging

A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.

Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.

People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to recycling company for processing.

The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.

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3 . The essence (本质) of fast fashion is to make clothes inexpensively and quickly, to get new trends and styles into stores and online as soon as possible, and it comes at a high social and environmental cost. Keeping production costs low means they can make their clothes cheap, using cheap labour in unsafe working conditions, and in countries with bad environmental regulations.

Throw-away culture is deeply rooted in our society; three in five of our clothing pieces are thrown out within a year. Fast fashion brands keep the consumers hungry and feeling like they need more by attracting them with newness and convincing the consumers that they need what they’re selling. This only results in increasing textile waste as people no longer want but throw it away.

Criticisms of the fast fashion industry include its negative environmental impact: water pollution, the use of toxic (有毒的) chemicals and increasing levels of textile waste. Textile dyeing is the second largest polluter of clean water globally, after agriculture. Fast fashion companies rely on their products being made cheaply and quickly, so they avoid talking when it comes to being aware of their impact on the environment. Greenpeace’s recent Detox Campaign showed that many brands use toxic and dangerous chemicals in their supply chains, and many of the chemicals are either banned or strictly controlled in lots of countries.

In conclusion, the fast fashion industry has a bad effect on our environment through fast fashion brands’ ecological practices and only continues to make the problem last for a long time in the future through extreme consumerist culture. In order for change to happen, the common people need to open their eyes and take measures to prevent the fast fashion from growing.

1. What’s one of the characteristics of fast fashion?

A．Causing a lot of anxiety.	B．Making people buy old clothes.
C．Selling most clothes through stores.	D．Producing clothes quickly.

2. Why are fast fashion clothes cheap?

A．They are mainly sold online.	B．They are made in unsafe countries.
C．They are made by cheap labour.	D．They save the cost of advertising.

3. How does the society think of throwing away clothes according to the author?

A．Natural.

B．Surprising.

C．Absurd.

D．Puzzling.

4. What’s the way to change fast fashion mentioned in the text?

A．Changing fast fashion brands’ working conditions.

B．Changing clothes stores’ sales model.

C．Introducing stricter laws for factories.

D．Raising public awareness of preventing fast fashion.

4 . Around the world, people are realizing the significant problems caused by plastic waste. In the last 65 years, we have become increasingly dependent on plastic. It’s easy to understand why: it’s cheap to produce, light — therefore easy and cheap to transport — and incredibly strong and durable.     1    

One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single use plastics. In the British supermarkets, shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.     2     Some governments have even promised to ban the use of single-use plastic altogether by the not-too-distant future.

However, such plans may not be beneficial to eliminate (消除) the use of single-use plastic altogether.     3     This is not just because of its low cost. It’s also because infection and cross-contamination (交叉感染) are minimized. Plastic packaging is also crucial in the food industry. It ensures that food is safe for consumers.

Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example.     4     The process requires cutting trees, the emission of greenhouse gases and the production of poisonous chemical waste. Even more pollution is created when paper bags break down.

Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.     5     Industries that rely on single-use plastics for people’s health and safety must be considered. Moreover, alternative materials must be evaluated strictly regarding their own environmental impact.

A．But it’s these advantages that also make it so harmful.

B．They are very fragile and rarely reusable, unlike plastic.

C．One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is medicine.

D．However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option.

E．It also boosts the local economy and save costs in managing littering and waste.

F．Bans on single-use plastic items like drinking straws are also coming into place.

G．According to a research, they require four times more energy when produced than a plastic bag.

6 . Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery. Although it is one of the most remote places on the earth and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in plastic waste. They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastic, weighing almost 18 tons, with thousands of new pieces washing up each day. “No country has a free pass-we found plastic from everywhere,” said one scientist. “We all have a responsibility, and we have to sit up and pay attention. This is not an issue to ignore. We need to do something now to protect the sea.”

Plastic waste in the sea has long been known about, but only now are we discovering the true extent of the problem. Plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose, so all the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere. Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea. Currents collect this waste in large circular systems called “gyres”. One of the largest is in the Pacific Ocean, an area now known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”.

The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or “micro plastic”. This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss. Humans also eat these fish, and micro plastic has even been found in tap water around the world. The problem has spread too far to ignore. The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds’ worth of global annual plastic production. That production will more than triple by 2050. Then there will be the same weight of plastic in the sea as fish.

However, there are some young minds working to clean up and protect the sea for future generations. While diving in Greece, young Boyan Slat noticed there was more plastic waste than fish. He decided right then to dedicate his life to solving this problem. Previously the problem was considered too big to solve; collecting the plastic with boats and nets would be expensive, would harm sea life, and would take thousands of years! But, Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you? To work with the currents and gyres would help collect the waste. So he started The Ocean Cleanup project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific. Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled. He hopes to reduce the patch by 50% in just five years.

“Many problems today are side effects of things people didn’t think about in the past”, he says. Sea plastic is a symbol of the negative effects of our lifestyle and technology. Our aim should be to create a new lifestyle for this century. Protecting the sea from plastic is a good place to start.

1. What alarming discovery did the scientists make?

A．They discovered a tiny island in the South Pacific Ocean.

B．They discovered there was plastic everywhere on Henderson Island.

C．They discovered that there was no human beings on Henderson Island.

D．They discovered Henderson Island was the most remote place in the world.

2. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Micro plastic is merely harmful to the fish in the sea.

B．Not all the countries have to face the problem of plastic trash.

C．Nowadays there is the same weight of plastic in the sea as fish.

D．Most plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea.

3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A．How the Ocean Cleanup project works.

B．The problem of plastic cleanup is too big to tackle.

C．Let the sea itself decompose the plastic waste naturally.

D．Collecting plastic with boats and nets would be a good way.

4. Which of the following words best describe Boyan Slat?

A．Considerate and straightforward.	B．Intelligent and responsible.
C．Knowledgeable and sensitive.	D．Devoted and courageous.

10 . People depend on insects to pollinate the plants that make many of the fruits, nuts and vegetables we eat. Past studies had shown urban air pollution might veil the smells insects use to find flowers. Computer models predicted this would cause problems for insects, seeking flowers for a meal. But scientists weren’t sure that would happen in real life.

James Ryalls, a biologist, and his team decided to find out if it would. Working in a field, his group crafted a system made up of large rings. Each area was open, so nearby insects could fly into it. The researchers pumped pollutant gases into these rings. Then during each field season, the scientists recorded how many times pollinators visited the flowers in each ring.

“The results were much more severe than we thought,” Ryalls says. Adding pollution “caused up to 90 percent fewer insects to be able to find the flowers that they need for food,” he says. This was in comparison to the pollutant-free rings. In some cases, only some 30 percent of the pollinating insects even entered the circles with polluted gases.

Counting insects proved easier than getting the pollution into the rings, notes Ryalls. He spent much of his time working on parts of the system that needed fixing. Along the way, gas spills occurred. “By the end of each summer experiment I smelt like a petrol station,” he says. One effect: “Insects now avoid me.”

Later, they counted seed pods on the plants. Overall, only around seven in every 10 flowers had been pollinated. That means there were far fewer seeds in polluted circles. If these were fruit or vegetable plants, there would have been far less food produced.

This study focused on insects finding flowers. But insects also use smells for communication and attracting mates. If air pollution covers those smells too, these tiny animals might face more threats to their survival.

1. What does the underlined word “veil” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A．Add.

B．Mask.

C．Release.

D．Form.

2. What did scientists do in the experiment?

A．They counted insect visits to flowers.	B．They studied different polluted gases.
C．They drove some insects into the rings.	D．They pollinated flowers by themselves.

3. What is the finding of Ryalls’ experiment?

A．Pollution can result in fewer flowers.	B．Insects are afraid of the rings in the field.
C．Insects struggle to find flowers in polluted air.	D．Plant flowers depend on insects to pollinate.

4. What is most probably talked about in the next paragraph?

A．The aim of the study.	B．Ways to help pollinators.
C．Insects’ various survival skills.	D．Insects’ means of communication.