1 . 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。

As we all know, there are varieties of resources in the depths of the sea. However,     1     (随着时间的流逝)，some marine creatures have died out. Therefore, marine pollution has been of great global concern.

First of all,     2     (迫切需要) make people aware of the importance of protecting the ocean, because     3     (保护海洋就是保护人类，不定式作主语和表语).     4     (与此同时), we     5     (赞成政府采取有效措施) to keep the balance of nature. No matter how great the difficulty is, we will have the marine resources properly     6     (exploit) and never will we give up protecting the ocean.

2 . People use plastic bags to carry items like food and clothes, which are bought from shops. Plastic bags are commonly used, even though we know they can damage the environment.

There are many root causes to attribute the problem of plastic bag waste in Nigeria and other countries. Several European countries have adopted a fee for plastic bags, taking into account the negative effect of plastic bags on agricultural production. Even though charging a levy on plastic bags has a positive effect on protecting and preserving the fertility of agricultural land, the dominant usage of plastic bags itself would negate (使无效) the benefits or advantages of the levy.

The major impact of plastic bags on the environment is that it takes many years to for them to decompose. In addition, toxic substances are released into the soil when plastic bags perish under sunlight and, if plastic bags are burned, they release a toxic substance into the air causing ambient air pollution. Animals often confuse the bags for food and consume them, therefore blocking their digestive processes. Animals becoming entanglement in marine debris, including plastic bags, may cause starvation, choking, laceration, infection, reduced reproductive success, and mortality. There were instances where large endangered tortoises were found to have suffocated because of the mistaken swallowing of plastic bags combined with seaweed.

The presence of plastics in the marine environment poses several challenges that hinder economic development. Trapped plastic bags along coastlines produces an environmental challenge that has detrimental effects on tourism. Economic losses are linked to lower tourism earnings, adverse effects on tourist activities, and harm to the marine environment. Trapped shoreline plastic has a negative effect on shipping infrastructure, energy production, fishing, and aquaculture.

Plastic bags pose a threat not only to marine life, but also to agricultural land. Plastic bags are accountable for the dilapidation of the atmosphere and agricultural land, which has inadvertently used up precious earth resources, in particular oil. This now poses a major challenge to environmental and agricultural production. Discarded plastic bags that have already made their way into the field are not only particularly detrimental to farming but also severely harmful. The consequence of this would be the environmental deterioration of the so-called developed global society.

It is very unfortunate that, although plastic bags have been seen to have reduced agricultural production worldwide, there has been little significant awareness-raising initiatives to undertake proper, effective and concrete proactive action. Indeed, few serious scientific investigations have been made by international organisations and the international community to reduce the ever-increasing consumption of plastic bags.

1. What happens after European countries have adopted a fee for plastic bags?

A．Negative effects of plastic bags on agricultural production are caused.

B．The use of plastic bags is prohibited.

C．The use of plastic bags is still prevalant.

D．The problem of plastic bag waste emerges.

2. According to the passage, what ISN’T affected by plastic bags?

A．The fertility of agricultural land.	B．Marine life.
C．Desertification.	D．Agricultural production.

3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Most people are not aware that plastic bags can damage the environment.

B．Plastic bags can be easily decomposed.

C．The combination of legislation and pricing has successfully curbed the short-term use of plastic bags.

D．Proper and effective measures are badly needed to reduce the use of plastic bags.

4. Which can be the best title for the passage?

A．A Major Source of Land-based Litter and Marine Debris

B．The Negative Environmental Effects of Plastic Shopping Bags

C．Restriction of the Free Sale of Plastic Bags

D．Impact on the Environment

3 . Naturalist Enzo Suma, who is now 40, lives in Puglia, a region in southern Italy whose long coastline faces the Adriatic Sea. Floating waste accumulates in this relatively enclosed part of the Mediterranean, unlike the open ocean, where the waste tends to be spread over a vast area. Feeling concerned about that, Suma makes it a habit to pick up the washed-up waste along the shore, especially after big winter storms.

One day, Suma was walking along the beach near his home when he discovered a bottle of Coke. Suma noticed on the bottle that the price, clearly printed on the bottom, was in lire, a currency (货币) that hadn’t been used in Italy since it was replaced by the euro in 2002. Could a plastic container have well survived in the Mediterranean, he wondered, for about two decades?

That led him to founding the Archeoplastica museum. It has a collection of about 500 unique pieces recovered from Italian shores and the Coke bottle is the first one of them. All collection demonstrates the unsettling life force of plastic waste in the environment. “Seeing that a product people may have used 30, 40, or 50 years ago remains still unchanged, you’ll feel different. It’s a great shock,” Suma said to a reporter. So Suma often exhibits selected pieces from the Archeoplastica collection at local schools around his hometown of Ostuni.

“The playful side of the work allows you to arrive at the less beautiful side of things,” Suma acknowledged. “Plastic is a kind of useful substance. But it’s unthinkable that a water bottle, made from a material designed to last so long, can be used for just a few days—or even minutes—before becoming garbage. Clean the beaches. Clean the oceans. Recycle. But if we are still throwing out plastics, none of those are going to be long-term solutions.”

1. What’s Suma’s concern about his living place?

A．Its long coastline is disappearing.	B．Big storms frequently hit the area.
C．Floating waste spreads over a vast area.	D．The waste pollution on shore is worsening.

2. What can be learned about the objects in the Archeoplastica museum?

A．They have a history of more than half a century.

B．They were quite valuable before turning into waste.

C．They’re more like educational exhibits than garbage.

D．They have stronger life force than ordinary plastic products.

3. Which of the following can best describe Enzo Suma?

A．Creative, devoted and socially responsible.	B．Enthusiastic, ambitious and adventurous.
C．Generous, cautious and humorous.	D．Curious, efficient and playful.

4. What does Suma intend to tell us by his words in the last paragraph?

A．The birth of plastics has greatly served humans.

B．The key to tackling the plastic pollution is to stop littering.

C．The plastic problem can be solved by cleaning and recycling.

D．People should be more aware of the powerful functions of plastics.

4 . Have you ever stopped to consider how empty the world would look without trees? Below are five of the top benefits that trees provide.

    1     When adults who are feeling down spend time in the forest, they feel better. Forest therapy can range from simply walking among the trees for a couple of hours to meditating (冥想) in a forest. The adults note they become more confident and their mood improves after forest therapy.

Trees help you heal faster. Natural environments, including forests, help you reach a more positive state of mind.     2     In fact, sick people with exposure to nature heal faster than those who don’t, even if it’s just a view through a window!

Trees reduce air pollution and improve respiratory (呼吸的) health. Trees take in many harmful pollutants from our environment.     3    These forests reduce an estimated 670, 000 cases of respiratory illness and save 850 lives.

Trees provide oxygen. Trees are like the lungs of our Earth. They supply us with oxygen while taking away our carbon dioxide and ask for nothing in return. A single tree can provide enough oxygen for four people.     4    

Trees cool cities. Trees cool things down by offering shade and through evapotranspiration (蒸腾作用).     5     Trees even save your money on your electric bill. When a tree offers direct shade for your home, you’ll use less air conditioning.

A．Trees cheer you up!

B．Trees help reduce the effects of climate change.

C．This, in turn, affects your overall state of wellness.

D．In fact, large forests can influence regional weather patterns.

E．So plant more trees around your home if you want to feel cooler.

F．And of course, trees also provide plenty of oxygen for birds and other wildlife.

G．For example, in the US, forests remove 17.4 million tons of pollution per year.

5 . 语篇填空

Nowadays, our living conditions are becoming increasingly serious owing to the destruction of our environment. Many plants and     1    (animal) are endangered, and all the food chain has been destroyed,     2     has aroused a wide concern among people.

It is obvious that there are many reasons     3     this phenomenon. Firstly, the overuse of natural resources has a bad effect on     4     balance of natural ecology. Secondly, the population of the world is increasing rapidly, making the world too     5     (crowd) for us to live in. Thirdly, it is the smoke released from factories and cars that     6     (pollute) the environment badly.

Personally, I hold the view that effective measures must be taken     7     (improve) the present situation. To begin with, the government must     8     (sure) pass laws to prevent people from throwing rubbish everywhere, and prevent factories from harming the environment. Besides, as a member of the society, we are bound to do something for environmental     9     (protect), such as planting more trees,     10     (recycle) natural resources and so on. I’m sure that things will be better in the near future if we insist on doing like this.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Factory farming involves     1     (keep) farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. According to an institute, “74% of the world’s poultry, 43% of its beef and 68% of its eggs     2     (produce) in this way.”

The main     3     (argue) for factory farming is that, apart from being a lot cheaper than     4     (tradition) or organic farming, it     5     (provide) more food for a world population that has already reached seven billion. As factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high. Moreover, factory-farmed animals suffer from     6     (few) diseases than those living outside.

On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals. For instance, many farm animals are kept in small spaces     7     they can hardly move. In addition to this, factory farming has a negative impact     8     the environment because it creates a lot of waste products, and uses a lot of chemicals to control insects and drugs     9     (treat) diseases.

To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves. We should try to reduce this kind of farming, although we would have to pay more for our eggs     10     meat.

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. balance            B. communicate            C. contaminated            D. deprive                  E. disruptive F. dramatically       G. interrupt                 H. mate                       I. occupational            J. respectively K. vibrations

Noisy Earth

When we think of pollution, we usually think of harmful toxins in the environment. For example, air pollution is    1    air that can be dangerous to breathe. But there is another kind of pollution which can be just as harmful to living things as other types of pollution.

Noise pollution consists of loud sounds in the environment that are    2    . Just like other types of pollution, noise pollution is caused by humans and is mainly a problem in urbans. Car alarm sirens, construction work and the roar of engines are just a few examples of noise pollution.

Why should we be concerned about noise pollution? According to a World Health Organization report, noise can cause serious health problems. It may    3    people of sleep and causes heart disease and hearing loss. These problems are    4    hazards for people who work in noisy places. Musicians, mechanics, police officers, and airport workers all have to put up with noise pollution.

Physical health problems are just some of the effects of noise. Noise also affects learning ability and memory. Noise poses a threat to animals in nature as well, which can cause them to die from lack of food. For example, some types of birds cannot find food in areas that have bad noise pollution. Whales, for example, produce sounds in order to     5    with each other. Noises in the ocean from ships and other human activities can    6    whale communication. The noises can also affect the ability of whales to find a    7    , which could reduce whale populations. In addition, researchers discovered that noise pollution can cause physical harm to those marine animals. They found several dead giant squids off the coast of Spain. In this respect,     8    from the guns of naval ships in the area tore holes in the squids’ statocysts. Statocysts are organs behind the squids’ eyes that help them maintain    9    . Damage to the statocysts made it impossible for the squids to swim, eat, or reproduce, and they died.

Countries around the world recognize that noise pollution is a real problem. Many government agencies already control noise from trucks and buses. Noise barriers covered with plants along the highway    10    reduced noise for nearby apartment dwellers. With these health and safety regulations and increased awareness, we may be able to live in a quieter world.

8 . Coca -Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle have been accused of “zero progress” on reducing plastic waste, after being named the world’s top plastic polluters for the third year in a row.

Coca -Cola was ranked the world’s No. 1 plastic polluter by Break Free From Plastic in its annual audit, after its beverage bottles were the most frequently found discarded on beaches, rivers, parks and other litter sites in 51 of 55 nations surveyed. Last year it was the most frequently littered bottle in 37 countries, out of 51 surveyed.

The annual audit, undertaken by 15,000 volunteers around the world, identifies the largest number of plastic products from global brands found in the highest number of countries.     1    

Coca -Cola came under fire from environmental campaigners earlier this year when it announced it would not abandon plastic bottles, saying they were popular with customers. In March, Coca -Cola, PepsiCo, Nestle and Unilever were found to be responsible for half a million tonnes of plastic pollution in six developing countries each year in a survey.

“     2    But instead they are continuing to pump out harmful single -use plastic packaging,” said Emma Priestland, Break Free From Plastic’s global campaign coordinator. Priestland said the only way to halt the growing global tide of plastic litter was to stop production, phase out single use and implement reuse systems. “Coca -Cola, PepsiCo, and Nestle should be leading the way in finding real solutions to reinvent how they deliver their products,” she said. Coca -Cola said it was working to address packaging waste, in partnership with others, and disputed the claim that it was making no progress. “     3    And the plastic can be recycled into new bottles,” a spokesperson said. “Bottles with 100% recycled plastic are now available in 18 markets around the world, and this is continually growing.” The spokesperson said Coca –Cola had also reduced plastic use in secondary packaging, and that globally ”more than 20% of our portfolio comes in refillable or fountain packaging“.

A spokesperson for PepsiCo said the company was taking action to tackle packaging through “partnership, innovation and investments”. They said it has set plastic reduction goals “including decreasing virgin plastic in our beverage business by 35% by 2025“, and was also ”growing refill and reuse through businesses like SodaStream and SodaStream Professional, which we expect will avoid 67 billion single -use plastic bottles through 2025”.

    4    But it recognised more was needed: “We are intensifying our actions to make 100% of our packaging recyclable or reusable by 2025 and to reduce our use of virgin plastics by one-third in the same period. So far, 87% of our total packaging and 66% of our plastic packaging is recyclable or reusable.”

A．The world’s top polluting corporations claim to be working hard to solve plastic pollution.

B．Up to 91% of all the plastic waste ever generated has not been recycled and ended up being incinerated, in landfill or in the natural environment.

C．A statement from Nestle said the company was making “meaningful progress” in sustainable packaging.

D．Globally, we have a commitment to get every bottle back by 2030, so that none of it ends up as litter or in the oceans.

E．This year they collected 346, 494 pieces of plastic waste, 63% of which was marked clearly with a consumer brand.

F．Coca-Cola branding was found to be worse than PepsiCo and Nestle combined.

9 . 语法填空

Air pollution, global warming and overflowing landfills are the most serious environmental problems we are currently facing today.

The main cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels.Other human activities,such as construction and the burning of waste,also contribute to air pollution.The effects on our health can be very serious.You can easily contribute to     1     (reduce) air pollution by using public transport.

Global warming     2     (cause) by the build-up of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere.These trap the sun’s heat and warm up the planet.Global warming has already caused     3     wide range of problems.

Landfills are used for waste disposal in many countries around the world.However,due     4     the amount of waste our lifestyles produce,these landfills are now reaching full capacity.When this happens,the chances of dangerous     5     (chemical) in the waste entering our water supply increase.The amount of waste in landfills in China     6     (rise) greatly over the last decade.The government is now trying to find alternative waste disposal methods.Apart from the three Rs (Reduce,Reuse and Recycle),some experts have begun advocating the fourth R — Responsibility.They believe     7    although recycling waste is effective,the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills     8     (be) to encourage people     9     (take) responsibility for reducing the waste they produce     10     (they).

10 . 近年来，有机农业成为一个热点话题，为此你班同学在英语课上展开了关于有机农业的讨论，请你根据下表内容用英语写一篇文章，介绍一下讨论情况。

80%赞同	1.降低环境污染的程度；2.降低农业生产成本。
20%反对	目前有机食物不能满足市场需求。
你的看法	……

注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

In recent years, organic farming   ________ (popularity), so our class had a discussion about it. ________ (opinion, topic).

80% of students are in favor of it. Firstly, they think organic farming ________ (beneficial, environment) by reducing the level of pollution. Secondly, it reduces the costs of agricultural production. However, 20% of them insist that now organic food ________ (meet, demand), and that there is still a long way for organic farming to provide sufficient food.

In my opinion, we should ________ (attitude, organic farming), and I believe that it will be very mature in the future.