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1 . 假定你是李华,你班的同学们利用周末在街头进行了一个有关“White Pollution”的调查。请你负责写一篇调查报告给英语报投稿。
1.人们的观点;
2.目前存在的现象;
3.呼吁人们采取行动。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述自然主义者Enzo Suma创办了Archeoplastica博物馆,通过展览向学校和社区展示塑料垃圾的持久性和环境影响,呼吁人们清理海滩、清理海洋和回收塑料以解决这一问题。

2 . Naturalist Enzo Suma, who is now 40, lives in Puglia, a region in southern Italy whose long coastline faces the Adriatic Sea. Floating waste accumulates in this relatively enclosed part of the Mediterranean, unlike the open ocean, where the waste tends to be spread over a vast area. Feeling concerned about that, Suma makes it a habit to pick up the washed-up waste along the shore, especially after big winter storms.

One day, Suma was walking along the beach near his home when he discovered a bottle of Coke. Suma noticed on the bottle that the price, clearly printed on the bottom, was in lire, a currency (货币) that hadn’t been used in Italy since it was replaced by the euro in 2002. Could a plastic container have well survived in the Mediterranean, he wondered, for about two decades?

That led him to founding the Archeoplastica museum. It has a collection of about 500 unique pieces recovered from Italian shores and the Coke bottle is the first one of them. All collection demonstrates the unsettling life force of plastic waste in the environment. “Seeing that a product people may have used 30, 40, or 50 years ago remains still unchanged, you’ll feel different. It’s a great shock,” Suma said to a reporter. So Suma often exhibits selected pieces from the Archeoplastica collection at local schools around his hometown of Ostuni.

“The playful side of the work allows you to arrive at the less beautiful side of things,” Suma acknowledged. “Plastic is a kind of useful substance. But it’s unthinkable that a water bottle, made from a material designed to last so long, can be used for just a few days—or even minutes—before becoming garbage. Clean the beaches. Clean the oceans. Recycle. But if we are still throwing out plastics, none of those are going to be long-term solutions.”

1. What’s Suma’s concern about his living place?
A.Its long coastline is disappearing.B.Big storms frequently hit the area.
C.Floating waste spreads over a vast area.D.The waste pollution on shore is worsening.
2. What can be learned about the objects in the Archeoplastica museum?
A.They have a history of more than half a century.
B.They were quite valuable before turning into waste.
C.They’re more like educational exhibits than garbage.
D.They have stronger life force than ordinary plastic products.
3. Which of the following can best describe Enzo Suma?
A.Creative, devoted and socially responsible.B.Enthusiastic, ambitious and adventurous.
C.Generous, cautious and humorous.D.Curious, efficient and playful.
4. What does Suma intend to tell us by his words in the last paragraph?
A.The birth of plastics has greatly served humans.
B.The key to tackling the plastic pollution is to stop littering.
C.The plastic problem can be solved by cleaning and recycling.
D.People should be more aware of the powerful functions of plastics.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约320词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究表明当空气中有更多的细颗粒物时,棋手在客观上表现更差,并做出更多的次优动作。

3 . A newly published study shows that chess players perform objectively worse and — make more suboptimal (次最优的) moves when there is more fine particulate matter (颗粒物) in the air.

“We find that when individuals are exposed to higher levels of air pollution, they make more mistakes, and they make larger mistakes,” says Juan Palacios, a co-author of a newly published paper detailing the study’s findings.

Scholars have produced many studies exploring the effects of air pollution on cognition. The current study adds to that literature by analyzing the subject in a particularly controlled setting. The scholars used three web-connected sensors inside the tournament venue to measure carbon dioxide, PM2.5 concentrations, and temperature, all of which, can, be affected by external conditions, even in an indoor setting.

To evaluate the matter of performance of players, meanwhile, the scholars used software programs that assess each move made in each chess match, identify optimal decisions, and flag significant errors. During the tournaments, the researchers examined and ruled out alternate potential explanations for the dip in player performance, such as increased noise. They also found that carbon dioxide and temperature changes did not correspond to performance changes. Ultimately, the analysis confirms that the findings are driven by the direct exposure to air particles.

The researchers also found that when air pollution was worse, the chess, players performed even more poorly when under time constraints. The tourmament rules required that 40 moves had to be made within 110 minutes; for moves 31-40 in all, the matches, an air pollution, increase of 10 micro-grams per cubic meter led to an increased probability of error of 3.2 percent, with the magnitude of those errors increasing by 17.3 percent. And while the focus of this particular study is tightly focused on chess players, the findings have strong implications for high-skilled office workers.

1. What does the study find about air pollution?
A.It becomes more and more serious in the gym.
B.It can help evaluate chess players’ performance.
C.It may affect more people with mental processes.
D.It can’t be affected by indoor surroundings.
2. Why were software programs used in the study?
A.To measure carbon dioxide and temperature.
B.To assess the performance of players.
C.To help players make great moves.
D.To distinguish players’ errors in time.
3. What does the underlined word “constraints” probably mean?
A.Limit.B.Freedom.C.Consumption.D.Measurement.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A.Various reasons for chess players’ mistakes.
B.A new research on chess players’ performance.
C.Scholars’ concern about chess players’ health.
D.The influence of air pollution on chess players.
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文章大意:本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了光污染的定义、造成的危害及防治建议等。

4 . We all have an idea about the common types of environmental problems. However, light pollution may be a new term to many of us. But, the fact is that it does affect mankind, other living forms and the environment as a whole.

What is light pollution? It presents all forms of misused man-made light. The obvious cause of light pollution is the use of outdoor lighting products improperly. It can be office lighting, car headlights, station lights, streetlights and many more.

Light pollution is harmful to both animals and plants. Upon studies, it is found that obvious effects are observed in the behaviour of animals that are active at night. Needless to mention, bright light at night makes it difficult for these animals to hunt, wander and perform their regular activities. Light pollution is directly or indirectly responsible for causing several diseases. Its effects are related to disturbance in the physical rhythm (节奏). It contributes to risks of developing cancerous cells. So, it’s nothing less than a threat to human health.

You have already seen the negative effects of light pollution on animals and human health. Apart from this, the actual cost of misused light is about millions of dollars every year. It also leads to the release of greenhouse gases and global warming. After all, coal or gas is used for producing electricity.

While outdoor lighting and using man-made lighting products are part of our modern lifestyle, some simple ways will surely help in reducing light pollution. For example, while installing (安装) outdoor lighting, make sure that they are pointed downwards. Also, use only the required lighting equipment for both home and offices. Believe it or not, many people living in the urban areas cannot view clear sky and stars at night. Let’s contribute our part in reducing the pollution.

1. What can we learn about light pollution?
A.It has little effect on plants.
B.It contributes to most cancers.
C.It is a negative fruit of light technology.
D.It affects animals’ behavior during the day.
2. Why does light pollution affect the climate?
A.It increases the temperature at night.
B.It creates clouds in parts of the Earth.
C.It stops the release of greenhouse gases.
D.It is related to the burning of coal and gas.
3. How can we contribute our part in reducing light pollution?
A.Forbid the use of outdoor lighting.
B.Use clean energy to produce electricity.
C.Avoid unnecessary lights at home and offices.
D.Reduce money spent on light in urban areas.
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Citizens should be banned to install outdoor lighting.
B.Only simple ways can help reduce light pollution.
C.There is no clear sky or stars over the urban areas.
D.Light pollution needs to be dealt with urgently.
智能选题,一键自动生成优质试卷~
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了污染的种类、起源以及对污染的控制等。

5 . There are many kinds of pollution, which can be classified by environment, including air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution. Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollution, such as noise pollution, light pollution and plastic pollution. Pollution of all kinds may not only have negative effects on the environment and wildlife, but also do harm to human health and well-being.

Although environmental pollution can be caused by natural events such as forest fires and active volcanoes, use of the word “pollution” generally means that the wastes have an anthropocentric source—that is, a source created by human activities. Pollution has accompanied humankind ever since groups of people first congregated and remained for a long time in any one place. Indeed, ancient human settlements are frequently recognized by their wastes, Pollution was not a serious problem as long as there was enough space available for each individual or group. However, with the establishment of permanent settlements by great numbers of people, pollution became a problem, and it has remained one ever since.

By the middle of the 20th century, an awareness of the need to protect air, water, and land environments from pollution had developed among the general public. In particular, the publication in 1962 of Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring focused attention on environmental damage caused by improper use of pesticides such as DDT. In response, major pieces of environmental law and regulation were passed in many countries to control the environmental pollution.

Great efforts are made to limit the release of harmful substances into the environment. Unfortunately, attempts at pollution control are surpassed by the scale of the problem, especially in less-developed countries. Noxious levels of air pollution are common in large cities. To control the pollution completely, we still have a long way to go.

1. What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about?
A.The history of pollution.B.The types of pollution.
C.The causes of pollution.D.The effects of pollution.
2. What is the original cause of pollution according to this passage?
A.Natural disasters.B.Forest fires.
C.Volcanoes.D.Human activities.
3. What does the underlined word “congregated” mean in paragraph 2?
A.Gathered.B.Separated.
C.Attended.D.Lived.
4. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A.No measures have been taken by the government to control the problems of pollution.
B.The book Silent Spring helped to improve the awareness of protecting the environment.
C.Silent Spring concentrated on the improper use of plastic bags.
D.The pollution has been controlled in less-developed countries.
2023-06-13更新 | 110次组卷 | 5卷引用:江西省宜春市第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷(含听力)
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍哥德堡大学的一项新研究表明,净化空气的最佳树木取决于所涉及的污染物的类型。

6 . Conifers (针叶树) are generally better than broad-leaved trees at purifying air from pollutants. But deciduous (落叶的) trees may be better at taking in particle-bound pollution. A new study led by the University of Gothenburg shows that the best trees for air purification depend on the type of pollutants involved.

Trees and other greener in cities provide many benefits that are important for the well-being of residents. Leaves and needled on trees filter air pollutants and reduce exposure to poisonous substance in the air. But which trees purify the air most effectively? Researchers from the University of Gothenburg have collected leaves and needle from eleven different trees growing in the same place in the Gothenburg Botanical Garden (GBG) to analyse which cub-stances they have absorbed.

“This tree collection provided a unique opportunity to test many different species of trees with similar environmental conditions and exposure to air pollutants,” said Jenny Klingberg, a researcher of the GBG

A total of 32 different pollutants were analysed, some of which are bound to articles of various sizes. Others are gaseous. This project has focused on paths (多环芳烃). In cities, traffic is the biggest source of these pollutants, which are released due to incomplete burning in engines.

“Our analysis show that different species of trees have different abilities to absorb air pollutants. Conifers generally absorb morn gaseous paths than broad-leaved trees. Another advantage of conifers is that they also act as air purifies in winter, when air pollution is usually at its highest,” said Jenny Klingberg.

“This study contributes to improving our understanding of the ability of trees to clean the air and which species are best at absorbing air pollutants,” said Jenny Klingberg. This known-edge is important for urban planning when designing sustainable cities. While trees and green-era can contribute to better air quality in cities, at the end of the day, the most important measure is to reduce emissions.

1. Which is the determining factor in choosing the most suitable tries to purify air?
A.Air quality.B.Geographical location.C.The height of plants.D.The kind of pollutants.
2. Why did the researchers collect leaves and needled from GBG?
A.To compare their shapes.B.To create a tree collection.
C.To figure out what they absorb.D.To display them on exhibition.
3. What may cause more paths to be released?
A.Fuel vehicle’s.B.Electric engines.C.Traffic accidents.D.Complete burning.
4. What is the most effective way to better air quality in cities?
A.Decreasing emissions.B.Planting more conifers.
C.Raising public awareness.D.Designing sustainable cities.
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“希望循环”所带来的问题,同时文章就如何正确回收提出建议。

7 . Recycling is a great way of doing your bit for the environment and helping to protect the earth’s precious resources. However, a new study has revealed that our desire to be sustainable maybe doing more harm than good. According to waste company Biffa, this is because of “wish-cycling” — assuming that items such as disposable coffee cup sand pizza boxes will be recycled if put in the recycling bin. In fact, pollution from those items or other non-recyclables can result in recyclable items that have been put in the correct bin going to landfill. David Heaton, a business director at Biffa, said: “Pollution happens when items are disposed of in the wrong bins or haven’t been cleaned before being recycled.”

Experts at Biffa analyzed the amounts of non-target and non-recyclable materials that entered UK material recycling facilities between 2016 and 2020. It was found that, in 2016, the average pollution rate of recycling waste was 13.4 percent, rising over four years to 17 percent by the end of 2020. This shows that, even as people are becoming more eco-conscious, wish-cycling is increasing both in households and businesses.

The Biffa experts say that one of the best ways to prevent pollution of recycling is to clean recyclable waste before putting it in the bin. They suggest cutting off the top of old pizza boxes and only recycling that part to avoid pollution from the grease (油脂). Check the on-packaging recycling label to check it can actually be recycled When it comes to plastics, Biffa recommends checking the resin code, the number in the plastic triangle, to know whether it should go in the recycling bin. In general, resin codes 1, 2, 4 and 5 are recyclable, while 3, 6 and 7 are not. Larger items, like electronics, furniture and batteries, can also be recycled but often can not go in household recycling bins as they need specialist separating. These will need to be taken to recycling centers or sustainable waste management companies.

“It’s vital as a nation that we get better at effective ‘pre-cycling’— sorting waste correctly before collection to reduce pollution rates,” added Mr. Heaton.

1. What’s the truth of “wish-cycling” according to the first paragraph?
A.The desire to lead a sustainable life.
B.The good intention to help recycling.
C.The habit of throwing items that end up in landfills.
D.The practice of recycling items that can not be recycled.
2. What has experts at Biffa concluded after their analysis?
A.People are becoming more eco-conscious.
B.Wish-cycling is on the rise in recent years.
C.Pollution happens less frequently in recycling facilities.
D.People are used to cleaning recyclable waste before putting it in the bin.
3. Which of the following is a proper way of recycling?
A.Dispose of electronics together with household waste.
B.Skip the step of checking the on-packaging recycling label.
C.Check the resin code of plastics to see whether it is recyclable or not.
D.Cutoff the top of old pizza box and throw the rest to the recycling bin.
4. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A.Recycling: a Big ProjectB.Wish-cycling: a New Trend
C.Wish-cycling: a Growing ConcernD.Pre-cycling: an Effective Method
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明,全球每年有近900万人死于各种污染。研究人员发现,工业过程和城市扩张造成的空气污染约占死亡人数的75%。这项研究是基于对全球死亡率和污染水平的调查。文章介绍了研究的具体数据以及研究人员对此的看法。

8 . A new study suggests that pollution of all kinds kills nearly 9 million people worldwide each year. Air pollution from industrial processes and the expansion of cities accounted for about 75% of the deaths, researchers found. The study was based on examinations of worldwide death rates and pollution levels.

The study separated traditional pollutants from modern pollutants. Examples of traditional pollutants are indoor smoke or wastewater. Modern pollutants include air pollution from vehicles or industrial activities and poisonous chemicals. The researchers found that deaths from traditional pollutants are dropping worldwide. But they remain a major problem in Africa and some other developing countries. In some countries, state programs to cut indoor air pollution and improvements in sanitation (卫生) have helped reduce death rates. In Ethiopia and Nigeria, for example, such efforts cut deaths by two-thirds between 2000 and 2019, the study found.

Modern kinds of pollution are rising in most countries, especially developing ones, the researchers said. Deaths caused by modern pollutants — heavy metals, agricultural chemicals and carbon emissions—are “skyrocketing,” said study co-writer Rachael Kupka. She heads the New York-based Global Alliance on Health and Pollution. Kupka said deaths linked to modern pollutants had risen 66% since 2000.

“Nine million deaths is a lot of deaths,” Philip Landrigan told The Associated Press about the study’s results. He is director of the Global Public Health Program at Boston College in Massachusetts. “The bad news is that it’s not decreasing,” Landrigan added. “We’re making gains in the easy stuff, and we’re seeing the more difficult stuff, outdoor industrial air pollution and chemical pollution, still going up.”

The study makes several suggestions for ways to cut the number of deaths. These include creating better recording and reporting methods and stronger government policies to reduce pollution linked to industrial activities and vehicle emissions.

“We absolutely know how to solve pollution problems,” said the study co-author Richard Fuller. “What’s missing is political will.”

1. What can be learned from the study about pollution?
A.Air pollution killed 9 million people last year.
B.Cutting indoor air pollution is the best policy.
C.Traditional pollution is very serious in Nigeria.
D.Traditional pollutants cause less death than before.
2. What does the underlined word “skyrocketing” probably mean in paragraph 3?
A.Improving.B.Increasing.C.Reducing.D.Worsening.
3. What can be inferred from Philip Landrign’s words?
A.It is easy to fight modern pollution.B.Outdoor air pollution is decreasing.
C.Modern pollution still concerns people.D.It is hard to tell the reasons for pollution.
4. What might be talked about in the paragraph that follows?
A.Methods to reduce pollution.B.Government’s response to pollution.
C.Suggestions for industrial activities.D.The damage caused by vehicle emissions.
2023-05-03更新 | 83次组卷 | 1卷引用:2023届江西省南昌市高三下学期一模英语试题
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍新冠疫情所带来的新的问题,新冠疫情带来了一种新型一次性塑料,即口罩和手套等个人防护装备的兴起,而这些急剧增加的一次性物品可能会引发新一轮塑料污染,并杀死野生动物。

9 . The coronavirus pandemic(新冠疫情)has brought with it the rise of a new kind of single-use plastic in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE), like face masks and gloves. Experts warned that these sharply increasing single-use items could cause a new wave of plastic pollution and kill wildlife.

The charity Ocean Conservancy reported that volunteers had collected more than 100,000 PPE items from coasts and waterways during the last six months of 2020. They sent out a survey to more than 200 International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) coordinators and volunteers asking about their experience with PPE. The results show that it is a real problem. Volunteers collected 107,219 pieces of PPE in 70 of 115 participating countries. Of those surveyed, 94% reported seeing PPE at a cleanup, and 40% found five items or more. Further, 37% found the items had already sunk into the water.

“During one of our clean-ups in the canals of Leiden, our volunteers found a latex(乳胶)glove with a dead fish trapped in the thumb,” said Auke-Florian Hiemstra, a study coauthor from Leiden University. “Also, in the Dutch canals, we observed that a water bird was using face masks and gloves in its nests.” Other animals that have gotten tangled up in face masks include a fox in the UK, a pufferfish in Florida, and two crabs in France. Numerous dogs and cats have been observed eating PPE as well.

The danger posed by PPE goes deeper than what the eye can see. Luckily, there are ways that all of us can be part of the solution to the problem of PPE pollution. Hiemstra suggested using reusable PPE instead of single-use products. In that case, we should deal with them properly by cutting the ear loops to prevent animal entanglements(缠绕物)and throwing them away in a bin that is not overstuffed. “We definitely think it is important for citizens to understand how much PPE is ending up in the environment and impacting animals,” Hiemstra said.

1. What problem did experts mention in paragraph 1?
A.The decline of wildlife due to overhunting.
B.The shortage of personal protective equipment.
C.The plastic pollution caused by anti-pandemic products.
D.The increasing number of coronavirus patients.
2. What do the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly show?
A.The leading cause of ocean pollution.
B.Volunteers’ great efforts to protect the ocean.
C.The large amount of PPE in the environment.
D.Difficulties of cleaning up plastic waste in the ocean.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A.PPE pollution has threatened many animals’ lives.
B.Litter makes it hard for boats to pass through the canals.
C.Water birds may not be affected by plastic pollution.
D.PPE is attractive to dogs and cats due to its smell.
4. What is Hiemstra’s suggestion for reducing PPE pollution?
A.Limiting the production of non-recyclable plastic.
B.Cleaning the rubbish bin regularly.
C.Raising the price of PPE items.
D.Replacing single-use products with reusable ones.

10 . Hong Kong is among the cities which have the largest populations in the world, but with night skies around 1,000 times brighter than globally accepted levels, it gains a bad reputation(名声) for its light pollution.

A study by Hong Kong University found that brightness levels in the southern Chinese city's popular shopping district of Tsim Sha Tsui were 1,200 times greater than the international dark sky standard.

The crowded city of 7 million people, full of residential(住宅的) high-rises, towering office blocks and neon(霓虹灯) advertisements has no laws to control outdoor lightning.

The result is that light pollution is thought to be much worse than in other large cities, including London, Sydney, Tokyo and Shanghai.

“In Hong Kong, you can't go anywhere outdoor in the evening without your eyes being blinded by this really upsetting outdoor lightning,” the light pollution survey's head Jason Pum told AFP.

“The fact that we have all this light in the sky means energy is wasted,” he said, adding that too much artificial lightning also affects nightly wildlife.

Research has suggested that light pollution can cause a number of harmful health problems in humans, including sleeplessness and headaches and can also affect body clocks and hormones(荷尔蒙).

The university's survey, the result of five million measurements taken from points across the city, was released just days before the start of the yearly Earth Hour event, organized by the World Wildlife Fund.

People around the world will be encouraged to turn off the lights for an hour on Saturday night to advertise climate change. Last year, a number of Hong Kong's major buildings along Victoria Harbour went dark to mark Earth Hour.

“Anyway, we should do our best to reduce the amount of lightning and suit it to the benefit of the environment.”

1. If you walk out at night in Hong Kong, you can see all those things except ______.
A.neon advertisementsB.residential buildings
C.a dark sky with many starsD.high office blocks
2. Which of the following statements about too much lightning is NOT true?
A.Too much lightning means wasting energy.B.It can make the city more beautiful at night.
C.It may have a bad effect on nightly wildlife.D.It can do great harm to human beings' health.
3. We can know from the passage that__________
A.Earth Hour is simply organized to reduce pollution.B.light pollution is the biggest problem in Hong Kong.
C.light pollution is the primary causes of sleeplessness.D.light pollution in Hong Kong is among world's worst.
4. What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?
A.Ways to reduce light pollutionB.Causes of light pollution
C.Worries about light pollutionD.Bad effects of light pollution
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