1 . More than two billion tons of rubbish is created around the world every year. Rubbish influences not only the environment but human health. To mark the World Earth Day, let’s learn about the harm rubbish does and
A history of rubbish
On the Greek island, waste was put in pits (坑) and covered with soil as far back as 5, 000 years ago.
Environmental problems
It is said that around one billion tons of waste are burned each year.
The role of recycling
Reducing the rubbish and recycling are important for the environment and the planet’s future. World Earth Day 2024 pays attention to the problems caused by rubbish. It has an activity called the Great Global Cleanup to encourage people to pick up rubbish from beaches, parks, rivers and streets.
A.Cleaning up |
B.how we can make a cleaner future. |
C.Any rubbish is harmful to our environment. |
D.Recycling is when something is used again. |
E.This is called “landfill” and is used widely today. |
F.Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees. |
G.Burning produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), causing climate change. |
2 . Today, the electric light is considered one of the greatest human inventions and helps us in many ways. However, the overuse of electric light sources causes pollution too, which is known as light pollution.
Light pollution is a global issue. The problem became obvious when a map of the Earth was published in 2016.
Light pollution can cause problems in humans. Usually, light guides day and night activities and influences body processes.
Light pollution also has an impact on animals. Insects drawn in by electric lights die when they contact light sources. Birds are also attracted to light. Even animals living under the sea may be influenced by electric light.
Fortunately, several groups work to reduce light pollution and many states have applied laws to control outdoor lighting.
A.It shows how and where our globe is lit up at night. |
B.Everyone can take steps to reduce light pollution at home too. |
C.Many cities are now taking measures to reduce light pollution. |
D.It influences night sky observation, human health and wildlife behavior. |
E.However, the extra nighttime light confuses the clocks inside our bodies. |
F.Light pollution even influences places that attempt to protect natural habitats. |
G.But even a small amount of light can greatly change the natural processes at night. |
3 . Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization (文明). Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person.
The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.
In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable (不可避免的).
A.There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. |
B.Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment. |
C.For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible. |
D.However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. |
E.So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally. |
F.They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time. |
G.This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. |
4 . In many ways, life has become far more comfortable and convenient in the past few decades.
Air Pollution
The main cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by vehicles and power plants. Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution. The effects on our health can be very serious.
You can easily contribute to reducing air pollution by only using a car to make journeys when it’s absolutely necessary.
Global Warming
Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans. It’s caused by the build-up of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere. These trap the Sun’s heat and warm up the planet.
Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems.
Overflowing Landfills
Landfills are used for waste disposal (处理) in many countries around the world. However, these landfills are now nearing their limit. When this happens, the chances of dangerous chemicals in the waste entering our water supply increase.
The amount of waste in landfills in China has risen sharply over the last ten years.
A.If it isn’t, try using public transport instead. |
B.Sea levels are rising due to the melting of polar ice sheets. |
C.However, this has come at a huge cost to the environment. |
D.This resulted in the flooding of the River Po near Turin in Italy. |
E.For instance, that in Hong Kong is likely to reduce within a few years. |
F.Thus, the government is now trying to find alternative waste disposal methods. |
G.Apart from the three Rs, some experts have called for the fourth R—Responsibility. |
5 . A Plastic Ocean is a documentary to make you think. Think, and then act. We need to take action on our dependence on plastic. We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities. Some bottles, shopping bags and toys are made of plastic.
The documentary begins with a journey to film the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale. But during the journey, the producers made a shocking discovery of a huge, thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.
In the documentary there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life.
We make a shocking amount of plastic. Over 300 million tons of plastic is produced every year, and at least 8 million of it is dumped into the oceans. The results are disastrous, but it isn’t too late to change.
A.It has raised public concern all over the world. |
B.In conclusion, we only have one earth to live on. |
C.But the documentary doesn’t only present the negative side. |
D.These are contrasted with plastic rubbish. |
E.Once you’ve seen the documentary, you’ll realize it is time to do our part. |
F.We live in a world full of plastic, and only a small amount is recycled. |
G.This caused them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas. |
6 . There are a lot of chemicals that can cause indoor air pollution. A recent project conducted has found over 900 different substances in our home are related to it. Many researchers have already examined the causes of indoor air pollution.
It has been proved that different kinds of chemicals can be released by building materials and new furniture. Everything from painting and decorating products, bathroom cleaners and beauty products can contain these chemicals.
As a research from Denmark has highlighted, cooking, particularly roasting can damage our body. Roast dinners contain many potentially harmful pollutants.
As far as cooking emissions are concerned, no one is suggesting switching to takeaways.
A.In the long run, these changes lead to cancer. |
B.They might also arise from cooking at home. |
C.A wide range of sources are under investigation. |
D.Therefore, what results from indoor air pollution? |
E.However, most of us have ignored their bad effects. |
F.So, what are the main contributors to poor air quality? |
G.But we can change how we cook to deal with the emissions. |
7 . Most of us are used to the sound we hear in daily life, such as music, the middle of the night.
Too much noise pollution in working areas such as offices, construction sites, bars and even in our homes can influence psychological health. Studies show that the occurrence of aggressive behavior, sleep disturbance, and constant stress can be linked to excessive (过度的) noise levels.
Loud noises can certainly influence our sleeping pattern.
As of now, there do not exist many solutions to such pollution.
A.You’ll feel it hard to deal with others |
B.They may lead to problems related to tiredness |
C.But everybody can help to reduce the noise in their homes |
D.These, in turn, can cause more severe health problems later in life |
E.Many firm measures should be taken to remove loud noises in our life |
F.Our ears can take in a certain range of sounds without getting damaged |
G.All of these have become a part of the urban culture and rarely disturb us |
8 . As we all know, waste is extremely bad for the environment. Let’s talk about why litter is harmful to our streets and towns, our drinking water, and sea animals.
Waste can have a bad influence on our cities. Cleaning up litter costs US taxpayers (纳税人) and businesses $11.5 billion each year.
As you can see, waste is harmful in many ways.
A.Everybody wants to breathe fresh air. |
B.That money could have been spent on parks. |
C.How do you feel when you see people littering around? |
D.In the future there might be more waste than fish in the ocean. |
E.Litter can go into the soil and water and pollute our drinking water. |
F.We need to stop littering for us, for the environment, and for the planet. |
G.Did you know every day almost 8 million pieces of litter go into the ocean? |
9 . Around the world, people are realizing the significant problems caused by plastic waste. In the last 65 years, we have become increasingly dependent on plastic. It’s easy to understand why: it’s cheap to produce, light—therefore easy and cheap to transport—and incredibly strong and durable.
One popular solution to the problem is to ban single-use plastic. In the UK, shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food. A tax has already been placed on plastic carrier bags, which has cut their use by 90%.
Such plans are well-intentioned, but may not be helpful in getting rid of the use of single-use plastic altogether.
Another issue is that alternative(可供替代的) materials are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example.
Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.
A.But it’s these advantages that also make it so harmful. |
B.They are easily broken and rarely reusable, unlike plastic. |
C.It improves the local economy and saves costs in managing litter and waste. |
D.One of the fields where single-use plastic has an important role is medicine. |
E.However, simply banning the use of single- use plastic may not be the best option. |
F.Bans on single-use plastic items like drinking straws are also coming into play. |
G.Research shows four times more energy is required to produce a paper bag than a plastic bag. |
10 . Around the world, people are realizing the significant problems caused by plastic waste. In the last 65 years, we have become increasingly dependent on plastic. It’s easy to understand why: it’s cheap to produce, light — therefore easy and cheap to transport — and incredibly strong and durable.
One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single use plastics. In the British supermarkets, shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.
However, such plans may not be beneficial to eliminate (消除) the use of single-use plastic altogether.
Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example.
Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.
A.But it’s these advantages that also make it so harmful. |
B.They are very fragile and rarely reusable, unlike plastic. |
C.One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is medicine. |
D.However, simply banning their single use may not be the best option. |
E.It also boosts the local economy and save costs in managing littering and waste. |
F.Bans on single-use plastic items like drinking straws are also coming into place. |
G.According to a research, they require four times more energy when produced than a plastic bag. |