3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. normal B. continued C. trapped D. remove E. short F. urged G. commit H. anniversary   I. end J. increases K. record

2020 has been an extreme year for hurricanes , wildfires and heat waves around the world. New reports from United Nations agencies list this year's record-breaking weather and the burning of fossil fuels as causes of     1    global warming.

U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres recently    2     world leaders to make 2021 the year when humanity ends what he calls its “war on nature ”.He asked them to    3     to a future free of planet-warming carbon pollution.

The secretary-general's comments come as the U.N. prepares for a Dec. 12 online climate meeting in France on the 5th     4    of the 2015 Paris climate agreement .A main goal of that agreement is to keep     5     in the Earth's temperature during this century to between 1.5 and 2 degrees Celsius.

In a speech given at New York’s Columbia University , Guterres said, “The state of the planet is broken ,Humanity is waging war on nature. This is suicidal Destructive fires and floods, cyclones and hurricanes are increasingly the new     6    .”

In a report ,the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said this year is set to     7     about 1.2 degrees Celsius warmer than the last half of the 1800s.Scientists use that time period as a starting point for warming caused by heat-trapping gases from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas. Most     8     heat goes into the world’s seas. Ocean temperatures are now at     9    levels. It also means 2020 will be one of the three hottest years on record.

Guterres saw hope that more than 100 countries have promised that by 2050 they will not be adding more heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere than trees and technology can    10    .China and U.S. President-elect Joe Biden have promised net zero carbon emissions.

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. cause     B. regulated   C. complex   D. exposing   E. deliberately   F. recorded G. locating   H. particularly   I. different   J. efficiency   K. caution

Noise Pollution Rules Should Be Tightened

Road traffic, aircraft, ships, factories and oil drilling are all human activities that produce noise. The noise should be better     1     to protect wildlife, say the authors of a study     2     how sound pollution affects creatures from fish to birds.

Studies have found noise pollution to be linked to poorer human health. But experts say it can also affect wildlife, from preventing their communication to affecting the     3     with which they search for food. “For example, if bats     4     their prey through sound clues can’t hear clearly,” said Dr Hansjoerg Kunc, the co-author of the research, “they have to fly longer and invest more time and energy to find food.”

The studies were based on experiments in which     5     aspects of the animals’ behaviour or other measures, such as changes in hormone (荷尔蒙) levels, were     6     before and after exposure to noise. The results reveal that human-produced noise affects a wide range of species. “Thus, the response to noise can be explained by most species responding to noise rather than a few species being     7     sensitive to noise,” the authors wrote.

The team continued to     8     that their research did not examine whether the effects were beneficial or harmful to species. That was because such considerations were     9    . For example, noise that affects hunting could benefit prey while creating difficulties for predators (食肉动物).

“Even if some animals benefitted, it did not mean noise should not be dealt with, since the majority would still experience negative effects”, said Kunc. But there was     10     for optimism. “Unlike chemical pollution, if a noise source moves away, then nothing stays in the environment any more,” he said.