1 . The Yurok people have lived along the Klamath River, which flows from the Cascades in Oregon southwest through Northern California, for thousands of years, protecting the region and river from which they — and others — draw sustenance (生计).

But as development and pollution continue to reduce the number of fish in the river and the quantity and quality of its waters, the Yurok Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s longstanding care by granting the Rights of Personhood to the Klamath, the first river in North America to have such rights declared.

   ......

What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The process of legalization.	B．The tradition of Yurok tribe.
C．The reason behind the legalization.	D．The importance of the Klamath River.

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the speaker mention the ancestors in the beginning of the text?

A．To make a comparison.

B．To introduce their lives.

C．To thank them.

2. What does the speaker think of outdoor lighting in most cities?

A．It is not helpful most of the time.

B．It plays an important role in city lives.

C．It is too bright and sometimes unnecessary.

3. What have many cities in the world done?

A．They have made changes in the use of outdoor lighting.

B．They have passed some laws to stop wasting energy.

C．They have organized many environmental activities.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Electrical energy.

B．Light pollution.

C．The importance of lights.

3 . “Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”

What does the underlined word “stringent” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Strict.	B．Slight.
C．Bright.	D．Ordinary.

4 . The oil and gas industry may be emitting about three-times the amount of climate-warming methane than government estimates show, according to a new study from Stanford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other organizations in Nature. Methane (甲烷) is the main component of natural gas and among the greenhouse gases heating the planet, which is produced when extracting crude oil.

Specific measurements varied from a low of less than 1%, or about what the Environmental Protection Agency estimates, at a site in Pennsylvania to a high of nearly 10% in New Mexico. Researchers found the higher percentages of methane released generally had something in common. “These are places where production is mostly focusing on oil,” says Evan Sherwin, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University. But oil and gas often come out of the ground together, and if there wasn’t a way to transport the less-valuable gas to where it could be sold, leaks were higher.

In Pennsylvania, by contrast, drillers are focused on producing natural gas, and there, very little of the methane was wasted. That complicates an argument many in the industry have made, generally in opposition to tighter government regulations on methane. They say drillers have the incentive to capture gas leaks so they can sell the fossil fuel. But that’s not always possible, if industry hasn’t built the pipelines and other infrastructure to get the gas to consumers. In this study, researchers estimate the industry releases about 6.2 million tons of methane a year, valued at $1.08 billion.

“Emissions of methane from fossil fuel operations remain unacceptably high,” said Tim Gould, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, during a Tuesday call with reporters. The organization’s Global Methane Tracker shows methane from the energy sector was near the record high level in 2023.

Despite that, the IEA concludes that if countries fully implement existing pledges on methane reductions, that would make significant progress toward achieving global climate goals. “2024 could mark a turning point and policies are starting to be put into place. Greater transparency is coming. Awareness is spreading and we have enhanced ability to track large leaks and act quickly to shut them down,” Gould said. Gould said he hopes to have good news to share, about a reduction in methane emissions, next year.

1. What can we infer from paragraph 2?

A．Various measures are taken to restrict the release of methane.

B．The low value of the gas in part leads to the high leak of the methane.

C．The more focused on the production of the gas, the higher the methane release

D．The percentage of methane in developing countries is higher than in developed countries

2. What does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Equipment.

B．Productivity.

C．Drive.

D．Assessment.

3. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Caution: Methane emission gives rise to serious global warming.

B．Methane emissions: Oil and gas industry’s hidden impact.

C．Measures taken to cut back on methane emissions.

D．Methane is to blame for the climate change.

4. What is Tim Gould’s attitude toward emissions of methane at present?

A．Critical.

B．Dismissive.

C．Doubtful.

D．Optimistic.

5 . What are some threats to wildlife? Please list as many as you can.
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6 . Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement.

Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain.

While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.

In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery.

Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.

These plastics likely originate from the bottle material, filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff, ” the study’s lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal, ” he added.

1. What is the primary focus of the new research?

A．The presence of plastic particles.	B．The use of plastic in everyday products.
C．The detection methods for microplastics.	D．The potential risks of nanoplastics to human.

2. What is the advantage of Raman microscopy?

A．Finding the source of plastic particles.	B．Helping to cure the deadly flu virus.
C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles.	D．Improving the quality of bottled water.

3. Why will the team expand their research into tap water?

A．To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution.

B．To be aware of the dangerous particles in daily life.

C．To further measure the types of particles in tap water.

D．To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas.

4. What is Qian’s attitude towards his research?

A．Skeptical.

B．Objective.

C．Conservative.

D．Positive.

7 . What concerns the man about the oil company?

A．It causes water pollution.

B．It makes locals lose their jobs.

C．It results in a fight on social media.

8 . 假定你是李华，你班同学在上周末进行了一个有关“Plastic Pollution”的街头采访。请你写一篇报道给校报的英语栏目投稿。内容要点如下：

1. 介绍活动；

2. 不同观点；

3. 发出呼吁。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 题目已为你写好。

An Interview about Plastic Pollution

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9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1. Where have more and more waste and rubbish been produced according to the passage?

A．In the urban areas.

B．In the countryside.

C．In the mountain areas.

2. Why is more and more waste and rubbish produced?

A．Because people use too many things.

B．Because people lack environmental awareness.

C．Because people lack resources.

3. What has the government done in order to create better living conditions?

A．It has strengthened city management.

B．It has paid attention to the environment.

C．It has built many waste plants.

4. What does the passage advise people to do?

A．To save things.

B．To reuse things.

C．To protect the environment.

10 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What does the speaker talking about?

A．Noise pollution.

B．Human voice.

C．Good old days.

2. What does “you can’t hear yourself think” mean?

A．You have trouble with your head.

B．You are too stressed out.

C．It’s very noisy.

3. How many ways of reducing harm caused by noise are mentioned?

A．Four.

B．Three.

C．Two.

4. What is the main purpose of the speech?

A．To introduce a saying.

B．To call on people to act.

C．To explain scientific knowledge.