1 . 根据短文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on Earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash, and now, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn”

German scientists have recently found micro plastics (微塑料) in Arctic snow, the Associated Press reported. Micro plastic are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of micro plastic per liter of snow.

How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s readily apparent (显然的) that the majority of the micro plastics in the snow comes from the air.” they fall off of plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in. An even higher amount of micro plastic was found in the snow around cities.

The high concentrations (浓度) found in snow samples (样本) suggest micro plastics, which contain rubber or chemical used in synthetic fabrics (合成纤维), may cause significant air pollution.

Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the World Health Organization. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of micro plastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that micro plastics may contributes to lung cancer risk, heightening the need to further assess (评估) the risks of taking them in, the study said.

Micro plastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Previous research has found that they flow long distances and into tour oceans, damaging ecosystems (生态系统) along the way. They start in our wastewater when we wash clothes with plastic fibers. The waste water then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 . Around the world, people are realizing the significant problems caused by plastic waste. In the last 65 years, we have become increasingly dependent on plastic. It’s easy to understand why: it’s cheap to produce, light—therefore easy and cheap to transport—and incredibly strong and durable.     1     The microplastics that result from these processes are harmful to the environment. It is also very difficult to recycle; in fact currently only 9% of all the plastic produced has been recycled.

One popular solution to the problem is to ban single-use plastic. In the UK, shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food. A tax has already been placed on plastic carrier bags, which has cut their use by 90%.     2     Some governments have even promised to ban the use of single-use plastic altogether in the not-too-distant future.

Such plans are well-intentioned, but may not be helpful in getting rid of the use of single-use plastic altogether.     3     This is not just because of its low cost. It’s also because, by using dishes, phials (小药瓶) and so on just once, infection and cross-contamination (交叉污染) are minimized. Plastic packaging is also important in the food industry, as it ensures that food is safe for consumers.

Another issue is that alternative(可供替代的) materials are often more environmentally harmful than plastic. Take paper bags, for example.     4     The process requires cutting trees, the emission of greenhouse gases and the production of poisonous chemical waste. Even more pollution is created when paper bags break down.

Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.     5     Industries that rely on single-use plastic for people’s health and safety must be considered. Moreover, alternative materials must be evaluated strictly regarding their own environmental impact.

A．But it’s these advantages that also make it so harmful.

B．They are easily broken and rarely reusable, unlike plastic.

C．It improves the local economy and saves costs in managing litter and waste.

D．One of the fields where single-use plastic has an important role is medicine.

E．However, simply banning the use of single- use plastic may not be the best option.

F．Bans on single-use plastic items like drinking straws are also coming into play.

G．Research shows four times more energy is required to produce a paper bag than a plastic bag.

3 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?

A．In a shop.

B．In a classroom.

C．In a canteen.

2. What do we know from the conversation?

A．The woman hasn’t used plastic plates and cups before.

B．Paper plates and cups have replaced plastic ones in the U.S.

C．The man is not interested in plastic materials.

4 . 全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题。假如你叫李华，请你根据以下提示，给某报社写一篇英语倡议书，为“节能减排”献计献策。
背景：随着经济的发展，更多的温室气体被排放，其中大约70%为二氧化碳（CO₂），这也是全球变暖的主要原因之一。
后果：海平面上升；自然灾害频繁。
措施：1. 多使用清洁能源，少用煤、油；
2. 在可能的情况下以代步车；
3. ……
要求：1. 短文必须包括以上提到的所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2. 词数80左右。
Dear Editor,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

5 . Every minute, every single day, about a truckload of plastic enters the ocean.     1     And to date, only 9% of that has been recycled.

We buy a bottle of water, drink it for a few minutes, and throw its permanent packaging (包装) “away”. We eat potato chips, finish them, then throw their permanent packaging “away”. We buy produce, take it out of the unnecessary plastic wrap, then throw its permanent packaging “away”.

The cycle is endless, and it happens countless times every single day.     2     As far as we try to toss a piece of plastic out — whether it’s into a recycling bin or not — it does not disappear. Chances are, it ends up polluting our communities, the ocean or waterways in some form.

For years, we’ve been told the problem of plastic packaging can be solved through better individual action.     3     But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess.

Recycling alone will never stop the flow of plastic into the ocean; we have to get to know the source of the problem and slow down the production of all the plastic waste. Think about it: if your home was flooding because you had left the tap on, your first step wouldn’t be to start mopping. You’d first cut the flooding off at its source — the tap.     4    

We need corporations — those like the Coca-Cola company, Unilever, Starbucks and Neatle that continue to produce throwaway (一次性的) plastic bottles — to step up and take responsibility for the mess they’ve created.     5     We will continue to do our part, but it’s time for the world’s largest corporations to do theirs.

A．This is their problem to deal with.

B．Plastic pollution is becoming very serious.

C．But here is the problem — there is no “away’’.

D．In some ways, our plastic problem is no different.

E．We think that if we simply recycle we’re doing our part.

F．It’s impossible for us to get rid of plastic pollution completely.

G．Since the 1950s, some 8.3bn tons of plastic have been produced worldwide.

6 . Pollution

Pollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances(物质).Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars.    1    

Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料）These include coal, oil and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things    2     Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer(臭氧层)which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.

Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump(倾倒) garbage and dirty water into river, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.    3    

Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories.    4     They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.

Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment     5     Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources to produce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.

A．Farmers use chemical to help crops grow.

B．This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.

C．They also can harm fish and other forms of life.

D．These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.

E．In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.

F．There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.

G．Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.

7 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by 2025.

A private American organisation called Population Action International (PAI) did the new study. It says more than three hundred and thirty-­five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty­eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people are short of water. Eighteen more countries are expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth stays the same.

Mr Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases like cholera that are carried in water.

Lack of water may also lead to more international conflicts. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and   Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.

The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

The report also says long­term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . Angela never liked seeing plastic waste washed up on the shore near her home. She had been_______ to call on her community to clean it up, to change the _______, so she tried to set up an organization called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea. Her_______ proved quite a success.

Here's how it _______.Volunteers help clean up 300 miles of shoreline. Then, _______ only plastics from the beach cleanup, Angela and many other volunteers create sculptures of sea _______·She explains, "I mean to create sculptures that make people take a look and _______: 'How can there be this much waste on the beach?' _______ these sculptures will make people consider what they have _______ in their daily life and realize how so much plastic ends up in the oceans." So far, about 10,000 ________volunteers have collected 21 tons of waste and helped create more than 70 works of art. Four traveling ________ have demonstrated the art works in 18 places of the country. One of the sculptures, Turtle Ocean, received a ________ honor. It was admitted into the National Museum.

The Washed Ashore team is now working on sculpture of a dolphin, with ________ for more sculptures.“Until we ________ plastic on the beach, the work will continue. These sculptures are a(n)________for clean oceans. ” Angela says seriously.

1.

A．offering

B．longing

C．admitting

D．hesitating

2.

A．landscape

B．world

C．surface

D．situation

3.

A．attempt

B．choice

C．program

D．instruction

4.

A．walks

B．applies

C．functions

D．prepares

5.

A．stopping

B．presenting

C．delivering

D．employing

6.

A．waste

B．floor

C．waves

D．creatures

7.

A．rethink

B．remark

C．confirm

D．announce

8.

A．Generally

B．Hopefully

C．Fortunately

D．Surprisingly

9.

A．achieved

B．observed

C．purchased

D．recommended

10.

A．devoted

B．surprised

C．grateful

D．adventurous

11.

A．guides

B．managers

C．advertisements

D．exhibitions

12.

A．folk

B．simple

C．special

D．strange

13.

A．plans

B．calls

C．elements

D．exchanges

14.

A．get down to

B．keep away from

C．get rid of

D．end up with

15.

A．answer

B．appeal

C．warning

D．response

9 . 假定你是李华，是第一中学的一名学生，请你就学校附近一些印染厂偷排未经处理的废气所造成的极大影响与危害，给常熟市长写一封信反映这一污染问题。内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.排放未经处理废气的危害；
3.你的诉求。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已经给出，不包含在词数内。
参考词汇：printing and dyeing mill 印染厂
Dear Mayor,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The brightness of light from our cities has reached     1     high levels that it is reducing the darkness of night. A century ago, when night-time     2     (fall) the dark of night arrived. Things are     3     (differ) today. A new study reports that artificial light at night is increasing around the world. Scientists say it grew     4     2.2% a year between 2012 and 2016. This intrusion of artificial light is causing us many problems. The International Dark-Sky Association says, “it is not only damaging our view of the universe, but it is     5     (severe) threatening our environment, our safety, our energy consumption and our health”.

Dr. Franz Holker said artificial light is     6     threat to our natural environment. He called it a pollutant     7     threatens nocturnal animals and affects plants and microorganisms He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans     8     (include). He said it is reshaping “entire social ecological systems”. Environmentalists thought LED lights would help. However, cities are using more LED lights because     9     are cheaper. This is adding to the pollution of light. Night-time light decreased in sixteen countries, including     10     (nation) at war, like Yemen and Syria.