1 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单 词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Since last year, the haze (霜)weather had happened many times in my hometown, when it has done great harm to our life. What’s worse, many people have to see the doctor due with serious diseases caused by the haze.

People have realized the harm effects on their health and the importance of protect the environment. Measures have taken to reduce the haze. The government suggests each citizen goes to work by public transport.

As for me, I go to school by bike and on foot every day. Besides, I will tell the others to protect the environment, too. Now, it’s time for each of us to contribute to the environmental protection, doesn’t it?

2 . Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn't just made of water anymore-it's partly made of plastic.

Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth's atmosphere and traveling across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June2020, has revealed that every year more than 1, 000 tons of the particles (颗粒)-equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles-fall in rain.

Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径)and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨)in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic(合成的)clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed away. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to the American magazine Wired.

Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eyes, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei(核心)around which water vapor (水蒸气)condenses(凝结)to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail.

Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been fund, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastics, reported the Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. "We live on a ball inside a bubble," microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. "There are no borders, and there are no edges. It rains on the land and then gets blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There's no stopping it once it's out."

1. What do we know about microplastics?

A．They are light and can be easily dealt with.

B．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.

C．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.

D．They have nearly affected the whole word food chain.

2. What does the underlined word "flushed" mean in Paragraph 3?

A．Smoothed.

B．Thrown.

C．Washed.

D．Squeezed.

3. What do Steve Allen's words mean in the last paragraph?

A．No place is safe from microplastic pollution.

B．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.

C．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse.

D．Countries should work together to fight plastic pollution.

4. What's the main purpose of the passage?

A．To compare acid rain and plastic rain.

B．To warn people of the dangers of microplastics.

C．To call on people to reduce using plastic products.

D．To introduce the sources and effects of microplastics.

3 . It's no secret that inhaling(吸入)smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on the research that found wildfire smoke is full of thousands of species of microorganisms(微生物).Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores(真菌抱子).are known to cause disease.

The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plants or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne. You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply after fires. Scientists say the organisms stick with smoke particulates(颗粒物), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.

Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant number could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen. "But when I read this, I started thinking, could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses?"

Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infections or simply worsen potential respiratory(呼吸的)issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming", says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer protective means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.

But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor-including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.

1. What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2?

A．Some could reproduce after fires.

B．They could be killed by high heat.

C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.

D．Some could copy the smoke particulates.

2. How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?

A．They will cause lung infection.	B．They might worsen lung diseases.
C．They will destroy living environments.	D．They might damage respiratory systems.

3. Why are lower-income people suffering more than others according to Kelsey Jack?

A．They live in poor areas.	B．They drive to and from work·
C．They have suffered from lung disease.	D．They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.

4. What does Chen advise people to do in the last paragraph?

A．To wait for the results of more researches.

B．To ignore the air quality and to work out outdoors.

C．To follow previous suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.

D．To avoid using filters and air conditioning.

4 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The theme of the Earth Day celebration this year is plastics-specifically how to decrease     1     （they）unwanted impacts on our environment. What was perhaps set in place in the mid-20th century     2     plastic was manufactured on a large scale has come back to trouble us.

Plastic refuse is everywhere. It’s     3     （big）than Texas in the Pacific garbage patch（带）, and it’s as small as the micro plastics getting eaten by fish and turned out on our dinner plates.

Some environmental groups are leading grassroots movements to cut back on the use of common plastics like straws；the U. K. even recently advised     4     （pass）a law to ban them. It’s one accumulative way to cut back on the great 91 percent of plastic that is not recycled.

Jonathan Baillie, chief scientist of the National Geographic Society, says that addressing this issue     5     （require）fundamental changes. “First, we should place greater value on the natural world.” he says Then, we are supposed     6     （commit）ourselves to protecting regions like the Amazon and Congo that house critical environments. Lastly, he notes, we need to innovate more     7     （rapid）. Producing protein for consumption more efficiently and fostering renewable energy resources will help reduce     8     impacts of what he sees as the Earth’s greatest: threats. "Fundamentally, if we care     9     the natural world, we will value and protect it and make     10     （decision）that ensure the future of species and ecosystems.

5 . Methods to Help Solve Air Pollution

With the development of the industry, air pollution has become an internationally concerned issue. The governments are taking efficient measures to prevent the situation getting worse.     1     Here are what you can do to help.

1.Leave your cars at home.

Cars, being the greatest source of air pollution, can be left at home this weekend.     2     Other greener options are carpooling, riding a bike or you can also walk if you want a healthier option and if your workplace is not that far away from your home.

2.Volunteer yourself

This is one of the best things you can do. Why? Because it will do you good too.

    3     If you have time, there are lots of opportunities out there to pitch in, for instance, planting trees, cleaning a park or simply coming up with ways you can preserve mother Earth.

3.Green-up your home.

This is one of the most common things that people do whenever Earth Day rolls around. That is to switch off their lights. However, this is not something you should do just for a day and for only an hour.     4     In addition, take out all the plugs from plug points even after switching them off.

4.Pledge (保证) to do more every day

You know what the best way to celebrate Earth Day is? Extend your celebrations. That’s right! Do something every day that will improve your surroundings to make the planet a better place to live in.     5     The future of our planet is in your hands.

A．Bathing every day is bad for our health.

B．Voluntary work does good to your body and mind.

C．Travelling via public transport is the better option.

D．Join other like-minded individuals in a common task.

E．Always remember that every step, every initiative counts.

F．But as a member of the earth village, you can also help a lot.

G．Conserve energy by switching off all power whenever they are not in use.

6 . Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems，but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

1. The text mainly discusses the relationship between ________.

A．heart problems and air quality

B．heart problems and exercising

C．heart problems and smoking

D．heart problems and fatty food

2. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.

A．relatively high	B．extremely low
C．relatively low	D．extremely high

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

4. The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________.

A．inform	B．persuade
C．describe	D．entertain