1 . Human and their inventions, such as cars or plastic, have caused most environmental pollution on Earth. Today car emissions (排放物) are a major source of air pollution leading to climate change. In the meanwhile, plastics fill our ocean, creating a significant health issue to marine (海洋的) animals.

And what about the electric light, which is thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time? Electric light can be a beautiful thing, guiding us home when the sun goes down, keeping us safe and making our homes bright. However, like CO₂ emissions and plastic, too much of a good thing has started to influence the environment. Light pollution, the wrong use of outdoor light, is affecting human health, wildlife behavior and our ability to observe stars.

Light pollution is a global issue. This became obvious when the World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness, a computer-created map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016, which can be viewed online. The map shows how and where our globe is lit up at night. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia are glowing (发光) with light, while only the most distant regions on Earth (Greenland, Central African Republic and Niue) are in total darkness. Some of the most light-polluted countries in the world are Singapore, Qatar, and Kuwait.

Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky, mostly over cities, due to the electric lights of cars, streetlamps, offices, factories, outdoor advertising, and buildings, turning night into day for people who work and play long after sunset.

People living in cities with high levels of sky glow have a hard time seeing more than a handful of stars at night. Astronomers (宇航员) are particularly concerned with sky glow pollution as it reduces their ability to view stars.

Mostly over 80 percent of the world's population, and 99 percent of Americans and Europeans live under sky glow.

1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?

A．Electric light should be not be used outdoors.	B．Electric light is the main factor to keep us safe.
C．Electric light has both advantages and disadvantages.	D．Electric light is the greatest human invention.

2. Which of the following places is least affected by sky glow?

A．Niue.

B．Singapore.

C．Kuwait.

D．Qatar.

3. What activity in real life may cause light pollution?

A．Keeping the streetlamps on.	B．Littering plastics about.
C．Driving cars around.	D．Overfishing marine animals.

4. What's the attitude of astronomers towards light pollution?

A．Uncaring.

B．Unclear.

C．Worried.

D．Satisfied.

4 . Three­quarters of a million tourists flock to the white beaches every year, but this booming industry has come at a price. Poisonous smoke rising from open fires, rubbish made up of plastic bottles, packets..., it’s a far cry from the white sands, clear waters and palm trees that we associate with the Maldives (马尔代夫), the paradise island holiday destination set in the Indian Ocean.

Of its 200 inhabited islands, which are spread across an area of 35, 000 square miles, 99 are good resorts (旅游胜地)．So many tourists come every year, more than double the local population. Of these, over 100, 000 travel from the UK. The capital, Male, is four times more densely populated than London. Given these facts, it’s hardly surprising that the Maldives has a waste disposal problem.

Years ago, when the tourists left, the government had to deal with a stream of rubbish. Their solution was to turn one of the islands into a dumping ground. Four miles west of Male is the country’s dumping ground, Thilafushi.What you are seeing here is a view of the Maldives on which no honeymooners would like to clap eyes.Each visitor produces 3.5 kg of waste per day.The country dumps more than 330 tons of rubbish on the island every day.

Now, since many waste boats, tired of waiting seven hours or more, directly offload their goods into the sea, the government of the Maldives has banned the dumping of waste on the island. So, the waste boats ship the rubbish to India instead.

1. The underlined part in Paragraph 1 can probably be understood as“________”．

A．It’s quite similar to

B．It’s a long distance from

C．It’s a loud shout from

D．It’s totally different from

2. What is the main cause of the waste disposal problem?

A．The large local population.

B．Too many waste boats.

C．The large number of tourists.

D．Dumping rubbish into the sea.

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．It is much more crowded in Male than in London.

B．Another island will be used as a dumping ground.

C．No honeymooners are willing to visit the Maldives.

D．Waste on islands will be offloaded directly into the sea.

5 . According to the WHO, 90 percent of the world’s population lives in a place where they are exposed to unsafe levels of airborne pollutants, contributing to up to seven million deaths each year. If you live in a city, chances are that you’re part of that 90 percent, even if your city is relatively clean. That’s why cities worldwide have started embracing Internet of Things (IoT) solutions.

One of the best ways to fight pollution is to figure out where it’s worst and where it’s coming from. If you’ve ever made a habit of checking air quality around you, you may notice that there aren’t actually that many monitoring stations, and your closest one may not be that close. For pollution data to really be accurate and helpful, we need a lot more of it.

Luckily, IoT sensors and low-power wide-area networks are making it a lot easier to get and spread ultra-local data. Lampposts are one popular place to put them. For example, the Republic of Korea and Barcelona have already built out a network of pollution sensors in their streetlights.

On the other hand, outfitting (配备) cars, bikes, and even people with pollution sensors provide valuable data on a smaller, more mobile scale.

Since pollutant levels can change dramatically even from one city block to another, having smaller-scale data is important for making a lot of decisions that, over time, might have a major influence on our health and behavior. It can influence where we decide to live, when we exercise, whether we bike to work, and, perhaps most importantly, what we can do about pollution in our area.

All the Internet of Things can help us do on a personal level is use less energy. The data it provides, though, can be used to make big and small changes to the way we behave and build, and that is eventually where we’ll see benefits.

1. What’s the problem mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A．The death rate is high every year.

B．There are too many people in the world.

C．There is little space for people to live in.

D．Air pollution is more serious than expected.

2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph2 refer to?

A．Pollution data.

B．A monitoring station.

C．Internet of Things.

D．A low-power network.

3. Why is it necessary to collect data on a smaller scale?

A．It directly decreases pollutant levels.

B．It uses less energy to clean the air.

C．It covers more areas of air pollution.

D．It betters decisions on our lifestyle.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards using IoT to solve air pollution?

A．Disapproving.	B．Doubtful.
C．Positive.	D．Uncaring.

6 . It’s no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is crowded with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores, are known to cause disease.

The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach to smoke particles, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.

Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don’t cause lung infections, says Chen, but it’s certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. “I always thought it was the particles in smoke that were causing these issues,” says Chen. “But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses?”

Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is “certainly alarming”, says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.

But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.

1. What can we know about the microorganisms from paragraph 2?

A．They could be killed by high heat.

B．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.

C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.

D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particles.

2. How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?

A．They might worsen lung diseases.	B．They will cause lung infections.
C．They will destroy living environments.	D．They might damage respiratory systems.

3. Why are low-income people suffering more than others?

A．They live in poor areas.

B．They drive to and from work.

C．They have suffered from lung disease.

D．They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Results of the new research.

B．Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.

C．Disagreements between the author and Chen.

D．Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air.

7 . A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think.Think,and then act.We need to take action on our dependence on plastic.We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities.Drinking bottles,shopping bags and even clothes are made with plastic.    1     What happens to all the rest?This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers.

The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet,the blue whale.But during the journey the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge,thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.    2     In total,they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the film.

In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life.    3     We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean.The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious.

    4     In the second half,the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem.

They present short-term and long-term solutions.These include avoiding plastic containers and recycling as much as you can.The filmmakers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes.

We make a shocking amount of plastic.Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year,and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans.The results are disastrous,but it isn’t too late to change.    5    

A．This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas.

B．Once you’ve seen the film,you’ll realize it is time to do our part.

C．It has raised public concern all over the world.

D．We live in a world full of plastic,and only a small amount is recycled.

E．But the film doesn’t only present the negative side.

F．In conclusion,we only have one earth to live on.

G．These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish.

9 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单 词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Since last year, the haze (霜)weather had happened many times in my hometown, when it has done great harm to our life. What’s worse, many people have to see the doctor due with serious diseases caused by the haze.

People have realized the harm effects on their health and the importance of protect the environment. Measures have taken to reduce the haze. The government suggests each citizen goes to work by public transport.

As for me, I go to school by bike and on foot every day. Besides, I will tell the others to protect the environment, too. Now, it’s time for each of us to contribute to the environmental protection, doesn’t it?

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Amsterdam has decided to remove gas vehicles from the roads. By 2030 only non-polluting vehicles will be allowed in the streets.

The Netherlands, along with many other European countries    1     (make) great efforts to protect the environment since the 90s. The Clean Air Action Plan, which is aimed at removing polluting vehicles from the city, is    2     newest measure. The new policy is important because air    3     (pollute) in the Netherlands is above European standards, thus causing significant risks for respiratory illnesses (呼吸疾病). “Pollution is often a    4     (silence) killer,” said Ms. Sharon Dijksma, who is responsible    5     the city’s traffic.

The city will stop    6     (use) gas vehicles gradually and increase the use of cleaner vehicles. Charging stations    7     (offer) to those who buy electric vehicles. Fund and special parking permits will    8     (probable) be provided to encourage the use of environmentally friendly cars.

Actually the Netherlands is already one of the most bike-friendly cities in the world. 30 percent of Dutch commuters (通勤者) travel by bike.     9    , cars are still major sources of nitrogen dioxide and particle matter pollution. That    10     (be) why they plan to ban all polluting cars.

Hopefully, this policy will encourage other cities to ban polluting vehicles as well. In fact, Brussels is already considering adopting the policy.