1 . Water companies have pumped waste water into Britain’s seas and rivers for more than nine million hours since 2016, new data suggests. The figure is an increase of 2,553% over five years, according to Environment Agency (EA) data, so the EA warned holidaymakers to avoid dozens of beaches across England and Wales this week.
Untreated waste water was spotted pouring into the sea near Bexhill, East Sussex on Wednesday. On Saturday, the red flags were removed, meaning the water was officially considered safe to bathe in. The beach, however, was nearly deserted.
Rachel Streeter moved to Bexhill in 2007 to enjoy wild swimming and the beach. “Flies actually flew above the surface of the water as well as the waste water. It’s quite horrible,” she said. Rachel says her friends and family have all become sick after swimming. Her 79-year-old mother went for a swim last week and fell ill with “a severe bacterial infection (感染)”.
Businesses say they are being affected by it too. Cliff Meadon, who runs business in the sea, says he has lost “thousands” pounds over the last two years due to water pollution. “We’ve been on the water with groups when we’ve had to come in as the waste comes out,” he said.
In Hastings people were advised not to swim due to a pollution risk this week. Beaches in Normans Bay as well as Bexhill were closed but have now reopened.
Southern Water argued that the water company had not been deliberately (故意的) pouring untreated water into the sea. A spokesperson for the company said, “This week’s heavy rain has fallen onto dry ground that can’t absorb surface run-off, meaning that more rain than usual has entered our waterway networks. This led to some overflows, spilling some untreated water into the sea.”
Southern Water was fined £90 million last year for widespread pollution after sending out more than 6,000 untreated waste water.
1. What warning has the EA given?A.Holidaymakers not going to certain beaches. |
B.A severe bacterial infection breaking out in the UK. |
C.Southern Water stopping pouring waste water into the sea. |
D.Cliff Meadon stopping running business in the sea. |
A.Heavy rainfalls. | B.Too many holidaymakers. |
C.Damaged waterway networks. | D.Poor management of water companies. |
A.Holidaymakers facing pollution risk |
B.Dozens of Britain’s beaches closed to holidaymakers |
C.Lots of families pouring untreated waste water into seas |
D.Huge increase in untreated waste water entering Britain’s seas |
A.Health. | B.Business. | C.Environment. | D.Sports. |
A recent research shows that 86% of the world’s rivers have been damaged by human activities. The research
Unsurprisingly, the worst-hit rivers are in western Europe and North America. This is because these regions have large and rich
My aim in life is
There is no
4 . A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think.Think,and then act.We need to take action on our dependence on plastic.We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities.Drinking bottles,shopping bags and even clothes are made with plastic.
The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet,the blue whale.But during the journey the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge,thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.
In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life.
They present short-term and long-term solutions.These include avoiding plastic containers and recycling as much as you can.The filmmakers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes.
We make a shocking amount of plastic.Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year,and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans.The results are disastrous,but it isn’t too late to change.
A.This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas. |
B.Once you’ve seen the film,you’ll realize it is time to do our part. |
C.It has raised public concern all over the world. |
D.We live in a world full of plastic,and only a small amount is recycled. |
E.But the film doesn’t only present the negative side. |
F.In conclusion,we only have one earth to live on. |
G.These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish. |
5 . Are you a tea drinker? If so, you’re not alone. Every day around the world millions of cups of this popular brew are drunk, and it’s been that way for thousands of years. The oldest discovered tea is from the Han Dynasty, dating from 206BC to 220AD. But it’s thought that the tea trend really took off during the Tang Dynasty in the 8th Century, when it became China’s national drink. Now, Turkey, the Republic of Ireland and the UK are believed to be the biggest tea—drinking nations, per capita.
Tea is consumed in many ways-slurped, sipped or glugged. It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags—and it’s this latter process that is causing concern. Research last year found some premium tea bags might be leaving billions of microscopic plastic particles in the cup. Scientists from McGill University in Montreal found that some ‘plastic’ tea bags shed high levels of micro plastics into water. However, The World Health Organization says such particles in drinking water do not appear to pose a risk.
Most tea bags are made from paper, with a small amount of plastic used to seal them shut— made from oil. This has led to debate about whether they can be recycled, but many are still composted. However, gardener Mike Armitage has told the BBC that the plastic contained in the soil could be washed into streams and rivers and ultimately out to sea.
Unilever, the owners of the tea brand PG Tips, said their tea bags are made with a small amount of plastic—used to seal them—and that they are suitable for composting. And the brand Yorkshire Tea said their bags do contain 25% polypropylene, but they were “actively developing plant—based and biodegradable alternatives”.
While tea bag manufacturers might be doing their bit to reduce plastic pollution, it could be a good time to switch your favourite beverage to coffee, or if that isn’t your cup of tea then try using loose-leaf tea, which can have a better flavour.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?A.Tea can be consumed in many ways. |
B.The use of tea bags doesn’t appear to pose a risk |
C.The use of tea bags is causing concern. |
D.Some tea bags might be leaving microscopic plastic particles in the cup. |
A.reduce the amount of plastic used to seal tea bags |
B.wash the plastic in the soil into streams, rivers and sea |
C.develop plant-based and biodegradable alternatives |
D.switch to coffee or try to use loose-leaf tea |
A.Supportive | B.Indifferent | C.Opposed | D.Neutral |
A.Potential Plastic Pollution |
B.Chinese tea culture |
C.What is your favorite drink? |
D.The Humble tea bag |
6 . The tradition of giving gifts didn’t start with the modern holidays we celebrate. Many ancient cultures celebrated holidays with the exchange of gifts. People who love to give gifts often can’t wait until it’s time for the recipients to open their gifts. If you’ve ever been given a gift, you know that part of the fun is the curiosity that builds as you wonder what the gift is.
The wish to hide the identity of a gift until just the right moment led people to wrap gifts long, long ago. Historians believed wrapping gifts in paper probably started not long after paper was invented thousands of years ago.
Wrapping paper like what we use today, though, is a much more recent invention. More than 100 years ago, gifts were usually wrapped in heavy brown paper. Before that, cloth was often used. The technology to mass-produce wrapping paper didn’t come along until the early 1900s. The first American gift wrap company— Hy-Sill Manufacturing Inc. — was founded by Eli Hyman and Morris Silverman in 1903. It wasn’t as easy to wrap presents back then as it is today, though, because adhesive tape (胶带) wasn’t invented until 1930.
Over the years, wrapping paper has developed into what we see in stores each holiday season. But scientists say that the United States alone produces an extra 5 million tons of waste over the holidays, most of which is from wrapping paper and shopping bags. To cut down on this waste, some people carefully unwrap presents, so that the wrapping paper can be reused. Others have started to use reusable gift bags instead of wrapping paper.
1. What is the interesting part of people giving a gift?A.Hiding their gifts and their feelings. |
B.Giving the recipients a surprise. |
C.Letting the recipients open gifts at once. |
D.Following a century-old tradition. |
A.People didn’t know wrapping paper until 1903. |
B.Heavy brown paper has been used to wrap gifts for 100 years. |
C.Technology made wrapping paper widely available. |
D.Adhesive tape was first created by gift wrap companies. |
A.The future of reusable gift bags. |
B.The waste produced by Americans. |
C.Wrapping paper’s influence on the environment. |
D.People’s admiration for wrapping paper. |
A.The popularity of wrapping gifts. |
B.The start of wrapping gifts in paper. |
C.The problems caused by wrapping paper. |
D.The story behind wrapping paper. |
7 . The amount of plastic in our oceans-and thus in our seafood-is rising. A study says Europeans alone throw about 11,000 small pieces of plastic every year. And unless we make some very big changes, that number could reach 780,000 pieces per person within a few decades.
Microplastics are popular additives(添加剂)to a wide range of personal care products, from face wash to toothpaste. We wash them off and send them down the drain(下水道), where they head out into the water supply. And there they’ll stay, absorbing chemicals, until something or somebody comes along and eats them.
Studies have found that fish that consume microplastics are smaller than others. They refuse real food in favor of more plastic. Their eggs are less likely to hatch, and they are less likely to escape from other hunters.
Researchers at the University of Ghent in Belgium have been studying the effects of microplastics on shellfish(海贝). The average shellfish sucks(吮吸)in and spits(吐)out about 20 liters of water per day. Most of the plastic particles in that water will be sent back out into the ocean. Most, but not all; lead researcher Colin Janssen says the shellfish they examined had an average of one tiny plastic piece.
Janssen and his colleagues say the same process occurs in humans who consume shellfish. About 99 percent of the microplastics will pass through your system. That still leaves 1 percent to stay in the body, and we don’t yet know what that means for our health.
“We do need to know the fate of the plastics,” Janssen said. “Where do they go? Are they forgotten about by the body, or are they causing inflammation (炎症) or doing other things? Are chemicals coming out of these plastics and then causing damage? We don’t know.”
1. What does the underlined word “They” refer to in paragraph 3?A.The researchers in the study. |
B.The fish which eat the small fish in the ocean. |
C.The common people who eat fish and seashell. |
D.The small fish which eat plastic pieces. |
A.It will be easier to catch them. |
B.Their population will get smaller and smaller. |
C.They will help reduce the amount of plastic pieces in the ocean. |
D.People will find it an effective way to deal with water pollution. |
A.It means developing a good taste in delicious food. |
B.It means that eating sea creatures is dangerous. |
C.It means storing plastic in the human bodies. |
D.It means that plastic shellfish can take the place of real one. |
A.No one will be sure of its effects. | B.They will lead to some strange diseases. |
C.They will be forgotten. | D.They will give off some poisonous chemicals. |
8 . Wildfires lit by humans have been found to be sending huge amounts of carbon into our oceans via rivers every year.
When trees and other vegetation are incompletely burned, they release black carbon into the air, which can last for centuries on land and even longer in oceans. Now we have the best global picture of how much of the stuff is making its way to the sea: around a third of all the black carbon produced by fires.
Unlike the two-thirds that stays on the land, the carbon ending up in the oceans will stay there much longer, says Matthew Jones at the University of East Anglia in the UK. “Once it reaches the oceans, it has potential for storage over tens of thousands of years. That’s why we care about it. It’s almost locked up for the distant future,” he says.
Jones and his colleagues looked at 409 measurements of black carbon dissolved in the waters of 34 major rivers globally, plus many smaller rivers, including far more data from the tropics. They then modeled how it would travel to the oceans. “It’s quite breathtaking how long-lived this material is and how much ends up in the environment,” says Jones.
The team found that the amount of black carbon being carried by rivers varies generally around the world, with the rivers in the tropics carrying twice what those in cooler regions do.
When compared with emissions from humanity’s fossil fuel use, the actual amount reaching the oceans is relatively small. However, says Jones, understanding how black carbon is being moved around is important for building better climate models and for our understanding of the global carbon cycle.
The amount being produced by fires has been relatively stable for the past two decades, with forest fires being offset by Savannah being turned into farmland, which reduces the amount of vegetation available to burn. But Jones points out that more fires are expected as the world warms, which will deliver more black carbon into the oceans.
1. What happens to the black carbon produced by forest fires?A.One third will turn into fires. | B.It will disappear in few years. |
C.The ocean covers two-thirds of its total. | D.It has more lasting storage underwater. |
A.The research deals with 409 rivers in all. |
B.Black carbon finally ends up in the ocean by rivers. |
C.The research focuses on different varieties of black carbon. |
D.The rivers in the tropics have less black carbon due to temperature. |
A.Better climate models will be built soon. |
B.The carbon produced by humans is small. |
C.The amount of carbon produced by forest fire is falling. |
D.The amount of carbon reaching the ocean won’t be reduced. |
A.Environment. | B.Science. | C.Entertainment. | D.Health. |
9 . Pets are like our family members and their good health is very important to all pet owners. Just as the pollutants in the air affect our health, they can affect our pets too.
Air purifiers (净化器) have been brought into use in recent years. They work to remove harmful chemicals from the air.
Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone byproduct (臭氧副产品) .
Picking the wrong air purifier type can quickly make things worse for our pets. On the other hand, picking the correct air purifier can lead to a big increase in the quality of life for them.
A.At present many homes are equipped with these useful devices. |
B.Before buying an air purifier, we should keep two aspects in mind. |
C.Pet owners always pay close attention to the physical health of their pets. |
D.Even the smallest pets shouldn’t be able to access the insides of air purifiers. |
E.This greatly depends on the type of air purifier and air cleaning technology used. |
F.So always check the product specifications and try to find a model that does not produce any carbon monoxide. |
G.A 2008 study published in Brain and Cognition showed that dogs’ brains were negatively affected by the heavy pollution levels. |
The beautiful Li River is one of the
Water quality in the Li River had suffered
Finally, a series of urgent steps were taken