1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or     1     (admire) the ruins of Angkor. It’s hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It’s the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is sealed, and the label says “pure water”. But maybe what’s inside is not so     2     (nature). Would you still drink it if you     3     (know) that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world contains microplastics?

That’s the conclusion of a recently     4     (release) study, which analyzed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, revealing an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water. These microplastics included a substance commonly known as PET and     5     (wide) used in the manufacture of clothing and food and liquid     6     (contain). The study was conducted at the State University of New York     7     behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organization. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide     8     live with unsafe drinking water.

Confronted with this evidence, several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook     9     (they) own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics,     10     far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organization has launched a review into the potential health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.

3 . You are welcome to our channel. An interest in the way ocean currents move led Dr. Erik van Sebille to track garbage. This Dutch scientist hopes that by making us aware of how much we litter our oceans, we’ll be motivated to better stash (存放) our garbage.

Question: Where does the garbage in our oceans come from ?
Answer: It can come from litter people leave behind on beaches. Or from things falling off ships. Almost every river’s garbage will end up in the ocean too. Plastic garbage is the biggest problem, though. That’s because it doesn’t easily break down. It can stay in the ocean for thousands of years. Eventually, it arrives at the garbage patches (垃圾带).
Question: Does this mean that ocean garbage is worse than garbage on land ?
Answer: Litter in the ocean is probably just as bad as litter in a forest or a park. The main problem in either place is that, if animals eat plastic pieces, they can become very ill. But we know how to solve the problem: Just stop polluting!
Question: Many persons love tossing a message in a bottle into the ocean. Is that a bad idea ?
Answer: Finding a bottle with a message in it is awesome, very special! But most bottles will never end up on a beach. They’ll turn up in the garbage patches, where it’s unlikely that someone will find them. If you want to play with ocean currents, go to the website and release virtual bottles. That way, you’re   not littering our oceans.
1. Animals can become very ill if they _______________.

A．turn up in the garbage patches.	B．arrive at the garbage patches.
C．eat plastic pieces.	D．play with bottles.

2. It is almost _______________ to toss a message in a bottle into the ocean.

A．educative.

B．useful.

C．interesting.

D．meaningless.

3. This passage belongs to a   _______________.

A．story.

B．poem.

C．scientific article.

D．television interview.

4 . Water companies have pumped waste water into Britain’s seas and rivers for more than nine million hours since 2016, new data suggests. The figure is an increase of 2,553% over five years, according to Environment Agency (EA) data, so the EA warned holidaymakers to avoid dozens of beaches across England and Wales this week.

Untreated waste water was spotted pouring into the sea near Bexhill, East Sussex on Wednesday. On Saturday, the red flags were removed, meaning the water was officially considered safe to bathe in. The beach, however, was nearly deserted.

Rachel Streeter moved to Bexhill in 2007 to enjoy wild swimming and the beach. “Flies actually flew above the surface of the water as well as the waste water. It’s quite horrible,” she said. Rachel says her friends and family have all become sick after swimming. Her 79-year-old mother went for a swim last week and fell ill with “a severe bacterial infection (感染)”.

Businesses say they are being affected by it too. Cliff Meadon, who runs business in the sea, says he has lost “thousands” pounds over the last two years due to water pollution. “We’ve been on the water with groups when we’ve had to come in as the waste comes out,” he said.

In Hastings people were advised not to swim due to a pollution risk this week. Beaches in Normans Bay as well as Bexhill were closed but have now reopened.

Southern Water argued that the water company had not been deliberately (故意的) pouring untreated water into the sea. A spokesperson for the company said, “This week’s heavy rain has fallen onto dry ground that can’t absorb surface run-off, meaning that more rain than usual has entered our waterway networks. This led to some overflows, spilling some untreated water into the sea.”

Southern Water was fined £90 million last year for widespread pollution after sending out more than 6,000 untreated waste water.

1. What warning has the EA given?

A．Holidaymakers not going to certain beaches.

B．A severe bacterial infection breaking out in the UK.

C．Southern Water stopping pouring waste water into the sea.

D．Cliff Meadon stopping running business in the sea.

2. What caused the problem according to the spokesperson for Southern Water?

A．Heavy rainfalls.	B．Too many holidaymakers.
C．Damaged waterway networks.	D．Poor management of water companies.

3. Which of the following serves as the best title?

A．Holidaymakers facing pollution risk

B．Dozens of Britain’s beaches closed to holidaymakers

C．Lots of families pouring untreated waste water into seas

D．Huge increase in untreated waste water entering Britain’s seas

4. In which section of the website are you likely to read the text?

A．Health.

B．Business.

C．Environment.

D．Sports.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A recent research shows that 86% of the world’s rivers have been damaged by human activities. The research     1     (conduct) by experts from a university in Toulouse, France,     2     examined data on over 2,500 rivers around the world.     3     (look) into changes in biodiversity (多样性) over the past 200 years, the scientists discovered that biodiversity in over half of the rivers has been seriously damaged by humans. The researchers said there were many reasons     4     this damage. A big reason is the     5     (introduce) of new species of fish into rivers. Other reasons include pollution, dams, overfishing, farming     6     climate change.

Unsurprisingly, the worst-hit rivers are in western Europe and North America. This is because these regions have large and rich     7     (city) crowded with people. The lead researcher Brosse said: “Rivers which have the most economic development around them, like the Mississippi River, are the most     8     (strong) affected.” The River Thames in London was one of the worst-affected rivers in the study. The least-affected rivers are in Africa and Australia. This is probably due to a     9     (slow) rate of industrialization in Africa and smaller population around rivers in Australia. Brosse added that rivers in many rich nations are unrecognizable compared with how they     10     (be) 200 years ago.

7 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The babies of women living in high air pollution neighborhoods may have lower IQs. A study followed low-income pregnant women in the South Bronx and upper Manhattan. The women     1     (wear) monitors during the last months of pregnancy. They lived in areas     2     had high pollution from cars, buses and trucks.

Before     3     (start) school, the children took IQ tests. The children most exposed     4     air pollution scored lower than children with lower exposure did. The four or five points may affect schoolwork.

Experts say the     5     (different) do not mean that children will not learn to read and write. It shows that air pollution may harm children as much as lead (铅) does. The research may explain     6     these children do not do well in school.

    7     (early) research than this showed that air pollution could increase the risk of cancer, lower birth     8     (weigh) and asthma (哮喘). Researchers plan     9     (continue) monitoring and testing the children. They want to know if school performance     10     (affect) over a long time. Experts said this research was important. They said there should be more studies.