Ocean pollution
Pollution in the oceans severely
Ocean pollution
Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed by pollution prove them wrong.
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Hello, everyone! It is my honor to deliver a speech on keeping air clean. As is know to us, we humans can’t live without air, just as fish can’t live without water. However, the World Health Organization has recently announced a shocked study about the air we breathe. It has found that almost everyone on the earth breathe unhealthy air. The data is rough from 600 cities in 117 countries. The study shows that mostly of the world’s people breathe the air that it breaks WHO air quality limits. As a result, million of people die every scar because pollution - related diseases. Therefore, it was important for us to take action to solve the environment problems and keep the air clean.
4 . Many of us might not give a second thought to dropping a small piece of litter. After all, if it is so small, it cannot possibly be that harmful, can it? In today’s world, the answer is certainly “Yes, it can! “With the growing use of plastic bags and the rising number of smokers, there is more litter being produced than ever before.
Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. Worldwide, about 4. 3 trillion cigarette butts are littered every year. As well as spoiling the beauty of the environment, they contain poisonous chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they affect water quality and endanger plants and animals. Cigarette butts can take up to 25 years to break down, and the poisonous chemicals add up to a large amount with so many littered. So, if people want to smoke, they should dispose of the butts properly in a rubbish bin.
Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is dangerous to the environment. They are easily blown by wind and float in water, so they can travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans, killing many birds, mammals, fish, and sea animals each year worldwide. They can last for hundreds of years in the environment. We should not let plastic bags become litter. We should use fewer plastic bags, and reuse and recycle what we have already used.
One way to reduce the use of plastic bags is to charge for them. Shops used to give plastic bags for free. But in some countries, including China, customers are now charged for each bag. Some shops also have a “bag -for-life “ scheme. They sell strong bags that can be reused, and they replaced them for free if the bags ever break.
Waste is a big problem for the environment, so we need to do something. Not littering at all or cleaning up “small waste” saves money spent on coping with litter properly. However, it would be better not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.
1. Small pieces of litter can be harmful because_________| A．Litter from smokers and plastic bags have greatly increased. |
| B．Plastic bags and litter are easily blown by wind and float in water. |
| C．Plastic bags and cigarette butts spoil the beauty of the environment. |
| D．Plastic bags and cigarette butts definitely contain poisonous chemicals. |
| A．set off | B．deal with | C．figure out | D．bring about |
| A．People recycle the used plastic bags and smoke less. |
| B．Shops offer the customers plastic bags free of charge. |
| C．Smokers leave cigarette butts regularly in a rubbish bin. |
| D．We all save money spent on disposing of litter properly. |
| A．More charge, less litter. |
| B．Strict control, little litter |
| C．Small waste, big problem |
| D．Small butts, bad environment |
5 . Breathing dirty air can cost someone’s lifespan (寿命) months—even years, a new study finds. Worldwide, air pollution lowers average lifespans by a year. Scientists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters.
Air pollution (污染) has been linked to many health problems. Most earlier studies have looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. But now an environmental scientist, Joshua Apte, is going even further. He works at the University of Texas, Austin. He together with his team is looking at life expectancy, hoping to make the threat easier to understand.
PM 2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM2.5 can cause health problems and cut months, if not years, from the average lifespan. This analysis shows pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting PM 2.5 to 10 micrograms (微克) per cubic (立方) meter of air. Apte’s group used data to try to find how this low level would help people. But meeting the WHO standard won’t get rid of health damage from dirty air. That’s because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter pollution still causes huge risks.
Reducing air pollution could increase life expectancy. The scientists also compared how other threats shorten life spans across the globe. These risk factors included smoking and cancer.
These results show that in poor countries, cleaning up dirty air could greatly increase lifespans. It could have as big an effect as cleaning up drinking water, or curing lung cancer. However, in wealthier countries air pollution shortens life expectancy by less than half a year. All forms of cancer, in fact, shorten the average life expectancy by more than 3.5 years. “Knowing this can really help people. or policymakers, decide where to spend their money.” says Kirk Smith.
1. Why is Joshua Apte’s team carrying out the study?| A．Know how small air pollutants are. |
| B．Study many different healthy problems. |
| C．Let people understand air pollution better. |
| D．Study the life expectancy of different people. |
| A．Its air is very clean. |
| B．It still has pollution risks. |
| C．It will get a prize from WHO. |
| D．Its people will live a healthy life. |
| A．It’s very hard to clean up dirty air in a short time. |
| B．Lung cancer is the leading killer in all kinds of cancers. |
| C．Reducing air pollution can increase all people’s lifespans much. |
| D．The study will help different countries or people take different policies. |
| A．Air Pollution is Shortening Lives Worldwide |
| B．Many Factors are Affecting People’s Health |
| C．Governments are Trying to Make Lifespan Long |
| D．The Effect of Cancer is Worse than Dirty Air |
1. 简述雾霾情况;
2. 倡导绿色生活;
3. 提出具体措施
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Green Life, Clearer Air
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7 . In 1907, Leo Baekeland invented Bakelite — the first ever plastic. Since then, plastics have been used widely in various industries and people’s lives. Plastic bags were introduced to supermarkets in 1977. Now, 160,000 plastic bags are used globally every second!
Plastic bags live on much, much longer — perhaps as much as 1,000 years in a landfill (垃圾填埋地).
When plastic breaks down in the ocean, it doesn’t break down completely.
Plastic bags cause the death of many sea animals when they are mistaken for food. In 2008, a whale was found beached in California. It died due to the more than 22 kilos of plastic found in its stomach.
The key to improving our environmental behavior is to make a plan. And you should build your environmental muscle memory: Put your recyclable bags somewhere that will ensure you always remember to bring them with you.
If you drive to the store, keep your bags in your car.
Through this act of green, you have created a plan to ensure you will always have your reusable grocery bags on hand when you need them.
| A．If you bike, keep them in your basket. |
| B．But it only counts if you stick to the plan. |
| C．It remains harmful even when it breaks down. |
| D．Plastic bags are billed for their “convenience”. |
| E．It just gets smaller and ends up getting eaten by fish. |
| F．So we know that we should never use plastic grocery bags. |
| G．You’ll feel proud when you see what a difference you’ve made! |
1. Why does the speaker think our world is becoming much smaller?
| A．People are using modern traffic and communication means. |
| B．The earth is being polluted day and night. |
| C．The population on the earth is growing too fast. |
| A．Water pollution. | B．Noise pollution. | C．Air pollution. |
| A．It makes us become angry more easily. |
| B．It makes people sleepless. |
| C．It is bad for all living things in the world. |
| A．Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution. |
| B．The pollution of the earth doesn’t grow as fast as the world population does. |
| C．Water pollution is more serious than noise pollution. |
The population of the earth is increasing very fast. Humans must make the earth support the increasing population. This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry
Such a rapid development produces more and more waste,
When farmers add fertilizer (肥料)
The air in some cities
10 . As Plastic Chokes the Ocean, Technology Can Help
Some 8 million tons of non-recyclable (不可回收的) plastic end up in the ocean each year. At an alarming rate, the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century.
Require a global solution to a global problem.
Pay more attention to the new studies on plastic and technologies. Some of researchers are aiming to make replacements for plastic.
Expect more responsibility from manufacturers.
The world doesn’t have enough time in trying to solve the problem. The sooner these efforts start, the better.
| A．Strengthen the connection between countries. |
| B．Others are doing more research on new technologies. |
| C．Nearly 200 countries agreed to ban plastic pollution. |
| D．Establish production limits for non-recyclable plastic. |
| E．They should care about different laws on plastic in the poorer countries. |
| F．They are well aware of how to reduce the harms their products cause. |
| G．Thus it’s necessary to take immediate action to stop that. |
