1 . Drive through any suburb in the U.S. Today, and it’s hard to miss the recycling bins that have become companions to America’s trash cans. Recycling has become common, as people recognize the need to care for the environment. Yet most people’s recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles, and cans. People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of e-waste.

E-waste rapidly increases as the techno- fashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices, and the majority of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地). Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs, VCRs, computers, cell phones, and other electronics every year. Unless we can find a safe replacement, this e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic. Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.

However, e-waste often contains reusable silver, gold, and other electrical materials. Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals, which can destroy ecosystems.

A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping e-waste. Still, less than a quarter of this waste will reach lawful recycling programs. Some companies advertising safe disposal in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries, where it still ends up in landfills. These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out- of- sight, out- of- mind location.

However, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e- waste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all.

1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A．Many Americans now have access to recycling bins.

B．E-waste cannot be put into trash cans in the U.S.

C．Most Americans have realized the dangers of e-waste.

D．Most of America’s trash cans are made of recycled material.

2. What can best replace the underlined word “contaminates” in Paragraph 2?

A．pollutes.	B．heats.
C．absorbs.	D．reduces.

3. How does the author feel about burying e-waste in landfills?

A．It’s important.	B．It’s unsafe.
C．It’s acceptable.	D．It’s uncommon.

4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?

A．To tell us how to recycle e-waste.

B．To talk about the future of e-waste.

C．To discuss if it’s necessary to recycle e-waste.

D．To encourage us to deal with e-waste properly.

2 . The online takeaway industry is growing in China along with the rapid development of the Internet economy. But environmental activists complain that the huge volume of plastic utensils (用具), wrapping and containers presents a great challenge to the environment, and that the heavy use of throwaway wooden chopsticks is reducing natural resources.

On September 1, the Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court accepted a lawsuit filed by the Chongqing Green Volunteer League, an environmental non-government organization (NGO), against the country’s three largest food delivery platforms—Baidu Waimai, Ele.me and Meituan. The NGO stated that the companies failed to provide customers with the choice to not receive throwaway plastic utensils along with their food deliveries. Meanwhile, these utensils have created large amounts of rubbish and caused serious ecological damage.

In response, both Meituan and Ele.me, which acquired Baidu Waimai in August, have promised to take measures to reduce plastic waste. Meituan announced that it would appoint a chief environmental officer to oversee environmental issues from plastic waste and upgrade its smartphone app to provide consumers with the option of ordering food without single-use chopsticks, spoons or napkins. Ele.me followed by offering a similar choice and putting forward a plan to introduce suppliers of degradable (可降解的) plastic utensils to restaurants in the long term.

Is there a possible way out? Combined efforts by delivery platforms, consumers, restaurants and government departments are required to address plastic waste pollution.

For platforms, promoting environmental protection and introducing this idea to consumers are a meaningful move. Moreover, in the future, they should also make strict rules on the use of plastic utensils. For example, no more than one plastic bag should be used to wrap soup dishes, and all plastic products should be degradable. It is a long and difficult task for them, and the recent reactions from Ele.me and Meituan are just beginnings.

Considering most takeout food packaging is thrown into garbage bins and then taken away along with other household garbage, sorting of waste also becomes more important. Government departments could play a major role in this, and by recycling some materials, waste pollution could be reduced and resources saved. Furthermore, there have been growing calls that the government should also invest more in developing degradable plastic products or environmentally friendly alternatives.

Though consumers enjoy the convenience yet also suffer exposure to the pollution, many of them have paid little attention to the plastic waste problem. Environmental groups suggest that consumers change their habits a little by using their own utensils and dishes and refusing unnecessary plastic containers.

1. The Chongqing Green Volunteer League accused the three food delivery platforms of ________.

A．causing damage to people’s health

B．violating environmental standards

C．using many wooden chopsticks

D．offering no utensil option

2. The author suggests food delivery platforms ________.

A．raise people’s awareness	B．research possible alternatives
C．upgrade their application design	D．hire a chief environmental officer

3. Who probably plays a more important role in promoting the categorization of rubbish?

A．Government departments.	B．Food delivery platforms.
C．Environmental groups.	D．Fast food restaurants.

4. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.

A．why environmental problems arise

B．who food delivery platforms affect most

C．how plastic utensil pollution can be solved

D．what efforts environmental groups have made

3 . 假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I’d like to tell you something about the problem of pollution we are facing to. As we know, the factory beside our school gives off heavy smoke all day long. Very loudly noises hurt our ears. Rubbish and waste were thrown here or there. It also sends out pollute water and poisonous gas. All this has done great harms to the health and study of the teachers and students. But after time goes by, little has done to change the situation. I don’t think you can study well before the problem is solved. We do hope if you’ll help and support us.

4 . Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing _____ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.

So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which ______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and _____ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.

United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and _____ for the future.

“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is ______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.

He praised the ______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but _____ the outcome remained uncertain.

“We are still in a race ______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.

Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to _____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels ______and transforming vast areas into desert.

“______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is ______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.

Scientists and ______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently   ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.

1.

A．applicants

B．fears

C．observations

D．comments

2.

A．seeks

B．allows

C．assumes

D．seizes

3.

A．institutions

B．laboratories

C．committees

D．factories

4.

A．formally

B．instantly

C．particularly

D．generally

5.

A．prejudices

B．approaches

C．visions

D．concepts

6.

A．spiritual

B．historic

C．appropriate

D．valueless

7.

A．agreements

B．groups

C．headquarters

D．emissions

8.

A．apologized

B．denied

C．warned

D．overlooked

9.

A．against

B．on

C．for

D．without

10.

A．avoid

B．find

C．address

D．ignore

11.

A．falling

B．rising

C．disappearing

D．remaining

12.

A．Until

B．Since

C．If

D．While

13.

A．under no circumstances	B．on the contrary
C．in no case	D．by all means

14.

A．officers

B．policymakers

C．employers

D．technicians

15.

A．remove

B．preserve

C．supply

D．restore

5 . During the twenty years there has been increasing concern with the quality of the environment. Alone with air and water pollutants, noise pollution has been recognized as a serious pollutant. As noise levels have risen, the effects of noise have become more obvious.

Noise is defined as “unwanted sound”. Causes of noise pollution include traffic, aircraft, rock bands, barking dogs, televisions, garbage trucks, and noise from neighbors, voices, alarms, and watercrafts. Studies show that over forty percent of Americans are disturbed at home or lose sleep because of noise pollution.

Noise has bad effects on people and the environment. Noise causes hearing loss, interferes with human activities at home and work, and is in various ways dangerous to people’s health and well-being.

When we think, talk, listen to music, or sleep, we need quiet. Even low levels of noise can be annoying or frustrating. Sudden increases in volume can make sounds annoying. The quieter the background is, the more penetrating a noise can be.

Noise can also make instructions or warning unclear, resulting in accidents. Louder noise bursts can cause more problems. Continued stress caused by living in noisy conditions can lead to high blood pressure, which is the major cause of some diseases.

Long exposure to noise levels above eight-five decibels can damage inner cells and lead to hearing loss. Noise can result in the involuntary fear response and can cause adrenaline to be pumped into the bloodstream, the heart rate to quicken, muscles to tense, breathing to increase, and the digestive system to slow down.

Local government has the responsibility to fight noise pollution. For example, it can regulate the speed of trains through their community. On the other hand, a responsible citizen will never make noise pollution wherever he is.

1. What does the underlined word “penetrating” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．High and exciting.	B．Deep and shocking.
C．Loud and unpleasant.	D．Clear and comfortable.

2. Which of the following is not related to noise pollution?

A．Quickening the digestive system.	B．Having low blood pressure.
C．Slowing down the heart rate.	D．Breathing fast.

3. In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that _____________.

A．individuals and government should work together to reduce noise pollution

B．the government should offer its people better education on noise pollution

C．the government should be responsible for noise pollution

D．people who make noise pollution should be punished

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Measurement of noise levels.	B．Bad effects of noise pollution
C．Hearing damage from environmental noise	D．Community reactions to noise

6 . 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are    1    (nature) gas or electric­powered stoves.

The World Health Organization warns that millions of people    2    (suffer) from indoor air pollution at present time, which results from the use of    3    (danger) fuels and cook­stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are    4    (able) to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. As a result, more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Most of the deaths are in    5    (develop) countries, such as India, China and Latin American countries.

WHO officials say opening a window or door    6    (let) out the harmful air will not correct the situation.     7    will only pollute the outdoors. Nigel Bruce,    8    is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool, says researchers are developing good cook­stoves and other equipment to burn fuels    9    a more efficient way. But, this is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use    10    (clean) fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances (用具).

7 . In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times taster than traditional garbage as a whole.

Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration（含量）of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.

Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging（包装）it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

The U.S Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that"the production, distribution,and use of products-as well as management of the resulting waste-all result in greenhouse gas release." Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start-for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.

In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive（动机）for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap（气泡垫）that encased your television?

From the governments' point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.

1. By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that         .

A．the weight of e-goods is rather small

B．natural minerals contain more precious metals

C．E-waste deserves to be made good use of

D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste

2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended          .

A．from producers to governments

B．from governments to producers

C．from individuals to distributors

D．from distributors to governments

3. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．The increase in e-waste.	B．The creation of e-waste.
C．The seriousness of e-waste.	D．The management of e-waste.

8 . In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The _______ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of _______ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

How did we _______ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to _______ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. _______ modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and _______.

Another cause is our _______of disposable (一次性的) products. As _______ people, we are always looking for _______ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies ________ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

Our appetite for new products also ________ to the problem. We are ________ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that ________ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we ________ useful possessions to make room for new ones.

All around the world, we can see the ________ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To ________ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ________, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ________, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.

Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions ________ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about ________. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

1.

A．key

B．reason

C．project

D．problem

2.

A．gifts

B．rubbish

C．debt

D．products

3.

A．face

B．become

C．observe

D．change

4.

A．hide

B．control

C．replace

D．withdraw

5.

A．Thanks to

B．As to

C．Except for

D．Regardless of

6.

A．safe

B．funny

C．cheap

D．powerful

7.

A．love

B．lack

C．prevention

D．division

8.

A．sensitive

B．kind

C．brave

D．busy

9.

A．ways

B．places

C．jobs

D．friends

10.

A．donate

B．receive

C．produce

D．preserve

11.

A．adapts

B．returns

C．responds

D．contributes

12.

A．tired of

B．addicted to

C．worried about

D．ashamed for

13.

A．newer

B．stronger

C．higher

D．larger

14.

A．pick up

B．pay for

C．hold onto

D．throw away

15.

A．advantages

B．purposes

C．functions

D．consequences

16.

A．show

B．record

C．decrease

D．measure

17.

A．technology

B．environment

C．consumers

D．brands

18.

A．However

B．Otherwise

C．Therefore

D．Meanwhile

19.

A．by

B．in favour of

C．after

D．instead of

20.

A．spending

B．collecting

C．repairing

D．advertising

9 . Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems，but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

1. The text mainly discusses the relationship between ________.

A．heart problems and air quality

B．heart problems and exercising

C．heart problems and smoking

D．heart problems and fatty food

2. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.

A．relatively high	B．extremely low
C．relatively low	D．extremely high

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

4. The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________.

A．inform	B．persuade
C．describe	D．entertain