1 . Unless action is taken immediately, there is a good chance that all the oceans of the world will be dead. How can this possibly happen?

We have already seen that people allow all sorts of waste products to flow into the sea. It is almost impossible to measure how much waste water and industrial waste end up in our oceans, but we can find out how much oil is poured into them legally and illegally. It is illegal to pour oil into the sea close to the shore, but when a ship is many miles out to sea there are no such rules. Scientists have different ideas as to the amount of oil put into the sea, but the lowest figure for oil poured in European waters alone is nearly 200,000 tons every year. Some people say the figure could be ten times as high.

It is not only our coasts that suffer from oil pollution. Among other things, many shell fish (creatures which live in water), and have a hard shell — oysters and mussels, for example — now have high amounts of poisonous substances. Next time you have shell fish to eat, how can you be sure that they are free from oil pollution? You cannot see the effects and you cannot taste them, either. It is really quite a problem.

1. This passage is mainly about_________.

A．pollution in the oceans

B．the amounts of oil in the sea

C．the amounts of poison in shell fish

D．oil pollution in the waters

2. According to the passage, what is the main cause of oil pollution?

A．Oil ships which meet and strike each other.

B．Oil poured at sea when the oil tanks are cleaned out.

C．Oil coming out of the bottom of the sea.

D．Oil from waste water and industrial waste.

3. Which of the following is illegal?

A．Pouring oil into the sea from land, especially when there is no other choice.

B．Allowing waste materials to flow into the waters.

C．Pouring oil at seaside.

D．Going fishing when the water is polluted by oil.

4. What does the underlined word “European waters” mean?

A．The seas around Europe and Africa.

B．The Atlantic Ocean.

C．The Arctic Ocean.

D．The Black Sea and the Mediterranean mainly.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Researchers say they have found microplastics (微塑料) -tiny pieces of plastic that come as a result of the disposal of industrial waste-deep in the lungs of living     1     (human) for the first time.

The research, which     2     (publish) in the journal Science of the Total Environment last week, is the first study     3     (identify) the plastics in the lungs of living people. The plastics have     4     (previous) been found in human blood, waste and in the depths of the ocean.

In the study, researchers     5     (collect) lung tissue from surgical procedures on patients as part of their routine medical care. Researchers identified 12 types of microplastics,     6     are commonly found in bottles, packaging, and clothing, along with other manufacturing processes.

The study notes     7     “increasing concern” with the harm that could come with swallowing and breathing in microplastics.

The world produces about 300 million metric tons of plastic a year and about 80% ends     8     in landfills and other parts of the environment. Microplastics can range from 10 nano-meters-    9     (small) than the human eye can see-to 5 millimeters in diameter, about the size of the eraser on the end of a pencil. Researchers have found them     10     (float) in the air, in tap or bottled water, and in the sea or soil.

3 . Lagos, a big city in Nigeria, has a population of 20 million, and they can produce between 13, 000 and 15, 000 tonnes of waste every day including 2, 250 tonnes of plastic.

Despite a lot of cleaning, Lagos has no proper system to dispose of rubbish, and not having public awareness of pollution brings a huge environmental challenge. Litter gets washed away by the rains and waterways and ends up in mountains of rubbish on the beaches. Light- house Beach is one of the beaches. It stretches for about 100 kilometers along the Atlantic, all the way to neighboring Benin. Lined with palm trees, the beach could be beautiful if it weren’t for all the pollution.

“It is time that we should raise awareness of keeping the environment clean and clean up all the plastic,” says Chioma Chukwura, who helped pick up rubbish on Lighthouse Beach. At the end of a tiring day, 230 large bin bags were put together on the hot sand, filled with dirty plastic.

“Although the job is challenging,a company will come and pick them up tomorrow. All the plastic here will get reused. Sold for $500 a tonne, the plastic could bring $250 million to Lagos each year, and a cleaner environment could promote the development of the city,” says Owoade Yussuf, organiser of the cleanup.

As the volunteers leave at the end of the day,always just 100 meters is clean. “There is still a lot to do. Maybe we need two months, continuously, to get this cleaned up,” says another volunteer. “We have to find a way to prevent the plastic from coming back. After we’ve finished, I’m sure we may still see litter here when we come back.”

On Lighthouse Beach, the problem isn’t just plastic. Destroyed ships also pollute the beach. With that kind of pollution, even an army of volunteers may struggle. However, with more help, they can still make a difference.

1. How does the author show the severity of rubbish in Lagos in paragraph l?

A．By listing numbers.	B．By giving examples.
C．By asking questions.	D．By making comparisons.

2. What does the underlined phrase “dispose of” mean in paragraph 2?

A．Pick out.

B．Deal with.

C．Bring about.

D．Adapt to,

3. Which of the following is the common idea of the three volunteers?

A．There is no need to recycle the beach litter.

B．It is tough to clean all the plastic on the beach.

C．It is nccessary to sell the beach litter for money.

D．There is no fund to remove all the beach plastic.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Destroyed Lighthouse Beach in Lagos

B．Plastic Pollution is a Worldwide Problem

C．Lagos Faces Many Environmental Challenges

D．Cleanup Efforts on Lagos’Lighthouse Beach

4 . The garment (服装) industry is one of the largest carbon polluters on planet Earth, and one of the greatest producers of waste. Three out of five of the 100 billion garments made in 2018 ended up in landfill within a year. Toxic chemicals land in the environment and worker communities, and the production of cotton uses up vast amounts of water.

The business model of fast fashion has led to an enormous increase in the amounts of clothes that are produced, sold, and thrown. According to McKinsey, clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014, and the average consumer buys 60% more garments each year. At the same time, these clothes are kept only half as long as they were a mere fifteen years ago.

About 100 billion items of clothing are produced each year; that’s nearly 14 items for every human being on the planet. Some of those never even reach the consumers; it caused a minor anger when in 2018 a luxury brand admitted to burning clothes just to protect the brand.

Yet, with clothes being so cheap, people do not wear at least 50 percent of their wardrobes, according to this study. The clothing and footwear industries together account for more than 8 percent of global climate influence, greater than all international airline flights and oceanic shipping trips combined. Water usage for growing cotton has led to huge lack of water, and coloring and treatment of garments make up 17%—20% of all industrial water pollution.

An industry that makes billions on the use of the planet does not suddenly become more sustainable (可持续的) when they start using organic cotton, or start burning their unsold goods (remember—people worked really hard for very little money on those clothes!) as a green fuel…

1. What does the underlined word “Toxic” mean in paragraph 1?

A．Colorful.

B．Enormous.

C．Beneficial.

D．Poisonous.

2. Why do people throw so many clothes away?

A．The new model clothing change too slowly.

B．Some luxury clothes are cheap.

C．There are more new clothes every year.

D．They want to make full use of green fuel.

3. What may garment waste influence least?

A．Fishing.

B．Climate.

C．Transport.

D．Agriculture.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Clothing waste.	B．Sources of pollution.
C．The garment industry.	D．Effects of environmental pollution.

5 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

There are at least five hot spots of     1     (float) plastic in the global ocean.

These are gyres (海洋环流),       2     circulating currents trap debris (残渣). This one—the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch—is the     3     (large), with almost 80, 000 tonnes     4     (distribute) over 600, 000 square miles.

The scientists teamed up     5     a charity that collects old fishing gear and other litter from the ocean, and gathered hundreds of plastic items     6     (study) in the lab.

They     7     (find) plants and animals in 2021, including anemones, tiny marine bugs, and crabs on 90% of the debris they examined.

As well as     8     (create) a semi-permanent floating habitat for     9     (coast) species in the open ocean, the researchers say all this plastic could be providing invasive species with rafts (筏子) that allow them to cross     10     Pacific.

This, they say, is yet another unintended consequence of plastic pollution for the ocean.