1 . You are welcome to our channel. An interest in the way ocean currents move led Dr. Erik van Sebille to track garbage. This Dutch scientist hopes that by making us aware of how much we litter our oceans, we’ll be motivated to better stash (存放) our garbage.
Question: Where does the garbage in our oceans come from ?Answer: It can come from litter people leave behind on beaches. Or from things falling off ships. Almost every river’s garbage will end up in the ocean too. Plastic garbage is the biggest problem, though. That’s because it doesn’t easily break down. It can stay in the ocean for thousands of years. Eventually, it arrives at the garbage patches (垃圾带).
Question: Does this mean that ocean garbage is worse than garbage on land ?
Answer: Litter in the ocean is probably just as bad as litter in a forest or a park. The main problem in either place is that, if animals eat plastic pieces, they can become very ill. But we know how to solve the problem: Just stop polluting!
Question: Many persons love tossing a message in a bottle into the ocean. Is that a bad idea ?
Answer: Finding a bottle with a message in it is awesome, very special! But most bottles will never end up on a beach. They’ll turn up in the garbage patches, where it’s unlikely that someone will find them. If you want to play with ocean currents, go to the website and release virtual bottles. That way, you’re not littering our oceans.
1. Animals can become very ill if they _______________.
| A．turn up in the garbage patches. | B．arrive at the garbage patches. |
| C．eat plastic pieces. | D．play with bottles. |
| A．educative. | B．useful. | C．interesting. | D．meaningless. |
| A．story. | B．poem. | C．scientific article. | D．television interview. |
The babies of women living in high air pollution neighborhoods may have lower IQs. A study followed low-income pregnant women in the South Bronx and upper Manhattan. The women
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4 . It’s becoming increasingly difficult to see stars in the night sky from cities and it’s getting worse because of the spread of LED lighting, say scientists.
New research led by the University of Exeter shows that light pollution has increased by 49% over 25 years globally, a number that only includes light visible to satellites. However, the researchers suggest that the actual increase in light pollution could be up to 270% globally and as much as 400% in some areas.
Light pollution can impact the natural environment and is probably responsible for the huge drop in insect populations. A world without insects is a world without humans.
“The global spread of man-made light is destroying the natural night-time environment,” said Dr Alejandro Sanchez de Miguel. “This study provides clear evidence about how bad a global problem light pollution has become, and that it is continuing to get worse, and probably at a faster and faster rate.”
“Despite what people think, LED lighting, while providing some energy savings, has increased light pollution and also has an impact on insects,” said Dr Sanchez de Miguel. The blue light from LEDs goes undetected by satellite sensors, but increases visible light that limits astronomical observations.
However, that’s not the whole story. “To take the UK as an example, if you take no notice of the effect of LED use, you get a false impression that light pollution has recently diminished,” said Dr Sanchez de Miguel. “However, correcting for this effect shows it has really increased, and probably very greatly.”
“Over the past 25 years, the transition to LED lighting has seen rapid increases in light pollution globally,” said Ruskin Hartley, Executive Director of the International Dark-Sky Association. “Without united action to reduce light pollution, the impact on the natural environment will increase, further threatening biodiversity, wasting energy, and meaning a whole generation will grow up in the twilight.”
1. What does the author mean according to Paragraph 1?| A．The biodiversity is in a worse situation. |
| B．The use of satellite can be helpful. |
| C．The wide use of LED lighting causes problems. |
| D．The habit of people’s use of energy is changing. |
| A．Decreased. | B．Developed. | C．Doubled. | D．Rised. |
| A．The light pollution has recently increased very greatly. |
| B．United action are badly needed to reduce light pollution. |
| C．The light pollution has continued to get worse at a faster and faster rate. |
| D．The transition to LED lighting has rarely seen increases in light pollution globally. |
| A．What is light pollution? |
| B．What causes the light pollution? |
| C．Global light pollution is getting worse |
| D．How does the light pollution impact the world? |
5 . Merle Liivand was born in Estonia. As a child, she had health problems, and began swimming to help her lungs get stronger. She was soon taking part in open water swimming contests, sometimes even in icy water. In 2017 and 2019, she represented Estonia at the World Aquatics Championships.
Eleven years ago, Ms. Merle moved to Miami, Florida. In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some plastic floating in the sea. That experience made her think of all the sea animals who faced similar pollution every day. She began swimming with a special single swimming fin(鳍状物) attached to both of her feet. This rubbery “monofin” allows her to swim by kicking both of her legs together. “Swimming with the monofin without using my arms is similar to how dolphins and sea animals swim,” says Ms. Merle. She believes that swimming with a monofin “sends a bigger message”.
Ms. Merle first set the world record for swimming with a monofin in 2019, when she swam 10 kilometers off the coast of California. In 2020, she broke the record again by swimming 20. 6 kilometers, this time in Miami, Florida.
Last year, she set a new Guinness World Record by swimming 30 kilometers, again in Florida. Even though it took her 9 hours and 19 minutes to set that record, Ms. Merle says she knew she could go farther. So for the last year, Ms. Merle has been getting up at 4 every morning, putting on her monofin and going swimming.
On May 7, Ms. Merle broke the record once more, this time swimming the length of a full marathon. It took her 11 hours and 54 seconds to swim 42.2 kilometers.
To keep her energy up, a friend followed her in a kayak and gave her food and water from time to time. Along the way, Ms. Merle picked up all the trash she found and put it in the kayak. By the end of her marathon, the kayak held three bags full of trash.
1. Why did Merle Liivand start to swim?| A．To become physically fitter. | B．To pick up rubbish out of water. |
| C．To satisfy her interest in water. | D．To win swimming contests. |
| A．To help develop her strength. | B．To improve her swimming speed. |
| C．To experience the life of a sea animal. | D．To raise public awareness of plastic pollution. |
| A．Far-reaching influences brought by Ms. Merle. |
| B．Ms. Merle’s amazing achievements in swimming. |
| C．Hardships Ms. Merle experienced while swimming. |
| D．Ms. Merle’s contributions to environmental protection. |
| A．Considerate and modest. | B．Ambitious and proud. |
| C．Kind-hearted and hard-working. | D．Strong-willed and generous. |
6 . The garment (服装) industry is one of the largest carbon polluters on planet Earth, and one of the greatest producers of waste. Three out of five of the 100 billion garments made in 2018 ended up in landfill within a year. Toxic chemicals land in the environment and worker communities, and the production of cotton uses up vast amounts of water.
The business model of fast fashion has led to an enormous increase in the amounts of clothes that are produced, sold, and thrown. According to McKinsey, clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014, and the average consumer buys 60% more garments each year. At the same time, these clothes are kept only half as long as they were a mere fifteen years ago.
About 100 billion items of clothing are produced each year; that’s nearly 14 items for every human being on the planet. Some of those never even reach the consumers; it caused a minor anger when in 2018 a luxury brand admitted to burning clothes just to protect the brand.
Yet, with clothes being so cheap, people do not wear at least 50 percent of their wardrobes, according to this study. The clothing and footwear industries together account for more than 8 percent of global climate influence, greater than all international airline flights and oceanic shipping trips combined. Water usage for growing cotton has led to huge lack of water, and coloring and treatment of garments make up 17%—20% of all industrial water pollution.
An industry that makes billions on the use of the planet does not suddenly become more sustainable (可持续的) when they start using organic cotton, or start burning their unsold goods (remember—people worked really hard for very little money on those clothes!) as a green fuel…
1. What does the underlined word “Toxic” mean in paragraph 1?| A．Colorful. | B．Enormous. | C．Beneficial. | D．Poisonous. |
| A．The new model clothing change too slowly. |
| B．Some luxury clothes are cheap. |
| C．There are more new clothes every year. |
| D．They want to make full use of green fuel. |
| A．Fishing. | B．Climate. | C．Transport. | D．Agriculture. |
| A．Clothing waste. | B．Sources of pollution. |
| C．The garment industry. | D．Effects of environmental pollution. |
7 . The essence (本质) of fast fashion is to make clothes inexpensively and quickly, to get new trends and styles into stores and online as soon as possible, and it comes at a high social and environmental cost. Keeping production costs low means they can make their clothes cheap, using cheap labour in unsafe working conditions, and in countries with bad environmental regulations.
Throw-away culture is deeply rooted in our society; three in five of our clothing pieces are thrown out within a year. Fast fashion brands keep the consumers hungry and feeling like they need more by attracting them with newness and convincing the consumers that they need what they’re selling. This only results in increasing textile waste as people no longer want but throw it away.
Criticisms of the fast fashion industry include its negative environmental impact: water pollution, the use of toxic (有毒的) chemicals and increasing levels of textile waste. Textile dyeing is the second largest polluter of clean water globally, after agriculture. Fast fashion companies rely on their products being made cheaply and quickly, so they avoid talking when it comes to being aware of their impact on the environment. Greenpeace’s recent Detox Campaign showed that many brands use toxic and dangerous chemicals in their supply chains, and many of the chemicals are either banned or strictly controlled in lots of countries.
In conclusion, the fast fashion industry has a bad effect on our environment through fast fashion brands’ ecological practices and only continues to make the problem last for a long time in the future through extreme consumerist culture. In order for change to happen, the common people need to open their eyes and take measures to prevent the fast fashion from growing.
1. What’s one of the characteristics of fast fashion?| A．Causing a lot of anxiety. | B．Making people buy old clothes. |
| C．Selling most clothes through stores. | D．Producing clothes quickly. |
| A．They are mainly sold online. | B．They are made in unsafe countries. |
| C．They are made by cheap labour. | D．They save the cost of advertising. |
| A．Natural. | B．Surprising. | C．Absurd. | D．Puzzling. |
| A．Changing fast fashion brands’ working conditions. |
| B．Changing clothes stores’ sales model. |
| C．Introducing stricter laws for factories. |
| D．Raising public awareness of preventing fast fashion. |
8 . Just when you thought you were taking care of your health by eating enough fruit and vegetables every day, new research has come out revealing that you might be swallowing microplastic particles (颗粒) along with all those vitamins, minerals, and fibre. A groundbreaking study published in the journal Environmental Research has found that fruits and vegetables absorb microplastic particles from the soil and move them through vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred to human bodies.
The researchers, who are from the University of Catania in Italy, as well as Sousse and Monastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety of common fruits and vegetables — carrots, lettuce, broccoli, potatoes, apples, and pears. These were chosen for the fact that they are frequently consumed, usually one per day, which allowed the researchers to better assess the dietary intakes of MPs (microplastic particles) and NPs (nano-plastics). The samples were purchased from different sources in the city of Catania, including a small fruit vendor and a supermarket.
The researchers found that apples, followed by pears, were the most polluted fruit samples, and carrots were the most polluted vegetable. In the study’s discussion section, the authors wrote, “We can assume that the fruits contain more MPs not only because of the very high vascularization(血管化) of the fruit pulp(果肉) but also due to the greater size and complexity of the root system and age of the tree (several years) compared to the vegetables (60–75 days for the carrot). ”
This study is important because it’s the first to detect microplastics in fruits and vegetables.
They have been found in other sources before, such as sea salt, beer, water (bottled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, soil, and even air, but never inside fresh produce. It’s an alarming discovery that raises yet another red flag about microplastic pollution in the natural environment.
It’s an area that will likely see a lot more attention in coming years, with the study authors calling for further research into the question of microplastic and whether it harms the health of both plants and humans.
1. What is the study about?| A．The main cause of soil pollution. |
| B．The great changes in people’s diets. |
| C．The benefits of eating fruits and vegetables. |
| D．The microplastic pollution in fruits and vegetables. |
| A．To lower the cost of the study. |
| B．To gain widespread acceptance. |
| C．To improve the accuracy of the study. |
| D．To reduce the time for preparing the samples. |
| A．The deep spreading roots. |
| B．The long growth period of fruit trees. |
| C．The complex preservation method. |
| D．The large amounts of the fruit pulp. |
| A．It needs to be further studied. |
| B．It wasted them quite a lot of time. |
| C．It has raised people’s awareness of health. |
| D．It has attracted people’s attention to diets. |
9 . One out of every six deaths in 2019 were the result of pollution, according to a new estimate published in The Lancet Planetary Health.
The analysis, led by an international team of scientists, indicates that pollution played a role in 9 million deaths globally in 2019. This impact on health is higher than malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, drugs or alcohol.
Despite improvements made in water pollution in recent years, a rise in air and chemical pollution means the death rate has been relatively unchanged since 2015. Air pollution alone contributed to an estimated 75% of the reported deaths.
“Air pollution is similar to smoking cigarettes. It damages the lungs, preventing us from absorbing oxygen we need for life,” said Dr. Keith Martin, co-author of the paper.
Another primary concern is the growing numbers in chemical and heavy metal pollution, particularly lead poisoning. High concentrations of lead in the blood can cause problems with the heart, kidneys and cognition. This type of pollution arises from batteries and electronic waste, such as computers. According to the World Health Organization, The Lancet report’s estimates of deaths from lead and chemical pollution are in line with 2019 WHO estimates.
The U.S. and other high-income countries have made some steps to fight pollution. Many low- and middle-income countries are facing the brunt of the effects, accounting for most of the deaths reported. But experts say pollution doesn’t know borders—and pollution in one country can lead to health consequences on a global scale.
The scientists who led the recent analysis hope the report will encourage political action. Proposed avenues(途径) for change include standardizing monitoring of pollution levels, investing in research, strengthening pollution control partnerships and highlighting this issue in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Changing the use of fossil fuels—from coal, oil and gas—to clean, renewable energy sources are ways the researchers propose society could level improvements. Individually, researchers call for people to limit their carbon footprint, such as limiting meat consumption, avoiding waste, or walking or biking as a means of transport when possible.
1. What do we know about the new estimate?| A．One in six deaths were due to pollution in the U.S. in 2019. |
| B．Pollution played a part in millions of deaths globally in 2019. |
| C．Illness has a higher impact on health than pollution. |
| D．The water pollution has been improved in recent years. |
| A．1 | B．2 | C．3 | D．4 |
| A．Deal with batteries and electronic waste appropriately. |
| B．Treat the heart, kidneys and cognition properly. |
| C．Concentrate on lead highly in blood. |
| D．Play with computers frequently. |
| A．standardizing monitoring of pollution levels and devoting money in research |
| B．strengthening pollution control partnerships and limiting meat consumption |
| C．emphasizing this issue in the United States and running or riding for travel |
| D．using clean, renewable energy sources and limiting carbon footprint |
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Hello, everyone! It is my honor to deliver a speech on keeping air clean. As is know to us, we humans can’t live without air, just as fish can’t live without water. However, the World Health Organization has recently announced a shocked study about the air we breathe. It has found that almost everyone on the earth breathe unhealthy air. The data is rough from 600 cities in 117 countries. The study shows that mostly of the world’s people breathe the air that it breaks WHO air quality limits. As a result, million of people die every scar because pollution - related diseases. Therefore, it was important for us to take action to solve the environment problems and keep the air clean.
