1 . You are welcome to our channel. An interest in the way ocean currents move led Dr. Erik van Sebille to track garbage. This Dutch scientist hopes that by making us aware of how much we litter our oceans, we’ll be motivated to better stash (存放) our garbage.

Question: Where does the garbage in our oceans come from ?
Answer: It can come from litter people leave behind on beaches. Or from things falling off ships. Almost every river’s garbage will end up in the ocean too. Plastic garbage is the biggest problem, though. That’s because it doesn’t easily break down. It can stay in the ocean for thousands of years. Eventually, it arrives at the garbage patches (垃圾带).
Question: Does this mean that ocean garbage is worse than garbage on land ?
Answer: Litter in the ocean is probably just as bad as litter in a forest or a park. The main problem in either place is that, if animals eat plastic pieces, they can become very ill. But we know how to solve the problem: Just stop polluting!
Question: Many persons love tossing a message in a bottle into the ocean. Is that a bad idea ?
Answer: Finding a bottle with a message in it is awesome, very special! But most bottles will never end up on a beach. They’ll turn up in the garbage patches, where it’s unlikely that someone will find them. If you want to play with ocean currents, go to the website and release virtual bottles. That way, you’re   not littering our oceans.
1. Animals can become very ill if they _______________.

A．turn up in the garbage patches.	B．arrive at the garbage patches.
C．eat plastic pieces.	D．play with bottles.

2. It is almost _______________ to toss a message in a bottle into the ocean.

A．educative.

B．useful.

C．interesting.

D．meaningless.

3. This passage belongs to a   _______________.

A．story.

B．poem.

C．scientific article.

D．television interview.

3 . The garment (服装) industry is one of the largest carbon polluters on planet Earth, and one of the greatest producers of waste. Three out of five of the 100 billion garments made in 2018 ended up in landfill within a year. Toxic chemicals land in the environment and worker communities, and the production of cotton uses up vast amounts of water.

The business model of fast fashion has led to an enormous increase in the amounts of clothes that are produced, sold, and thrown. According to McKinsey, clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014, and the average consumer buys 60% more garments each year. At the same time, these clothes are kept only half as long as they were a mere fifteen years ago.

About 100 billion items of clothing are produced each year; that’s nearly 14 items for every human being on the planet. Some of those never even reach the consumers; it caused a minor anger when in 2018 a luxury brand admitted to burning clothes just to protect the brand.

Yet, with clothes being so cheap, people do not wear at least 50 percent of their wardrobes, according to this study. The clothing and footwear industries together account for more than 8 percent of global climate influence, greater than all international airline flights and oceanic shipping trips combined. Water usage for growing cotton has led to huge lack of water, and coloring and treatment of garments make up 17%—20% of all industrial water pollution.

An industry that makes billions on the use of the planet does not suddenly become more sustainable (可持续的) when they start using organic cotton, or start burning their unsold goods (remember—people worked really hard for very little money on those clothes!) as a green fuel…

1. What does the underlined word “Toxic” mean in paragraph 1?

A．Colorful.

B．Enormous.

C．Beneficial.

D．Poisonous.

2. Why do people throw so many clothes away?

A．The new model clothing change too slowly.

B．Some luxury clothes are cheap.

C．There are more new clothes every year.

D．They want to make full use of green fuel.

3. What may garment waste influence least?

A．Fishing.

B．Climate.

C．Transport.

D．Agriculture.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Clothing waste.	B．Sources of pollution.
C．The garment industry.	D．Effects of environmental pollution.

4 . One out of every six deaths in 2019 were the result of pollution, according to a new estimate published in The Lancet Planetary Health.

The analysis, led by an international team of scientists, indicates that pollution played a role in 9 million deaths globally in 2019. This impact on health is higher than malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, drugs or alcohol.

Despite improvements made in water pollution in recent years, a rise in air and chemical pollution means the death rate has been relatively unchanged since 2015. Air pollution alone contributed to an estimated 75% of the reported deaths.

“Air pollution is similar to smoking cigarettes. It damages the lungs, preventing us from absorbing oxygen we need for life,” said Dr. Keith Martin, co-author of the paper.

Another primary concern is the growing numbers in chemical and heavy metal pollution, particularly lead poisoning. High concentrations of lead in the blood can cause problems with the heart, kidneys and cognition. This type of pollution arises from batteries and electronic waste, such as computers. According to the World Health Organization, The Lancet report’s estimates of deaths from lead and chemical pollution are in line with 2019 WHO estimates.

The U.S. and other high-income countries have made some steps to fight pollution. Many low- and middle-income countries are facing the brunt of the effects, accounting for most of the deaths reported. But experts say pollution doesn’t know borders—and pollution in one country can lead to health consequences on a global scale.

The scientists who led the recent analysis hope the report will encourage political action. Proposed avenues(途径) for change include standardizing monitoring of pollution levels, investing in research, strengthening pollution control partnerships and highlighting this issue in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Changing the use of fossil fuels—from coal, oil and gas—to clean, renewable energy sources are ways the researchers propose society could level improvements. Individually, researchers call for people to limit their carbon footprint, such as limiting meat consumption, avoiding waste, or walking or biking as a means of transport when possible.

1. What do we know about the new estimate?

A．One in six deaths were due to pollution in the U.S. in 2019.

B．Pollution played a part in millions of deaths globally in 2019.

C．Illness has a higher impact on health than pollution.

D．The water pollution has been improved in recent years.

2. According to the passage, how many factors mainly contributed to the reported death?

A．1

B．2

C．3

D．4

3. What should you do to avoid lead poisoning?

A．Deal with batteries and electronic waste appropriately.

B．Treat the heart, kidneys and cognition properly.

C．Concentrate on lead highly in blood.

D．Play with computers frequently.

4. The scientists proposed the following ways for change except ________.

A．standardizing monitoring of pollution levels and devoting money in research

B．strengthening pollution control partnerships and limiting meat consumption

C．emphasizing this issue in the United States and running or riding for travel

D．using clean, renewable energy sources and limiting carbon footprint

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The population of the earth is increasing very fast. Humans must make the earth support the increasing population. This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry     1     (develop) rapidly.

Such a rapid development produces more and more waste,     2     goes into water, soil or air. When there     3     (be) too much waste, it will do great harm to the environment and people.

When farmers add fertilizer (肥料)     4     the soil to make plants grow better, or use pesticide (杀虫剂) to kill pests, they will go into the soil or the surrounding air. Even     5     (bad), they may go into the grain (谷物). When     6     (bird), fish or people eat the grain, drink the water or breath the air, harm will be done to their health.

The air in some cities     7     (pollute) because of the pollution from the cars and factories. Millions of tons of poisonous gases are sent into the air with smoke. In some places, little is done to make the smoke clean     8     it goes into the air.

    9     (fortunate), people are beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is. In many countries, laws have been made to prevent factories     10     (send) out poisonous gases. More and more people are taking action to protect the environment.