1.短片内容;
2.观后感受;
3.发出倡议。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 . Microplastics, or tiny plastic particles - have been found in human blood for the first time.
In a paper published in Environment International, researchers in the Netherlands analyzed 22 blood samples from healthy donors and found that 17 or almost 80% contain microplastics.
The team tested for five types of plastics. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), commonly used in disposable water bottles, was the most common plastic type and found in about 50 percent of the donors. The second most common, polystyrene (PS) which is used for food packaging, was found in about 36 percent. Alarmingly, the researchers found up to three different types of plastic in a single blood sample.
Previously, microplastic pollution has been recorded to the summit of Mount Everest, oceans, seafood, water and air. It is the first study to find such tiny particles in human blood. “The particles are transported throughout the body and stay in internal organs,” study author Dick Vethaak, an ecotoxicologist in the Netherlands says to the Guardian.
The health effects of taking in microplastics are currently unclear. Today, the only data available are laboratory studies that show its unfavorable effects on mice or rats when given large quantities of microplastics. As Professor Mark Taylor of Macquarie University in Sydney told The Guardian last year, “nobody really knows.” However, as he stressed., “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.” If we’re to understand the effects, the first step underway at the moment is understanding levels of exposure.
It is estimated that since the 1950s, more than 70 million tons of microplastics have been dumped into the oceans due to industrial manufacturing processes. A WWF report also suggested we’re all unintentionally taking in 125 grams of plastic every 6 months. Despite the small number of donors in the study, pollution expert Fay Couceiro of the University of Portsmouth, who was not involved in the study, tells the AFP that the study was “solid and will stand up to examination.” Now, many countries are taking action to reduce microplastics in the environment.
1. What did scientists find in the study of 22 donors’ blood samples?A.Half the blood samples contained microplastics. |
B.PET was the most common plastic in the samples. |
C.Altogether three types of plastics are detected in samples. |
D.Donors were healthy despite microplastics in their blood. |
A.Microplastics can damage human internal organs. |
B.Microplastics have unfavorable effects on humans. |
C.Multiple types of plastic were found in one sample. |
D.Microplastics have polluted the peak of Mount Everest. |
A.Their effect is too weak to note. |
B.Evidence shows no health impacts. |
C.Lots of more study about them is needed. |
D.Levels of exposure to microplastics matter. |
A.How microplastics get into the food chain. |
B.How widespread microplastics have become. |
C.Distribution of microplastics in the ecosystem. |
D.Effective measures taken to restrict microplastics. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When it come to the ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. World Ocean Day, fall on June 8th, is aimed at raising aware of preserving the ocean.
The ocean plays a key role in our world. Not only does ocean offered us sufficient food, and it maintains the balance of nature. Thus, it is crucial for us preserve the ocean. First of all, place importance in our daily actions. For example, garbage can’t be thrown into the ocean.
What’s the more, we can also hand out booklets to call on more people to preserve the ocean. The more people are involved, the good the ocean environment is.
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to preserving the ocean. To preserve the ocean is to protect ourself.
4 . The causes and effects of plastic pollution are truly everywhere.
Several million tons of rubbish end up in the world’s ocean every year, and much of it is improperly dropped plastic litter.
In the ocean, plastic pollution can kill the ocean animals directly through entanglement (缠住) in objects, and it can also kill them because of being mistaken for food. Studies have found that all kinds of species, both small and large, easily take plastic bits. Sunlight and seawater crack plastic, and the final breakdown of larger objects into microplastic makes plastic available to the small ocean animals. Such small pieces of plastic, which are less than 5 mm in length, make up a sizable part of plastic waste in the ocean by the movement of deep-sea currents (水流), which is creating microplastic “hot spots” in parts of the ocean.
There is also plastic pollution on land. Drainage systems become blocked with plastic bags and other items. Land birds have been found with plastic in their stomachs, and animals that normally feed in dumps—for example, the sacred cows of India—have had intestinal (肠的) blockages from plastic packaging. In addition, wind-transported microplastic has been found in many parts of the world, including the snow on high mountains, on Aretic beaches, sea ice and in Antarctica.
Given the global scale of plastic pollution, using more money on removing plastic items from the environment would not be considered. Most solutions to the problem of plastic pollution, therefore, focus on preventing improper disposal (处理) or even on limiting the use of certain plastic items in the first place. Fines for littering have proved difficult to be carried out, but various fees on plastic shopping bags are common, as is exchanging for new things by taking bottles to recycling centers. Awareness of the serious results of plastic pollution is increasing, and new solutions, including the increasing use of biodegradable plastics and a “zero waste” idea, are being accepted by governments and the public.
1. What do the underlined words “hot spots” in paragraph 3 mean?A.Popular materials. | B.Rising temperatures. |
C.Strange objects. | D.Heavily-polluted places. |
A.The harm of plastic pollution to animals. |
B.The way to deal with plastic pollution. |
C.The process of microplastic being formed. |
D.The effect of wind on the spread of plastic pollution. |
A.They advise a fine on littering. |
B.They give up using plastic items. |
C.They take action with a “zero waste” idea. |
D.They agree to increase the cost of removing plastic items. |
A.Plastic Pollution to the Ocean |
B.Environmental Protection on the Way |
C.Plastic Pollution in the Ocean and on Land |
D.Tasks on Keeping Plastic Pollution Away From Land |
Environmentalists are getting more
Breathing dirty air causes the premature death of at least 1,200 children across Europe each year. Actually, many thousands more
Children are more exposed to dirty air than adults because they have a
Reducing the
7 . A new study suggests classic paintings by well-known Impressionists Joseph Turner and Claude Monet may have been influenced by air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by authors from Harvard and Sorbonne universities, analyzed 60 oil paintings by Turner from 1796 to 1850 and 38 paintings by Monet from 1864 to 1901.
Scientists don’t know exactly how polluted the cities were during that time for lack of data. However, researchers say examining the works of Turner and Monet can give a picture of long-term environmental change with the air pollution.
In particular, researchers said changes in local sulfur dioxide emissions from burning coal may explain changes in the colour contrast and intensity of Tuner, Monet, and others’ works, even after taking into account the artistic trends and subject matter of the time.
Scientists successfully measured painters’ representation of nature, focusing on differences in local weather patterns which influenced colour in works painted in different parts of Europe. Paintings’ done in Britain generally feature a paler blue sky than other works in other parts of the continent. Generally, artists can historically accurately represent their environment, so Turner and Monet were chosen because they are famous for their landscape and cityscape paintings and also because they were active during the Industrial Revolution, when air pollution grew at a rate never seen before.
Additionally, researchers say that as the air in London and Paris became more polluted, the cities would appear hazier to the eyes as well as in photographs. By comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet to pictures from the era, they were able to determine the artists were at least partly influenced by the change in emissions.
1. What did the researchers find in the works of Turner and Monet?A.Change in subject matter. | B.Air pollution at that time. |
C.Social trends of the period. | D.Development of photography. |
A.referring to relevant historical records |
B.comparing the paintings of Turner and Monet |
C.relating the paintings to the air conditions then |
D.analyzing the data during the Industrial Revolution |
A.European artists preferred landscape paintings. |
B.Scientists focused on studying weather patterns. |
C.Turner and Monet intended to present pollution. |
D.Britain suffered from air pollution most in Europe. |
A.To inform people of a new discovery. |
B.To instruct people to appreciate paintings. |
C.To introduce the Industrial Revolution. |
D.To call on people to protect the environment. |
When
In the 1990s, garbage from nearby city was usually brought to the village. “How can we make use of this?” The villagers wondered. Soon they found that garbage could be used
The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation. So
9 . A strong sense of smell is a key component of a healthy and enjoyable life. Yet our sense of smell is in decline as a result of an unnoticed threat to our health: air pollution.
Scientists are finding that anosmia, a loss of the sense of smell, is becoming a widespread problem among people of all ages exposed to PM2. 5 pollutants constantly, which are tiny particles (微粒) that can enter our bodies with every breath we take.
The reason, they suggest, is that the olfactory bulbs (嗅球), which are located in our noses and packed with nerve endings, are affected by exposure to air pollution. The tiny particles cause illness either in the bulbs themselves or in the brain, impacting our sense of smell over time, “Our data show the risk of developing anosmia with constant particulate pollution is 1.6 to 1.7 times higher,” says Ramanathan, a doctor at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, America.
Ramanathan is an author of a recent study of nearly 2,700 patients, a fifth of whom had anosmia despite many of them being non- smokers.’ When he and his colleagues looked into the backgrounds of the affected patients, they found most of them lived in neighborhoods with significantly higher levels of air pollution.
The findings prove other studies with similar findings. One of these studies, conducted in a town in Italy, found that more than 200 teenagers and young adults between the ages of 15 and 25 suffered olfactory damage as a result of exposure to NO2, a common component in traf-fic emissions. “This is alarming as olfactory loss affects patient safety, well-being, and it is a predictor of poor health,” says Ramanathan.
Yet the loss of a sense of smell is a condition that is often overlooked though it can bring about numerous health problems. A sense of smell is linked to memory as well and life is a lot less fun without it. “People don’t remember what the pastry that they ate in childhood looked like, but they remember what the shop smelled like,” says Ramanathan.
1. How air pollution negatively influences our sense of smell!?A.It blocks the inside transport of information. |
B.It prevents the nerve system functioning normally. |
C.It leads to the brain requiring more time to respond. |
D.It results in diseases in the olfactory bulbs or the brain, |
A.Air pollution can rob us of our sense of smell. |
B.Smokers are more likely to suffer from anosmia. |
C.Traffic emissions contribute a lot to air pollution. |
D.Exposure to PM2.5 pollutants occasionally is harmless. |
A.Confusing and astonishing. | B.Complicated but treatable. |
C.Critical and concerning. | D.Disturbing but temporary. |
A.A travel brochure. | B.A science website. |
C.A biology textbook. | D.An art magazine. |
10 . Hundreds of years ago, life was harder than it is today. People didn't have modern machines.
Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution to all living things in the world.
Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.
Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn't let dirty smoke go into the air.
We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.
Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight against pollution.
1. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because_________A.there were many problems | B.there were too many people |
C.there were wars now and then | D.there were no modern machines. |
A.noise pollution | B.water pollution | C.air pollution | D.waste things |
A.The air. | B.The city. | C.The quilt. | D.The smog. |
A.clean water after it is thrown away | B.throw waste things in the dustbin |
C.let dirty smoke go into the air | D.encourage more people to drive to work |