As the saying goes, “time waits for no man”. Time is always against us, and we just can’t stop it. Maybe that’s why some of us are always running late for appointments. But if timekeeping is not what you’re good at, don’t stress. There might be a good reason for your lack of punctuality.
People’s attitudes to being on time vary. Some clock-watch and make sure they’re bang on time for a meeting. It is, after all, rude to be late, and if you can make it on time, why can’t everyone else? But if, like me, you want to make every second count, you might try to squeeze as much as you can into the time you have available. However, when your schedule doesn’t run to plan, your punctuality inevitably slips.
People who lack promptness have been described as “time benders”. Author Grace Pacie told the BBC that “they’re the people who don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early, and they don’t allow enough time.” They assume their journey to an appointment will always go smoothly, and the train will always be on time!
Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negative — even if sometimes wrong. Experts say: Being consistently late might not be your fault. It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking. It is also possible people are late so not to be conspicuous and to avoid the anxious wait for others to turn up.
Maybe we latecomers should make more of an effort and follow the advice I heard to not “try” to be on time but “decide” to be on time.
1. What does “time benders” refer to?2. What are the personality characteristics of time benders?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Grace Pacie, time benders don’t care about being late so they don’t allow enough time.
4. What do you usually do to be on time? (In about 40 words)
Humankind’s growing need for food is running up against thousands of other species’ need for space. By 2050, humans may need to clear an additional 3.35 million square
3 . A new study by scientists at Utrecht University concludes that about half of global wastewater is treated, rather than the previous estimate of 20%. Despite this promising finding, the authors warn that treatment rates in developing countries are still very low.
Humans and factories produce vast quantities of wastewater per day. If not properly collected and treated, wastewater may severely threaten human health and pollute the environment.
The authors use national statistics to estimate volumes of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse. “Globally, about 359 billion cubic metres of wastewater is produced each year, equivalent to 144 million Olympic-sized swimming pools,” says Edward Jones, PhD researcher at Utrecht University. “About 48 percent of that water is currently released untreated. This is much lower than the frequently announced figure of 80%.”
While the results show a more optimistic outlook, the authors stress that many challenges still exist. “We see that particularly in the developing world, where most of the future population growth will likely occur, treatment rates are falling behind,” Jones explains. “In these countries, wastewater production is likely to rise at a faster pace than the current development of collection and treatment basic facilities. This poses serious threats to both human health and the environment.”
The main problem, especially in the developing world, is the lack of financial resources to build basic facilities to collect and treat wastewater. This is particularly the case for advanced treatment technologies, which can be extremely expensive. However, the authors highlight potential opportunities for creative reuse of wastewater streams that could help to finance improved wastewater treatment practices.
“The most obvious reuse of treated wastewater is to increase freshwater water supplies,” Jones states. Treated wastewater reuse is already an important source of irrigation water in many dry countries. However, only 11% of the wastewater produced globally is currently being reused, which shows large opportunities for expansion.
“But freshwater increasing is not the only opportunity,” says Jones. “Wastewater also has large potential as a source of nutrients and energy. Recognition of wastewater as a resource, opposed to as ‘waste’, will be the key to driving improved treatment going forward.”
However, the authors stress the importance of proper monitoring of wastewater treatment factories, accompanied by strong legislation (法律) and regulations, to ensure that the reuse of wastewater is safe. The authors also acknowledge public acceptance as another key barrier towards increasing wastewater reuse.
1. According to the author, the meaning of treating wastewater lies in ________.A.encouraging new scientific findings |
B.estimating volumes of wastewater production |
C.ensuring human health and protecting the environment |
D.measuring how much wastewater is produced globally per day |
A.equal | B.harmful | C.useful | D.friendly |
A.treated wastewater can’t be used as irrigation water |
B.wastewater production in developing countries is falling |
C.the treatment of wastewater is more serious than estimated |
D.public recognition plays an important role in wastewater reuse |
4 . How to Deal with FOMO in Your Life
FOMO, or “fear of missing out,” is becoming increasingly common and can cause significant stress in your life. It applies to anything from a party to a promotion at work and affects just about anyone. It always involves a sense of helplessness that you are missing out on something big.
With social media becoming popular, FOMO has become more obvious. As more research on FOMO is conducted, we are getting a clearer picture of how it affects us.
Moreover, one study found that the fear of missing out was linked to a greater smartphone and social media usage.
Rather than trying to connect more with people on social media, why not arrange to meet up with someone in person? Making plans with a good friend, or doing anything social that gets you out with friends can be a nice change of pace.
A.It can help you to shake that feeling that you are missing out. |
B.The idea that you might be missing out on a good time is not new. |
C.Rather than focusing on what you lack, try noticing what you have. |
D.The picture is not pretty, as there are many negative effects of FOMO. |
E.Smartphone usage was related to fears of negative evaluations by others. |
F.Smartphone and social media have made the FOMO phenomenon worse. |
G.Understanding where the problem lies can be a great first step in overcoming it. |
The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise. However, its role in learning
6 . My son just turned 14 and does not have a smartphone. When he graduated from Grade 8, he was the only kid in his class without one. He asks for a phone now that he’s going to high school. I say no, he asks why, I explain(yet again), and he pushes back.
“You can choose to do things differently when you’re a parent,” I told him. But sometimes, I wonder if I’m being too stubborn or unfair.
The more I research, the more confident I feel in my decision. Many studies link the current mental health crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize, namely, the shift from in-person to online interaction.
But other parents challenge my perspective. “He must feel so left out!” Then there are the parents who tell me with profound sadness that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phone ownership longer than they did. They urge me to hold out.
If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8 hours 39 minutes per day on their devices, as stated in a 2021 survey conducted by the non-profit research organization Common Sense Media, then what are they not doing? Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out on real life, and that strikes me as really sad.
I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I want it to be full of adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself—and emerge stronger—without asking for me at the push of a button.
The easiest and simplest way to achieve these goals is to delay giving him a smartphone.
Some think my son is missing out or falling behind, but he is not. He does well in school and extracurricular activities, hangs out with his friends in person, and moves independently around our small town. He swears (发誓) he’ll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend’s iPad.
If that is his version of admitting I’m right, I’ll take it.
1. What is the author’s primary concern regarding giving her son a smartphone?A.Her son’s social life. | B.Her son’s well-being. |
C.Her son’s time management. | D.Her son’s academic performance. |
A.Her doubts about the reliability of a teenage survey. |
B.The rise of smartphone addiction among teenagers. |
C.The potential negative effects of excessive phone usage. |
D.The factors contributing to teenage smartphone addiction. |
A.Team spirit | B.Leadership |
C.Self-reliance | D.Critical thinking |
A.He is struggling academically. |
B.He no longer desires a smartphone. |
C.He is easily influenced by his friends. |
D.He has realized the drawbacks of excessive screen time. |
7 . There is a photo in my collection that I pull out from time to time to remind myself of an old vacation. It’s a picture of me from the late 1970s on a bench in London’s Victoria Station, my head resting against a wall, eyes closed with tiredness, clothes messed up.
I used to love that shot. It was evidence of my leisure time, of travel, of interruption from the office: miles covered, sights seen, train stations raced through, goals achieved.
However, as I leave work to hit the vacation trail this summer, I take along something extra. This traveling companion has a habit of ruining trips with feelings of guilt—the guilt that comes from attempting to vacation while thinking of the job.
The conflict between the time we want off and the guilt we feel when we actually give in to leisure is a long-running battle that has gone too far, driven by an over-scheduling craze. It has made many feel as if their free moments are a form of truancy (玩忽职守).
It’s hard to take it easy when you’ve been programmed not to. We have been taught for generations that work is the only goal.
Time that is unfilled is evil, we are led to believe, and unplanned enjoyment should be avoided. This is reinforced today by a workplace culture that wants you to believe that advancement depends on your staying on the job.
Research now shows, however, that leisure time can do something job advancement and money can’t. Leisure activities increase your desire to work leadership skills, your sense of awareness and your ability to change. Free time also promotes a positive mood and sense of well-being, because it develops self-worth. Deep down, everyone knows we need time off to make our lives better.
On holiday, using your productive output as a measure of yourself doesn’t work. This is because a vacation isn’t about output; it’s about input — exploring, learning, reflecting. The magic of a holiday is in the experience itself. This is the same as life satisfaction; it can’t be measured, only felt.
The best part of a vacation isn’t going somewhere else; it’s being where you are, fully involved in the experience.
1. The author mentions the photo at the beginning because ____.A.it shows how exhausting leisure travel can be |
B.it brings back good memories of a leisurely tour |
C.it shows the writer once considered leisure travel as a goal in itself |
D.it proves interruptions from the office do not spoil the enjoyment of travel |
A.Enjoying leisure time. |
B.Thinking of one’s goals. |
C.Interruptions from the office. |
D.The feeling of guilt for not working. |
A.It improves your productivity. |
B.It is good for personal development. |
C.It leads directly to job advancement. |
D.It helps you see your goals in life more clearly. |
A.Avoid much unplanned enjoyment. |
B.Ignore job advancement and money. |
C.Judge the vacation by productive output. |
D.Enjoy the experience of being on vacation. |
8 . As I read about Sarah Loh’s journey to becoming the first female chief executive of the Australian Football League (AFL) last week, I was encouraged by the resilience (坚韧) she showed to become a leader in her sport, but also disappointed at the unfair treatment she faced to get there.
Loh had to deal with many of the same questions women in sports often face, such as: “How can a woman coach or lead when she has never played sports?” But as an Asian woman, Loh also faced questions with an added layer of racism: “What would a multicultural woman know about football?”
A recent Victoria University survey of 221 diverse women made up of current and former coaches, managers and board members found that half of the respondents were unhappy with their leadership roles and that many aspiring leaders believed their gender and background were barriers.
Women from different backgrounds, races, religions, classes and sexual orientations can sometimes experience multiple layers of injustice depending on the context. In order to address these inequalities, there are practical steps sporting organizations can take to create welcoming and inclusive environments for women in sports at every level.
In recent years, national sporting organizations across Australia have shown an increasing commitment to and engagement in the promotion of gender equality and respect to prevent violence against all women. Recognizing their own profile and influence, they have taken active steps to address the drivers of violence and inequality, including through education and awareness-raising programs such as Carlton Respects.
Sports have an influence way beyond the field, court or green on which they’re played, and they provide an opportunity to set and maintain positive community standards.
While resilience is a great strength to possess as a leader, women of color, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women or those from refugee and migrant backgrounds shouldn’t be required to wear such a thick set of armor (防御) to simply work in sports. Surely respect, equality and safety for all is not too much to ask for.
1. What can we learn about Sarah Loh from the text?A.She faced unfair treatment as a player in the AFL. |
B.She is the first Chinese chief executive in the AFL. |
C.Her sports achievements made her a leader in the AFL. |
D.Her road to success was hard due to her gender and race. |
A.Strengthening females resilience by training. |
B.Establishing more female sporting organizations. |
C.Raising public awareness of violence against women. |
D.Offering more opportunities for women to take sports. |
A.recognize the value of female leaders |
B.call for equality and respect for females |
C.encourage more females to take sports |
D.present the difficulties female leaders face |
9 . With the development of technology, “paperless” seems to be the new trend. Instead of writing by hand, people began to use computers to type in order to produce text quickly. Some people said word processing made producing and editing text much easier. Will handwriting be completely replaced by typing?
A 2017 study in the journal Frontiers in Psychology found that regions of the brain associated with learning were more active when subjects completed a task by hand instead of on a keyboard. Not only that, but the study’s authors also found that writing by hand could promote “deep encoding or processing” in a way that typing does not.
In fact, there have been many such studies to arrive at that conclusion. One notable example from 2014 compared students who took notes by hand with those who took notes on laptops. They found that the students using laptops tended to write down what the professor said word for word, while those who took notes by hand were more likely to listen to what was being said, analyzing it for important content and “processing information and reframing it in their own words.” When asked conceptual questions about the lecture, students who had taken notes by hand were better able to answer than those who had typed their notes.
Daniel Oppenheimer, one of the study’s co-authors, told Medium’s Elemental that in order to analyze the lecture, people had to contemplate the material and actually understand the arguments. This helped them learn the material better. The most annoying thing about writing by hand is also what makes it so effective for learning.
Virginia Berninger, a professor at the University of Washington, says, “When we write a letter of the alphabet, the process of production involves pathways in the brain that go near or through parts that manage emotion.” Pressing a key doesn’t stimulate those pathways the same way. She says, “It’s possible that there’s not the same connection to the emotional part of the brain when people type, as opposed to writing in longhand.” “In the same vein, writing in longhand also allows people to really figure out what they mean to say,” Oppenheimer says, “which may help self-expression.”
Our keyboards are great for a lot of things. But sometimes, there’s no replacing the feeling of spreading out a clean sheet of paper, uncapping a beloved pen, and letting the ink flow.
1. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.A.predict the ending | B.introduce the topic |
C.emphasize an opinion | D.draw a conclusion |
A.People who write by hand tend to think deeply. |
B.People who write by hand are likely to make comparisons. |
C.People who write by hand slow down their learning process. |
D.People who write by hand find it difficult to improve their memory. |
A.accurate | B.unimportant | C.annoying | D.beneficial |
In most countries,