Have you ever photographed a juicy steak when you eat in restaurants? You may either want to share what you eat with your friends
In many restaurants, diners complain of
There is no definite result in the debate on
2 . Heaven is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians."
Obviously the national stereotypes in this old joke are generalizations(普遍化), but such stereotypes are often said to "exist for a reason". Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says.
"National and cultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people see themselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing," said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. "These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They don't come from looking around you," McCrae said.
If national stereotypes aren't rooted in real experiences, then where do they come from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may become known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the Old West.
Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.
We may be "hard-wired", to some degree, to keep incorrect stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather than typical national or cultural groups.
1. The stereotype about Italians is________.| A．strict but thoughtful | B．friendly and good-tempered |
| C．dreamy and impractical | D．romantic but disorganized |
| A．they are formed by individual historians |
| B．what was true in the past may not be true at the present |
| C．generalizations are made through personal experience |
| D．people tend to have false idea about other cultures |
| A．interesting | B．harmful | C．humorous | D．unreliable |
| A．forgetful | B．changeable | C．fixed | D．helpless |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Once, an old man got on a bus but all the seats were occupied. There were other passenger nearby. A rich lady next by the old man was holding her pet dog in her arms. Opposite him, a young man which was dressed well seem to be very busy chatting with a young lady, complete ignoring the old man standing by. See this, a little boy stood up and gave his seat to the old man. Comparing with those people, the little boy should praised. Everyone should show respect to the old. Grown-ups should set good examples to children. Otherwise, children might be affecting. In the time, we may lose the good tradition.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last Friday, I was standing near a subway exit, tried to call a taxi. But no luck. Then I thought of the taxi-booking app my friend had recommended and I booked a taxi through his cellphone. Soon it came, and I stepped in, feeling pretty proudly of my high-tech way and satisfied with the convenience brought by the app. So later, I was upset to find that the driver was busy looking his cellphone to get the next order. It was just then when I began to worry about my safety. What’s bad, the driver’s informations might be unreliable. How can we passengers’ legal rights be protecting if something bad happens? So be careful when you use the taxi-booking app the next time.
5 . Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions.
Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes? It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person’s conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing.” Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, “You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let’s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
1. The first paragraph is mainly about _______.| A．the cause of shyness | B．the feeling of shy people |
| C．the effect of shyness on people | D．the question in the minds of shy people |
| A．armful to people | B．a healthy quality |
| C．the cause of unhappiness | D．a weak point of shy people |
| A．They are pleased by it. | B．They feel they are worthy of it. |
| C．They are very sensitive to it. | D．They feel it is not true. |
| A．be overcome with determination |
| B．help us to live up to our full development |
| C．enable us to understand ourselves better |
| D．have nothing to do with lack of self- respect |
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Recently, as the development of the Internet, there is a kind of language calling the Web Language. The other day our class had a discussion about if we should welcome the Web Language.
Forty percent of the students think it ridiculous. They argue that it does no good to help people communicate, nor is it useful for learning languages. What’s more, it’ll make Chinese more standard and pure, finally ruining our mother tongue. However, 69% of our class is fond of it. They think it is simple, convenient and helpful in expressing them. Beside, it may make the language more interesting.
Personally, it’s not good habit to use the Web Language. It may be popular, but you may also make yourself be misunderstood.
7 . NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce ,or possibly erase(抹去),the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.
Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
"Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特质). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
1. The passage is mainly about ___________.
| A．a new medical invention |
| B．a new research on the pill |
| C．a way of erasing painful memories |
| D．an argument about the research on the pill |
| A．cause the brain to fix memories |
| B．stop people remembering bad experiences |
| C．prevent body producing certain chemicals |
| D．Wipe out the emotional effects of memories |
| A．people doubt the effects of the pills |
| B．the pill will stop people's bad experiences |
| C．taking the pill will do harm to people's health |
| D．the pill has probably been produced in America |
| A．Some memories can ruin people's lives. |
| B．People want to get rid of bad memories. |
| C．Experiencing bad events makes us different from others. |
| D．The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories. |
