1 . America’s youth is turning its back on tobacco. According to a study recently published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking among US high school students is at an all-time low. One in 5 US high school students in 2016 reported using a tobacco product within the past 30 days, an improvement from 1 in 4 students just one year before.
“These findings show the importance of continuing to implement the evidence-based strategies that we now work to reduce all forms of tobacco product use, including e-cigarettes, among our nation’s youth,” says Brian King, of the CDC’s Office on Smoking and Health and senior author of the study.
And it’s not just tobacco: Drug use among US teens is down across the board. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has published annual reports on US teens’ drug use since 1996, and the 2016 survey shows the lowest rates of illegal drug and alcohol use. Marijuana (大麻) use remained “mostly steady”. “It is encouraging to see more young people making healthy choices not to use illegal substances,” says former National Drug Control Policy Director Michael Botticelli.
All individual forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smoke-less tobacco saw declines in usage in 2016. Experts are especially encouraged by the decline in cigarettes, the most popular tobacco product among teens. In 2016, 11.3 percent of high school students reported using e-cigarettes, down from 16 percent in 2015.
Dr. King says adaptation is key to the decline of e-cigarettes. “We have over a half-century of science telling students about the harmful effects of tobacco use and what works best to prevent it,” says King. “E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among our nation’s youth, and it’s critical that our proven strategies are modernized to keep pace with the changing tobacco product landscape.”
1. What does the underlined word “implement” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Delay. | B.Perform. | C.Schedule. | D.Control. |
A.US teens’ drug use has decreased. |
B.There are many forms of tobacco. |
C.E-cigarettes are popular among US teens. |
D.The strategies are put forward by experts. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Suspicious. | C.Favorable. | D.Ambiguous. |
A.US teen tobacco use declines. | B.High percent of teen tobacco use. |
C.The harmful effects of tobacco use. | D.The strategies to reduce tabasco use. |
2 . In China, if you are not married by the time you are 30, you are in for trouble: social blame and pressure from family and friends can get you down. And if you are a woman, it’s even worse.
Many young people get married simply to get other people off their backs (免受别人的指责) . This is a serious compromise (妥协). One ends up not marrying the ideal partner.
There are, however, a few young people who refuse to compromise: if they can’t find a good marriage partner, they say, they would rather not marry at all.
34-year-old Kate is a university lecturer in English. She said she would not describe herself as celibatarian (独身主义者) but simply a woman who hasn’t come across the right man yet. She has sharp comments for the way in which the old generation looks at marriage.
“Many people think marriage is a duty--to your parents, family and society. Nobody cares if your marriage is happy or not, she said, I think this is very wrong and I intend to live and act according to my own will.”
Happily for her, her parents are open-minded and not put pressure on her. But the same does not apply to her friends. They are constantly trying to get her together with some young man or another. She always refuses politely.
1. The main idea of this passage is that _______ .A.marriage is a duty to society |
B.people should get married before 30 years old |
C.women should get married earlier than men |
D.late marriage should be respected |
A.she doesn’t think he is the right man she wants |
B.he is either too old or too young |
C.he is either important or little learned |
D.he doesn’t have good manners |
A.In China, one may face social blame and family pressure if one hasn’t got married by the age of 30. |
B.Miss Kate won’t compromise if she can’t have her ideal marriage. |
C.Miss Kate’s parents are always worried about her marriage. |
D.Miss Kate wants to many a worthy young man. |
A.nobody will pay attention to whether you are happy or not in your family life |
B.everybody will be happy and satisfied |
C.you can easily find an ideal partner |
D.young people will have nothing to worry about in marriage |
A recent survey has found that many people suffer from sleep problems. Some are
So, if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep, it might be time
4 . A new study by scientists at Utrecht University concludes that about half of global wastewater is treated, rather than the previous estimate of 20%. Despite this promising finding, the authors warn that treatment rates in developing countries are still very low.
Humans and factories produce vast quantities of wastewater per day. If not properly collected and treated, wastewater may severely threaten human health and pollute the environment.
The authors use national statistics to estimate volumes of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse. “Globally, about 359 billion cubic metres of wastewater is produced each year, equivalent to 144 million Olympic-sized swimming pools,” says Edward Jones, PhD researcher at Utrecht University. “About 48 percent of that water is currently released untreated. This is much lower than the frequently announced figure of 80%.”
While the results show a more optimistic outlook, the authors stress that many challenges still exist. “We see that particularly in the developing world, where most of the future population growth will likely occur, treatment rates are falling behind,” Jones explains. “In these countries, wastewater production is likely to rise at a faster pace than the current development of collection and treatment basic facilities. This poses serious threats to both human health and the environment.”
The main problem, especially in the developing world, is the lack of financial resources to build basic facilities to collect and treat wastewater. This is particularly the case for advanced treatment technologies, which can be extremely expensive. However, the authors highlight potential opportunities for creative reuse of wastewater streams that could help to finance improved wastewater treatment practices.
“The most obvious reuse of treated wastewater is to increase freshwater water supplies,” Jones states. Treated wastewater reuse is already an important source of irrigation water in many dry countries. However, only 11% of the wastewater produced globally is currently being reused, which shows large opportunities for expansion.
“But freshwater increasing is not the only opportunity,” says Jones. “Wastewater also has large potential as a source of nutrients and energy. Recognition of wastewater as a resource, opposed to as ‘waste’, will be the key to driving improved treatment going forward.”
However, the authors stress the importance of proper monitoring of wastewater treatment factories, accompanied by strong legislation (法律) and regulations, to ensure that the reuse of wastewater is safe. The authors also acknowledge public acceptance as another key barrier towards increasing wastewater reuse.
1. According to the author, the meaning of treating wastewater lies in ________.A.encouraging new scientific findings |
B.estimating volumes of wastewater production |
C.ensuring human health and protecting the environment |
D.measuring how much wastewater is produced globally per day |
A.equal | B.harmful | C.useful | D.friendly |
A.treated wastewater can’t be used as irrigation water |
B.wastewater production in developing countries is falling |
C.the treatment of wastewater is more serious than estimated |
D.public recognition plays an important role in wastewater reuse |
5 . Today, an increasing number of people are always looking at their mobile phones with their heads down. These people are called the “Heads-down Tribe (低头族)”. Are you a heads-down tribe member? Heads-down tribe members now can be seen everywhere.
Using mobile phones may cause accidents and even cost a lot of money. Also, more and more interesting and strange facts happen to the “Heads-down Tribe”. Let’s have a look at an interesting TV report. A man in America kept using his mobile phone on his way home. As a result, he knocked into a big lost bear on the street. When he lifted his eyes from the phone, he was so scared that he turned around and ran away quickly as possible. Another fact is that we can often see people in the restaurant eating face to face but looking at their own mobile phones. It’s strange that they don’t talk to the ones who sit opposite to them during the meal. Some of them even have fun communicating with others on the phone.
Mobile phones are helpful and necessary tools for modern life. Are mobile phones good or bad? It depends on how people use them. Let’s be “healthy” users and try to be the “Heads-up Tribe”.
1. A mobile phone good or bad? It depends on_____ .A.how people use them |
B.how people look at them |
C.how people watch them |
D.how people make them |
A.In the desert. | B.At a zoo | C.On the street | D.At a park |
A.Heads-down Tribe members now can be seen everywhere. |
B.Using mobile phones may cause accidents and even cost a lot of money. |
C.Mobile phones are helpless tools for modern life. |
D.We can often see people in the restaurant eating face to face but looking at their own mobile phones |
A.They are cool children. |
B.They are dangerous drivers. |
C.They are good at using the Internet. |
D.They are always looking at their mobile phones. |
A.Drive your car carefully |
B.Use mobile phones properly |
C.Be a heads-down tribe member |
D.Throw away your mobile phones |
6 . Our local Community Youth Club is a very popular organization with young people in my town. I have been a member for four years now and I’ve taken part in a lot of interesting projects. These include fun activities such as holiday camps and discos. We have organized sports competitions and we even made a video.
But it isn’t all just enjoyment, we have also started doing social work to help people in our neighbourhood. We have organized activities for small children during the holidays. We have also formed a social support group to help young people stop smoking.
We are particularly proud of the most recent group we have created. It organizes regular visits to the local old people’s home. This idea came from a school visit to an old people’s home. My class spent an afternoon at a home and everyone found the visit very rewarding.
The old people at the home were very excited by our visit. They were very talkative and they told us their personal stories. During our visit, the home was filled with the sound of laughter. We sang songs and played games with the old people and had tea together. But we realized that life wasn’t always easy. Some of them were in poor health and were very unhappy. They couldn’t go outside and the visits by children brought some sunshine into their lives.
Many young people like me do not live with our grandparents and we have very little contact with elderly people. As a result, many young people don’t know what they are like and we have a lot of wrong ideas about them. We have little or no idea of the kind of lives they lead in their homes. After this visit, my friends and I decided we should do something to help improve the quality of their lives.
Since the creation of our visiting group, over twenty volunteers have joined us. Up to now, we have organized three group evenings and a concert.But it is the individual (单独的) visits which are the most important. Club members regularly visit old people and everyone finds the experience rich and rewarding.
1. As for Community Youth Club’s future, the author’s attitude to it is ________.A.positive | B.negative |
C.neutral | D.indifferent |
A.works at an old people’s home |
B.lives with her grandparents |
C.lives in an old people’s home |
D.regularly visits old people |
A.only organizes fun activities for young people |
B.has made a video about life in an old people’s home |
C.has arranged a school visit to the local old people’s home |
D.mainly does social work |
A.are not interested in how old people live |
B.do not want to get to know old people |
C.have very little contact with old people |
D.live with their grandparents |
7 . According to the World Food Program, one third of the food of the world is lost or wasted. It’s up to some 1.3 billion tons every year, worth about $1 trillion. Moreover, a report in 2021 Sugests that 8 to10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions (排放) are associated with wasting food.
“For our parents and the older generations,‘clearing your plate’ is more about saving some food for a rainy day.”Liu Jichen, founder and CEO of Clear Plate, an anti-food wasting program, told us.
The idea for Clear Plate came to Liu after one dinner at a restaurant in late 2017. The customers who finished all the food they’d ordered would be given a card, and then they could exchange their cards for rewards. “Yet it was limited to one restaurant’s actions, so I thought, why not try it on a larger scale (规模)? And how?” Liu wondered. And then he teamed up with some of his friends,founded a startup and developed the Clear Plate applet.
“The Clear Plate team is trying to deal with the issue (问题) of food waste. After a meal, users of WeChat take photos of their clean plates, post these on WeChat, collect points, and then exchange their points for gifts or charity donations,” Liu explained.
Starting in 2018, Clear Plate has now more than 4.3 million users with about 45 million participations in anti-food wasting actions, reducing food waste by 1,700 tons and carbon emissions by 6,600 tons. Liu’s determination represents a small change of the Chinese lifestyle and more people are turning toward a healthier, greener and more low-carbon lifestyle.
1. How much food of the world is wasted every year according to the World Food Program?A.About 1 billion tons. | B.About 1.3 billion tons. |
C.About 8 billion tons. | D.About 10 billion tons. |
A.A plate. | B.A point. | C.A photo. | D.A card. |
A.In 2016. | B.In 2017. | C.In 2018. | D.In 2021. |
A.The program Clear Plate. |
B.The World Food Program. |
C.The world food wasting. |
D.An introduction to WeChat. |
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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Publicsquare dancing is now very popular with the elderly people in China. In fact, many Chinese ladies, mostly women in their fifties or sixties,
Square dancing is no doubt
10 . Online eating shows, or Mukbang, were originated in South Korea and have gained popularity globally. Many hosts of such shows become popular for their ability to eat large amounts of food. However, these shows have also received criticism for their waste of food. While some hosts actually do consume the amount of food shown, others may be faking it. On Aug 12, CCTV exposed several Chinese hosts who were eating large amounts of food while on camera, but actually later threw it away.
To discourage this practice, many video and live streaming platforms, including Douyin, Kuaishou and Bilibili, have removed videos that show food waste, and have promoted messages to “avoid food waste and eat reasonably”.
In June 2020, the United Nations warned that the world is on the verge of the worst food crisis in 50 years. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, about a third of the world’s food—1.3 billion tons—is wasted every year. In China alone, 50 million tons of food ends up in landfills every year, according to Beijing News.
Recently, campaigns against food waste have been further promoted. In August, President Xi Jinping stressed the need for safeguarding food security and avoiding food waste.
According to China Daily, restaurants and catering associations in more than 18 provinces and all 4 municipal cities have issued guidelines to control food waste.
In Shaanxi province, local restaurants have been asked to serve half portions to avoid waste. The Wuhan Catering Association proposed that restaurants adopt the “N-1 mode”. For example, a group of 10 diners should only order enough for nine people at first. More food is only brought to the table if required.
In addition, a nationwide “Clear Your Plate” campaign has been launched online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals.
1. Which of the following best explains the word “faking” underlined in paragraph 1?A.Criticizing. | B.Pretending. |
C.Hating. | D.Copying. |
A.Because hosts of these shows become too popular. |
B.Because CCTV asks them to get rid of the shows of wasting food. |
C.Because they don’t want to inspire the practice of wasting food. |
D.Because the world is on the verge of the worst food crisis in 50 years. |
A.Guidelines to control food waste have been issued all over the country. |
B.It’s been required that restaurants in Shaanxi give a smaller portion of food. |
C.In Wuhan, all the restaurants have adopted the “N-1 mode”. |
D.A nationwide “Clear Your Plate” campaign has been launched by the government. |
A.Online eating shows. | B.Campaigns against waste. |
C.Stopping food waste. | D.Clear your plate. |