1 . Coffee shops are banning laptops in a bid to stop freelance (自由职业的) workers from coming inside and taking up their tables.
Small businesses which used to offer free Wi-Fi in a bi d to attract customers into their shops are now changing the trend in a bid to improve service and social interaction. Many owners have complained that laptop and table t users are camping out on tables for hours on end without spending much money in store.
One such business, Society Cafe in Bath, made headlines last month and it put up posters asking people using their free Wi-Fi for work to be “considerate”. The store’s approach was widely praised on social media, with one user describing the request as “polite and to the point” and another calling it “more than reasonable”.
Dough Lover in Brighton has adopted a similar stance (立场), with a sign on the door declaring “This is laptop-free zone”. Its owner Ronke Arogundade told The Guardian that the approach was about “recovering the art of hospitality”. She added, “Without laptops, people have a natural time cycle — they drink their coffee, have some food, chat and leave. But when you open a computer you move beyond that natural cycle and lose touch with the environment around you. One woman got very angry, but another person was absolutely excited and asked me all about why we’re doing this.
Small Talk Tearooms, in Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire, has also banned all of its Wi-Fi, describing it as “anti-social”. Owner Chris told Gloucestershire Live, “We just can’t afford it. People turn up, buy one coffee, and spend all day sitting at the table using the Wi-Fi. We need customers coming in and out throughout the day to survive. We’re only a small business. That’s why we can understand the likes of Costa doing it, because they can afford it. We’re not against that, but we won’t have Wi-Fi here.
1. What does this text mainly talk about?A.Small businesses are offering free Wi-Fi to attract more customers. |
B.Small businesses are banning freelance workers from coming inside. |
C.Small businesses are asking considerate customers to use Wi-Fi. |
D.Small businesses are forbidding their customers’ laptop use inside. |
A.offering free Wi-Fi makes it easy for small businesses to better their service |
B.businesses like Costa can afford to provide free Wi-Fi for the customers |
C.it is impossible to persuade customers to stop using their free Wi-Fi |
D.free Wi-Fi helps customers to keep in touch with the surroundings |
A.free laptops are provided in the zone |
B.people are free to bring laptops into the zone |
C.laptops are not allowed to be used in the zone |
D.people can talk about laptops freely in the zone |
A.The attitudes towards the new trend are varied among customers. |
B.The new trend in small businesses is proposed by customers. |
C.Small businesses are the most popular social places for people. |
D.People always spend much money buying things in small stores. |
2 . You’re rushing to work and a man ahead of you collapses (跌倒) on the sidewalk. Do you stop to help? In a study of bystanders, it was found that some people avert their gaze and keep on walking rather than stop and get involved. “There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed.” says a psychologist. “The first thoughts that pop into your mind often keep you from offering help. In order to take action, you have to work against them.” Here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping.
*Why should I be the one? I’m probably not the most competent (有能力的) person in this crowd. You might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offer assistance.
*What if he doesn’t really need my help? The fear of embarrassment (尴尬) is powerful; no one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others.
*No one else looks concerned — this must not be a problem. We can follow the people around us, but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public.
“If you spot trouble and find yourself explaining in action, force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on.” says the psychologist. “Then retry to involve other people; you don’t have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful. Sometimes it’s just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying ‘It looks like we should do something.’ or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and if not, to call for one. Once you take action, most people will follow you.”
1. Which is NOT the common thought that stops you from helping others?A.I’m not the very person capable of setting the problem. | B.It looks like we should do something. |
C.It must not be a problem as no one else is concerned. | D.The man doesn’t really need my help. |
A.They will call for help and then walk away. | B.They will stop and offer help. |
C.They will look in other direction and go on walking. | D.They will risk laughing at the helper. |
A.fix their eyes on something | B.pay close attention to something |
C.stare at something | D.turn their eyes away from something |
A.ask others to take on responsibility |
B.follow the passers-by who spot the trouble |
C.go directly to the police station and ask for help |
D.work against the first thoughts that prevent you offering help |
A.to give others a hand | B.to be more competent |
C.not to risk looking foolish | D.to stop and think about the situation |
3 . At one time, our growing population was seen as central to wildlife extinction, resource exhaustion, pollution and environmental destruction. But today, our concerns shift to declining birth rates due to increased reproductive choice for women.
This is a positive development, but is often described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting economic and senior care challenges. Lost in the conversation are the many positive aspects of an aging society, which is the result of people living healthier and longer lives, and common-sense realities like reduced needs for infrastructure (基础设施) and lower ecological impacts. Also lost is the fact that our population still grows by 80 million people every year.
And the consequences of high birth rates are severe. Among them is global warming. In fact, increased emissions (排放) from population growth have canceled more than three quarters of the emissions saved through energy efficiency and renewables over the past three decades.
Yet, no matter how well documented the link between population and climate, lowering our population is notably absent from the conversation on solutions. Instead, the focus is on technology that will supposedly allow our entire growing population to enjoy the energy-intensive lifestyles now enjoyed by the rich, and with no climate impacts.
But “green” technology is not the solution it is advertised to be. Its expansion to the degree needed to power a growing population at a decent standard of living would itself require a shocking investment in fossil (化石) fuels. It also requires massive mining operations, many of which take place on the backs of low-wage workers in Africa where it is driving destruction of rainforests critical to the survival of great apes. Besides, it requires 10 times the land area as fossil fuel plants for the same amount of energy generated.
When global warming threatens to push billions into unsafe temperatures, it is no time to panic that we are adding fewer to those billions. In fact, declining birth rates should be cause for celebration as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden on Earth.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A.The global population is decreasing every year. |
B.The benefits of an aging society are overlooked. |
C.The ecological environment is turning for the better. |
D.The media make up misleading news about the population. |
A.Reduced infrastructure needs. | B.Challenges in senior care services. |
C.A slowdown in economic growth. | D.Increased greenhouse gas emissions. |
A.It does damage to the ecosystem. | B.It is not popular around the world. |
C.It is unaffordable for poor regions. | D.It has little effect on reducing pollution. |
A.Aging Societies: A Global Crisis | B.The Mystery of “Green” Technology |
C.The Trend of Population Growth | D.Declining Birth Rates: A Hopeful Sign |
4 . Salad plants have already been grown in old shelters and tunnels. Urban farming is a regular topic of interest at places like the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, where leaders consider whether the world’s food system, blamed for causing both obesity and malnutrition, can be fixed. There are already plenty of urban farming projects around the world, particularly in the US, Japan and the Netherlands, from urban fish and plant farms to vertical farming.
“It’s becoming an expanding industry,” said Richard Ballard, one of the founders of the farm Growing Underground. “There are several other businesses starting up in London in containers, and there are other vertical farms around the country now.”
Growing Underground is not a standard farm. The rows of crops could be in almost any tunnel, but these plants are 100 feet below Clapham High Street and show that urban agriculture is, in some cases at least, not a fad. The underground farm has occupied a part of the Second World War air-raid shelters for nearly five years, and Ballard is planning to expand into the rest of the space later this year.
Growing Underground supplies herb and salad mixes to grocery shops, supermarkets and restaurants. Being in London creates an advantage, Ballard says, as they can harvest and deliver in an hour.
He adds other advantages. Being underground means temperatures never go below 15 ----surface greenhouses need to be heated. They can do more harvests: 60 crops a year, compared with about seven in a traditional farm. Electricity to power the lights is a major cost, but the company believes renewable energy will become cheaper.
Similar British companies include the Jones Food Company in Lincolnshire, while in the US AeroFarms has several projects in New Jersey, and Edenworks in Brooklyn.
1. What can we learn about urban farming?A.Different farming methods are used. |
B.Local governments pay efforts to develop it. |
C.It leads to a healthier lifestyle. |
D.It is rarely discussed at the WEF. |
A.A plan that has great potential. |
B.A tradition that appeals to a lot of people. |
C.An approach that can solve a serious problem. |
D.A fashion that’s popular for a short time. |
A.Its major products are herbs and salads. |
B.It produces more kinds of foods than a traditional farm. |
C.It is more productive than a traditional farm. |
D.It uses less energy than a greenhouse. |
A.Traditional farming will be replaced soon. |
B.Growing Underground attracts more people. |
C.Current food system causes health problems. |
D.Urban farming is still thought costly and time-consuming. |
5 . U. S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screens, and there’s growing concern over how social media may affect their mental health. Now, a new study has found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens feel better about their body image and their appearance.
The study arose from the personal experience of Helen Thai, a doctoral student in psychology at MeGill University. “What I noticed when I was joining in social media was that I couldn’t help but compare (比较) myself,” Thai says. Reading posts (帖子) from famous people and influencers, as well as people in her own social network, led to a lack of self - confidence.
So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether cutting time on social media platforms including Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat would improve body image. They gathered a few hundred volunteers, aged 17-25, all of whom had experienced symptoms (症状) of anxiety or depression — which could make them easily influenced by social media. Half of the volunteers were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks. The other half continued to use social media with no limits.
The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end of the study, which included statements such as “I’m pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.” Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5 - point scale. The change may seem small, but any change in such a short period of time is worth noticing.
“The study is encouraging, but it only included people who had symptoms of anxiety or depression. It’s worth applying this approach to other groups, such as people with eating problems. It’s also possible that the benefits of cutting back could extend more broadly to anyone in this age group,” says Psychologist Andrea Graham, co - director of the Center for Behavioral Intervention at Northwestern University.
1. What problem may social media bring to teenagers according to Thai?A.They may become addicted to the Internet. |
B.They tend to become sensitive to others’ words. |
C.They may have unrealistic expectations of their image. |
D.They tend to compare themselves with the images posted online. |
A.By listing numbers. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By making comparisons. | D.By analyzing causes and effects. |
A.It was a good try but should include more people. |
B.It was well designed but wasn’t finished. |
C.It was a failure but the methods were worth praising. |
D.It was encouraging but the evidence was not to be trusted. |
A.How to Help Teenagers Limit Screen time |
B.Shorter Screen Time, Better Feelings on Look |
C.How Social Media Changes Teenagers |
D.Less Anxiety, Better Image |
6 . Firms are increasingly investing their marketing dollars in social media — market research firms predict the spending will have reached $37 billion by the end of 2025.
However, increasing traffic and advertising income through strategic content scheduling is no easy task. A social media manager charged with posting 10 stories in one day with a budget to promote four of them can position the posts in more than 7 trillion ways. Most choose a “spray and pray” approach, by which they simply guess when a post will get the most attention.
New research from the University of Notre Dame shows digital content platforms can increase traffic to their websites from social media simply by matching their posting schedules with target audiences’ sleep-wake cycles.
“More specifically”, says Vamsi Kanuri, assistant professor of marketing, “consumers engage (参与) more with posts containing high-arousal negative information, including anger, stress, anxiety or fear, in the morning than in the afternoon or evening. They engage more with ‘boosted’ (paid to advertise) posts and those requiring higher cognitive (认知的) processing, such as scientific material in the afternoon.”
Simply adjusting posting schedules in accordance with target audiences’ sleep-wake cycles can increase engagement significantly, allowing firms to avoid spending more money on their special social media pages.
“There is an optimum point beyond which spending more money on boosting will only result in a small increase in total profits. Also, posting content too frequently or infrequently can hurt engagement rates. The best inter-post duration in our database t seems to be between 30 and 90 minutes. The team interviewed social media managers from several major content platforms to learn how they made posting decisions and examined a year’s worth of Facebook posting and boosting data (5,700 posts) from a major newspaper. They found managers relied on gut feelings (直觉) in making posting decisions but paid zero attention to what emotional posts might draw out from readers. Firms shouldn’t rely on the general rules-of-thumb posted on various blogs all over the Internet. Instead, they should make profit- maximizing content scheduling decisions by using precise science tools.
1. Which of the following best explains the underlined part “spray and pray” in Paragraph 2?A.Funds are contributed to many companies to get maximum profit. |
B.Advertisements are aimlessly spread to attract targeted people. |
C.Posts are carefully arranged to interest special groups of people. |
D.Brochures are handed out to increase the effect of advertising. |
A.People tend to get angry or anxious in the morning. |
B.Digital platforms are relatively cheap for post-sharing. |
C.Continuous posts are more likely to increase people’s engagement. |
D.Consumers’ engagement with the content of posts varies across the day. |
A.help people reduce their working time |
B.make people manage their reading time |
C.enable firms to predict people’s reading preference |
D.help firms reduce their marketing budgets |
A.Digital platforms can provide better posting decisions. |
B.People focus more on posts from major newspapers. |
C.More attention should be paid to emotional posts. |
D.Firms should seek the most profitable content scheduling decisions scientifically. |
7 . When I met a friend recently, I asked him how his work was. “Oh, just coasting (很轻松).” he said. He’s not alone. According to a recent survey, one third of the 3,000 people surveyed said they were “coasting” at work, which means they were making progress at work without much effort. This may come as a surprise in an age when so many people spend so much time complaining about how busy they are. But most of this talk about busyness is meaningless.
According to a study by researchers at Oxford University, we do not, in fact, spend more time working than we did in the past. To some degree, the amount of work we do has gone down. However, many people just have jobs filled with tasks that don’t really need to be done.
The way we look at coasting has completely changed. In the past, being relaxed or not being burdened with too much work was a sign of status. Now, being extremely busy shows you are important. If you are not crazily overburdened, then you are seen as a slacker. This does not make sense. Most people are not as busy as they say they are. In fact, most pressing tasks at work are often unrelated to productivity. Many busy people are actually overburdened with telling others how busy they are.
Being buried in your job may make you feel important, but it’s likely to keep friends, co-workers and your family away. What’s more, being super-busy all the time is not good for you. Another study found that people who are overburdened with work tend to have a worse sense of well-being than those who are more relaxed. Being super-busy is also bad for your career. Those who reported working very hard were associated with poorer career outcomes.
So, perhaps coasters are not a drag on productivity. Maybe they have worked out that the secret to a productive and healthy life is not being too busy, and certainly not going on about how busy you are.
1. Why does the author mention the conversation with his friend in Paragraph l?A.To show their close relationship. | B.To clarify the meaning of coasting. |
C.To introduce his topic. | D.To begin the article in an interesting way. |
A.A lazy person. | B.An easy-going person. |
C.A helpful person. | D.A very important person. |
A.is related to one’s productivity | B.may help one find the purpose of life |
C.is harmful to one’s career development | D.may bring a better material life to one’s family |
A.Negative. | B.Positive. | C.Indifferent. | D.Ambiguous. |
8 . I grew up hearing, “Figure it out, but don’t look it up.” I use this advice when I’m tempted (诱惑) to turn to a search engine for answers. Should all of us limit our use of technology?
Nicholas Carr, the author of The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, says that we should take some time away from screens. “Deep thinking happens only when our minds are calm and attentive.” It is difficult to focus while we are using the Internet. People tend to look up a question and end up skimming (浏览) through unrelated information. Some people might not even notice when they start mindlessly clicking.
In “Cognitive Offloading: How the Internet Is Changing the Human Brain”, Philip Perry describes a test that compared two groups. One group couldn’t use any sort of device to answer questions. The other group was allowed to use Google. The group that had access to their smartphones immediately looked up answers on the Internet. The group without smartphones were quicker at answering questions because they didn’t reach for their smartphones. While it’s true that the Internet gives us answers quickly and reliably, we may forget that we can get the answers so easily.
David Price, a guest blogger on a website, says that teaching may be getting easier with Google because parents can now use the Internet to help with their kids’ homework. This led me to think about our schooldays. When my class had a math test, most of us used calculators (计算器) at every opportunity even though everyone in that room was able to solve each problem. The Internet is like that because we know the answers to many questions we search for. We have to at least attempt to use our minds for problem-solving so we don’t forget how to do so. If we always turn to technology for answers, we’ll never learn anything on our own.
I understand that the problems with technology are only when it is used in a certain way, but it’s not the solution to every problem. The positives of technology don’t remove the negatives. It’s time to take a step back from technology and take a break from our devices.
1. What may happen when we’re using the Internet?A.We will be in a good mood. |
B.We will become less efficient. |
C.We will find it hard to think deeply. |
D.We will respond quickly to information. |
A.People are easily tempted by the information on the Internet. |
B.People don’t have to rely on the Internet all the time. |
C.A limit to the spread of the Internet is necessary. |
D.Webs can offer answers more reliably. |
A.To show different learning methods at different times. |
B.To stress the importance of learning by ourselves. |
C.To express his agreement to Price’s opinion. |
D.To praise the development of technology. |
A.Is teaching becoming easier with parents’ help? |
B.Is the Internet teaching people not to think? |
C.How to use the Internet more wisely? |
D.What does technology bring us? |
9 . We sometimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s one of the tricks our minds play on us, especially when we are in low spirits.
Actually, it’s unlikely that things were objectively better in the past. This form of thinking is called rosy retrospection, which is a well- studied cognitive (认知的) mistake. It happens because when we think about the past, we are more likely to focus on positive aspects than negative details.
If you think back to a holiday with your family five years ago, you’re likely to recall the beautiful views rather than the uncomfortable bed. In other words, the annoying details disappear from our memory over time while the positive ones remain.
Rosy retrospection can influence how we make decisions, and it’s one of the reasons why we easily return into problematic relationships. The longer it is since we experienced the negative influence of a relationship, the more likely we are to let the good memories outweigh the bad memories and to perhaps forgive unforgivable behavior. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to review our nostalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree of doubt.
But rosy retrospection does serve an important purpose. It keeps us in a positive state of mind in the present and is important to our mental health. In fact, people who tend to remember negative experiences more than positive ones are likely to suffer psychological disease. Research generally suggests that our happiest days are still to come. And even if they're not, it’s still important to believe that they are. Don’t shy away from looking upon the past with a certain degree of nostalgia. But, for the same reason, don't use the past as an excuse to be unhappy in the present.
1. What does the underlined phrase “rosy retrospection” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Concentrating on impossible things. | B.Thinking objectively about the past. |
C.Having a preference for good memories. | D.Remembering exactly about the details. |
A.Forgiving the unacceptable behavior generously. |
B.Reviewing the nostalgic feelings critically. |
C.Ignoring the nostalgic feelings absolutely. |
D.Getting back to the problematic relationships bravely. |
A.The importance of maintaining a positive mindset. | B.The good excuse for present happiness. |
C.The accuracy of remembering past details. | D.The negative impact of recalling past experience. |
A.Negative. | B.Cautious. | C.Subjective. | D.Objective. |
10 . While beauty pageants (选美比赛) have been around for about 200 years, a first of its kind pageant has recently emerged — Miss AI, the world’s first beauty pageant for artificial intelligence-generated influencers and models.
Contestants will first be given points based on their beauty and tech. Beauty points are awarded like in every pageant, based on their conventional beauty and ability to answer questions maturely. However, it’s worth considering that all the models were specifically designed to meet or even exceed (超过) all modern day beauty standards so the category won’t be hard to score in. It’s the technical quality and realism of the model that are vital to win points, especially since AI is known to have little but noticeable flaws, like a sixth finger or extra teeth.
The consistency of contestants’ social media interaction with fans, as well as how they are using their platforms are also what earn them points in the social clout category. For example, Kenza Layli, the AI influencer topping the shortlist, fights to promote a society of empowered Moroccan women and was praised by the judges for her ability to tie a larger international audience to her cause, through her 196,000 followers on Instagram.
However, concerns have also arisen about such pageants.
When asked about his viewpoint on the significance of AI pageants, Kenza’s creator Rahul Choudhry commented: “AI is here to help humans, and Kenza’s purpose is to spread awareness. She has a celebrity-like quality because we noticed people tend to follow celebrities and join their causes.”
That celebrity-like quality does have other effects on audiences as well, such as envy and lower self-respect. Besides, real-life beauty pageants have been for decades criticized for their objectification and lack of body diversity, supporting poisonous beauty standards and misleading people in their perception of beauty. In the case of AI pageants, these issues only worsen because they are not real, making their appearance genuinely unattainable and damaging young women’s idea of beauty.
1. What is the key in judging an AI contestant’s beauty?A.Special designs. | B.Beauty standards. |
C.Details in appearances. | D.Performances in question-answering. |
A.Atmosphere. | B.Progress. | C.Influence. | D.Relation. |
A.they recognize body diversity | B.they don’t accept the beauty of AI |
C.they adopt unchanged beauty standards | D.they don’t advocate proper ideas on beauty |
A.Beauty Pageants | B.Artificial Attraction |
C.Concerns over AI | D.Breakthroughs in AI |