3 . If I could give today’s young people three wishes, they would be: More hugs. More time outside in nature. More belief in their own power to change the world. While most people understand the importance of the first two wishes, the third one leaves some folks wondering why young people’s belief in their own power is so essential.

Let’s start with the idea that all of us--especially young people--need heroes. We need them to be our guides on the difficult trail(足迹)we call life and to show us just how far we can go. And we need heroes today more than ever. Our modern society is terribly confused about the difference between a celebrity and a hero. And the difference: is vital. A celebrity is all about fame(名望)--temporary, superficial fame, usually for qualities that are easy to see: a pretty face, a great dance move. A hero, by contrast, is about character--qualities under the surface that aren’t visible until they take action.

Heroes are all around us. They truly hold our world together, through their unselfish devotion to helping others, teaching children, and protecting the environment. They don’t want fame, or glory; they just want to help. In so many ways, these unsung heroes pilot the boat in which all of us sail.

Yet, young people hear a lot more about celebrities than about heroes in the media. The hidden message they get from all this is that their self-worth comes from what they buy--which shoes, which cell phone--not who they are down inside. What gets lost in this? Young people’s sense of their own potential for heroic qualities--their own power to make a positive difference in the world. Truth is, there is a potential hero, a future difference maker, in every young person. Each of them, from whatever background, is a positive force who can do something. All it takes for that to be true is belief.

How do we help young people believe in their own power? The best way is simply to share examples, of other young people who have made a difference.

Ryan, age 11, has worked tirelessly to raise money to provide clean drinking water to African villages. When he first heard about the plight(困苦)of African children who died from impure water, Ryan was only six years old. In the next five years, he raised over $500,000--enough to build over 70 water wells.

Barbara, age 17, grew up on a farm in Texas. When she realized that local farmers were pouring their used motor oil into rivers, causing pollution, she organized the creation of a recycling center for crude(未加提炼的)oil. Her project has grown to include18 recycling centers in Texas.

The list could continue. These are but a few examples of young people who have discovered that they can build on their own energy to do something great.

1. What is the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 2?

A．To give examples of celebrities and heroes around us.

B．To discuss the differences between celebrities and heroes.

C．To provide definitions of the words “celebrity” and “hero”.

D．To explain the details about being celebrities and heroes.

2. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A．Heroes make the world go round.

B．Heroes must believe in themselves.

C．Heroes focus on social welfare programs.

D．Heroes promote cooperation between people.

3. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A．Heroes and celebrities are both valued today.

B．Society doesn’t support the development of heroes.

C．The media turn ordinary celebrities into real heroes.

D．Young people don’t have the belief in their own strength.

4. How does the author advance his view that young people have the potential to be a hero?

A．By defining the qualities that make a young person a hero.

B．By contrasting the achievements made by different young people.

C．By giving examples of young people who show the qualities of a hero.

D．By providing examples of qualities that have made young people famous.

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．More heroes are needed in the world.

B．Celebrities are reported too much in the media.

C．Adults should become role models for young people.

D．Young people should believe in their ability to make a difference.

4 . These days, it's not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures, office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks. It's becoming more and more common to see adults taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult.

What lies behind the phenomenon? One is about adults' nostalgia （怀旧之情）for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today's fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.

Businesses have been quick to exploit the kidult trend, and the number of toy stores that target adults has risen. Companies are repackaging products from past decades and also bringing out new ones for adults. Lego, for example, has brought out an architectural series featuring landmarks from around the world.

Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly （异常）that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers. On a grander scale, these kidult opponents （对手）argue that such delayed adulthood causes couples to marry later and have fewer children. This in turn can lead to shrinking national economies, for there needs to be a generational replenishment （补充）of the workforce.

From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society's acceptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor work opportunities.

Whether the kidult phenomenon will continue to grow or prove to be a passing trend is anyone's guess. As the debate about it continues, remember that there is nothing wrong with being young at heart.

1. What does the kidult phenomenon refer to?

A．Adults act like children.

B．Adults have child-like tastes.

C．Adults go in for collecting toys.

D．Adults like playing with children.

2. Which of the following might cause the emergence of kidults?

A．Different living conditions.

B．More choices about toys.

C．High pressure of modern life.

D．Good memories of childhood.

3. What does the underlined word “exploit” probably mean?

A．Get used to.

B．Look forward to.

C．Take advantage of.

D．Make way for.

4. How does the text deal with the debate about kidults?

A．By strongly opposing kidult opponents.

B．By convincing readers to accept kidults.

C．By refusing to take a stand on the issue.

D．By presenting both sides of the argument.

5. What can we infer about the author's attitude towards the phenomenon from the last paragraph?

A．Doubtful.	B．Positive.
C．Disapproving.	D．Uncaring.

5 . 为了共同防控新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，学期初教育部发布了延期开学的通知，全国地行“停课不停教,停课不停学”的工作安排，学生在家进行了一个多月的网课学习。假你是光中学的李津，作为参与网课学习的一员,请你向 “China Daily”报纸所开辟的“OnlineTeaching”专栏投稿，就近期的网课学习体验谈谈线上教学的利与弊。
内容包括：1. 线上教学的利弊；
2. 个人观点与看法。
注意事项：1.   词数不少于 100 词；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：新型冠状病毒肺炎：COVID﹣19；
Dear Editor,

I’m Li Jin from Chen Guang Middle School.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Jin

6 . During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.

Soon after the epidemic started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced（测定序列）the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.

Due to this openness, pharmaceutical（制药的）companies across the globe are now able to work simultaneously to develop a vaccine. “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,”Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazeera.“The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more resilient（有适应力的）well be against coronavirus outbreaks in the future. ”

Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, s found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.

This openness in science is going to be even more crucial in the future. With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent, Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.

He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a coordinated（合作的）approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and therapeutics（疗法）very rapidly.

Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming（补偿的）factor of the COVID﹣19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.

1. What does the article mainly talk about?

A．Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic.

B．The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge.

C．Something positive we’ve learned from the epidemic.

D．What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics.

2. What is the positive effect of the research team from Fudan University placing the genetic sequence of the virus onto GenBank?

A．They alerted the world to the danger of the virus.

B．They helped remove people’s fear of the virus.

C．They invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine.

D．They showed the world how to produce a vaccine.

3. What does the underlined phrase“work simultaneously” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．work at the same time.

B．work effectively

C．work continuously

D．work happily

4. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning remdesivir in the text?

A．To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic.

B．To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries.

C．To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus.

D．To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained.

5. Which of the following would Dan Barouch probably disagree with?

A．The increase in globalization may worsen future epidemics.

B．Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to scientific development.

C．No single group can fight against the epidemics independently.

D．The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics.

7 . I was in the garden with Augie, my grandson, watching the bees. “How do they make honey?” Augie asked. “Actually, Augie, I don’t know,” I replied. “But, Grandmom, you have your phone,” he said. For Augie, holding a smartphone almost means knowing everything.

During my childhood I was crazy about a powerful device（设备）that transports the user to an alternate reality. I spent most of my waking hours on it, unaware of the world around me. The device was, of course, the book. Over time, reading hijacked（控制）my brain, as large areas once processing the real world adapted to processing the printed word. As far as I can tell, this early immersion（沉浸）didn’t prevent my development, but it did leave me with some illusions（幻想）– my idea of romantic love surely came from novels.

Many parents worry that “screen time” will damage children’s development, but recent research suggests that most of the common fears about children and screens are unfounded. There is one exception: looking at screens before bed really disturbs sleep, in people of all ages. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) used to recommend strict restrictions（限制）on screen exposure（暴露）. Last year, the organization examined the relevant science more thoroughly and changed its recommendations. The new guidelines emphasize that what matters is content and context, what children watch and with whom.

New tools have always led to panicky（紧张不安的）guesses. The novel, the telephone, and the television were all declared to be the End of Civilization, particularly in the hands of the young. Part of the reason may be that adult brains require a lot of focus and effort to learn something new, while children’s brains are designed to master new environments naturally. New technologies always seem disturbing to the adults attempting to master them, and transparent and obvious – not really technology at all – to those children like Augie.

When Augie’s father got home, Augie rushed to meet him and said in excitement. “Daddy, Daddy, look,” he said, reaching for my phone. “Do you know how bees make honey? I’ll show you…”

1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To introduce a topic.	B．To present an argument.
C．To clarify（表明）the author’s writing purpose.	D．To give information on main characters.

2. What can be learned about the author?

A．She had an unhappy childhood.	B．She was interested in reading novels.
C．She was addicted to an electronic device.	D．She paid much attention to the real world.

3. What does the AAP probably advise people to do?

A．Limit children’s screen time.	B．Don’t chat online with strangers.
C．Don’t stare at a screen before bedtime.	D．Guide children on their screen devices.

4. In the author’s opinion, why do adults react to new things differently from children?

A．They don’t want to change.

B．Their learning ability decreases with age.

C．They have no desire for the dynamic world.

D．Their learning methods differ from children’s.

5. What might be the author’s attitude to “screen time”?

A．Doubtful.	B．Supportive.
C．Disapproving（反对的）.	D．Contradictory（相互矛盾的）.

8 . 阅读表达

Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes – and finds that alumni（毕业生）of arts-based museum programs credit them with changing the course of their lives, even years after the fact.

The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Alumni, whose current ages range from 18 to 36, were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.

Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of alumni rated the teen program experience as the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they’d ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.

It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic about culture even after they reach adulthood: 96 percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of program alumni work in the arts as adults.

Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with their income and educational attainment（成就）as adults. Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower drop-out rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.

1. What is the purpose of the study conducted? (no more than 15 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What do the figures（数字）in Paragraph 3 show? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What does Paragraph 4 tell us about art programs? (no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What does the underlined word in the third paragraph probably mean? (1 word)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What do you think of the art programs? Give your reason. (no more than 20 words)
___________________________________________________________________________

9 . The concept of a “born leader” seems so fanciful that it belongs on the cover of a bad business book. But it turns out that born leaders are real, and researchers have discovered a key factor, which isn’t genes, parents, or peers, but birth order.

First-born children are 30 percent more likely to be CEOs or politicians, according to a new paper by several economists, Sandra E. Black at the University of Texas-Austin, and Bjorn Ockert and Erik Gronqvist at Sweden’s Institute for Evaluation of Labor Market and Education Policy. The paper, which only looked at boys, found that first-borns stay in school longer, make more money, have a higher IQ, and even spend more time on homework than on television,

The idea that birth order might shape personality goes back at least to the 1920s, when Alfred Adler theorized that first-born children develop a “taste for power” at a young age, since they can dominate their younger siblings. He went on to say young children are spoiled and become dependent on their parents (the “baby of the family” effect), while middle children, being often in a war for their parents’ attention, are status-conscious and naturally competitive.

Obtaining personality from birth may strike you. But Adler’s hypotheses (假说) have held up in numerous studies. In a 2013 paper, “Strategic Parenting, Birth Order and School Performance,” V. Joseph Hotz, a professor of economics at Duke University, and Juan Pantano, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis, used American data to show that school performance declines with birth order.

The researchers chalked their findings up to what they called the “reputational model of strategic parenting.” Put simply, parents invest a lot of time in establishing rules for their first child, building a reputation for toughness that they hope will pass down to later children. As a result, first-borns are doubly blessed — having too much of their parents’ attention, and then entrusted to act as the rules enforcer of the family, which helps them build intelligence, discipline, and leadership qualities. In the survey, parents report that they consider their older children more successful, and they are less likely to discipline their later-born children for improper behaviors, such as acting up or not doing homework.

This new study relies on Swedish data, and it comes to a similar conclusion. First-borns aren’t just healthier or smarter, but also they score higher on “emotional stability, persistence, social outgoingness, willingness to assume responsibility and ability to take the initiative.” Its researchers ruled out genetic factors; in fact, they uncovered evidence that later-born children might be healthier than first-borns.

Instead, the differences among siblings had everything to do with family dynamics in the children’s early years. First, having more children means parents can spend less time on each child, and as the parental investment declines, so may IQ.

Second, the most important effect, the researchers said, might not be the “strategic parenting” but something more like “strategic brothering.” As siblings compete for their parents’ love (or ice cream, or toys), they occupy certain positions---older siblings demonstrate their competence and power, while younger siblings develop more creative strategies to get attention. This effect seems particularly strong among later-born boys with older brothers. Younger brothers are much more likely to enter “creative” occupations — like architect, writer, actor, singer, or photographer — if they have older brothers, rather than older sisters. In other words, among young brothers, specialization within the family forecasts specialization in the workforce.

There is a considerable implication in this idea that family dynamics during childhood can shape adult personality. Young children are highly sensitive to their environment, in ways that often have lasting effects.

1. First-born children are more likely to be CEOs or politicians because _____.

A．they are born to have leadership qualities

B．teachers and parents invest more time in educating them

C．later-born children need them to set good examples

D．they have a lot of practice in bossing around their younger siblings

2. What can we learn about Alfred Adler?

A．His research was based on American data.

B．His hypotheses were applied in many studies.

C．He held the idea that first-born children should be independent.

D．He thought that children’s personality was affected by birth order.

3. According to the 2013 paper, if a child does not behave as well as his elder brother at school, it may be due to the fact that he ______.

A．has a lower IQ and EQ

B．is badly treated by school teachers

C．receives less attention from his parents

D．is spoiled too much by other family members

4. What are the findings of the new study based on?

A．Swedish data on boys.

B．Controlled experiments on children.

C．Differences between first-born and later-borns.

D．The observation of children’s development across Sweden.

5. The new study has found that later-born children ______.

A．feel disappointed at their parents’ attitude to them

B．are always in a process of self-discovery

C．may be more trustworthy and creative

D．might be physically strong

6. According to the author, ______.

A．parents should create a good family environment for their children

B．children should be given equal attention by their parents

C．girls’ development is seldom affected by birth order

D．boys should be forbidden to order others around

10 . Anger is good for you, as long as you control it, according to new psychology research. A new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts of stress and help you become healthier.

“Here getting emotional is not bad for you if you look at the case of anger,” said Jennifer Lerner of Carnegie Mellon. “The more people display anger, the lower their stress responses.”

Lerner studied 92 UCLA students by asking them to count back from 6,200. They must say out loud every thirteenth number. Researchers disturbed them by asking them to count faster or ask them other questions. If they made any mistakes, they had to restart from the very beginning. Many students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry.

Lerner used a hidden video camera and recorded all their facial expressions during the test. The researchers describe their reactions as fear, anger and disgust.

Other researchers recorded the students’ blood pressure, pulse and production of a high-stress hormone (荷尔蒙) called cortisol. People whose faces showed more fear during the experiment had higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone. Both can have lasting effects such as diabetes (糖尿病), heart disease, depression and extra weight gain.

When people feel fear, negative impacts increase, but when they get angry, those negatives go down, according to the study.

“Having that sense of anger leads people to actually feel some power in what otherwise is a maddening (令人发狂的) situation,” Lerner said.

Lerner previously studied Americans’ emotional response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks two months after the incident. She found people who reacted with anger were more optimistic. These people are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the event. So in maddening situations, anger is not a bad thing to have. It’s a healthier response than fear.

1. What is the story mainly about?

A．The findings of new psychology research.

B．What you can do with anger in certain cases.

C．Different effects produced by anger and fear.

D．Healthier responses in maddening situations.

2. Which statement will Jennifer Lerner agree with?

A．It’s better to be angry than to be frightened.

B．Different reactions reflect different outlooks on life.

C．Don’t control your anger and it makes you powerful.

D．Pessimistic people are generally healthier than optimistic people.

3. What does the underlined word “both” refer to according to the passage?

A．Fear and anger.	B．Blood pressure and pulse.
C．Blood pressure and cortisol.	D．Higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone.

4. In what ways can anger be beneficial to people?

A．By showing their optimistic side.	B．By reducing their stress.
C．By reducing high blood pressure.	D．By taking the place of fear.

5. The researchers irritated (激怒) the students by __________.

A．recording their performance secretly

B．asking them to count to 6,200 again and again

C．disturbing them and making them start all over again

D．criticizing them when they made mistakes