1.简述调查结果；
2.提出自己的看法并陈述理由。
1.词数100词左右；
2.短文的题目已为你写好。
Handwriting or Typing?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2 . In the last 50 years the media influence has grown increasingly with the advance of technology. First there was the telegraph, then the radio, the newspaper, magazines, the television and now the Internet.
We live in a society that depends on information and communication to keep moving in the right direction and do our daily activities like work, entertainment, health care, education, personal relationships, traveling and anything else that we have to do.
In our daily life, we rely on the media to get the current news and facts about what is important and what we should be aware of. We have put our trust on the media as an authority to give us news, entertainment and education. However, the influence of mass media on our kids, teenagers and society is so big that we should know how it really works.
Of all the media distribution channels the most influential has been the television. We are constantly exposed to thousands of images of violence, advertising, sex, celebrities and much more, in fact a child may be exposed to about 40,000 ads a year.
But who owns the media, which are the companies or people that shape our values, beliefs and decisions? In America, the media is basically dominated by five major companies. Those five companies own 95% of all the media that we get every day. They own the major entertainment theme parks, entertainment movie studios, television and radio broadcast networks and programming, video news and sports entertainment. They also own integrated telecommunications, wireless phones, video games softwares, electronic media, the music industry and more.
Years ago there was more diversity in companies, but they have been combined so now they are just a few and they have the power to shape our opinions and beliefs and those of our kids. So it’s important to be aware of what your kids are exposed to every day and you should also try to look at things from different perspectives and not just from the one the media gives you.
1. What does the underlined word “dominated” probably mean?| A．Invested. | B．Controlled. | C．Played. | D．Sold. |
| A．Newspaper. | B．Telegraph. | C．Radio. | D．TV. |
| A．We will know nothing about the outside world. |
| B．We’ll know more about what our kids are exposed to. |
| C．Our opinions and beliefs will be easily shaped. |
| D．A lot of money will be saved and spent on other projects. |
| A．Mass media influence |
| B．The concept of mass media |
| C．What are we exposed to? |
| D．How does the media harm the public? |
3 . Feeling controlled by your to-do list can certainly make you unhappy, but new research suggests that more free time might not be the magic elixir (灵丹妙药) many of us dream it could be.
In a new study shown last week, researchers analyzed data from two major surveys about how Americans spend their time. Together, the surveys included more than 35,000 respondents (受访者). The researchers found that people with more free time generally had higher levels of subjective well-being—but only up to a point.
People who had up to two hours of free time a day generally reported they felt better than those who’d had less time. But people who had five or more hours of free time a day generally said they felt worse.
So finally the free-time “sweet spot” might be two to three hours per day, the findings suggest. “While too little time is bad, having more time is not always better,” said Marissa Sharif, lead author of the paper.
Of course, most people know that being too busy can cause stress. But the new study is not the first to question whether more free time will actually make people as happy as they believe it will. Part of “sweet spot” has to do with how people spend the free time. Researchers conducted several smaller online experiments. In one they asked participants to imagine having 3.5 to 7 free hours per day. They were asked to imagine spending that time doing “productive” things (like exercising) or to imagine doing “unproductive” activities (like watching TV).
Study participants believed their well-being would suffer if they had a lot of free time during the day—but only if they used it unproductively. Though that experiment was hypothetical (假设的), which is one limitation of the new research, it’s certainly in line with other research showing that being in a state of “flow” can be good for people’s mental health.
In other words, how people use their free time matters, Sharif said. Of course, what feels “productive” is up to you.
1. What can we know about the new study?| A．It included many American respondents. | B．It surveyed people from different countries. |
| C．It found that more spare time was better. | D．It’s the first to question the importance of free-time. |
| A．Less than 2 hours. | B．About 3.5 hours. | C．About 2 to 3 hours. | D．More than 7 hours. |
| A．The experiment included unproductive activities. |
| B．The experiment wasn’t in line with other researches. |
| C．The experiment didn’t include enough participants. |
| D．The experiment was not based on adequate evidence. |
| A．Being productive is an important matter. |
| B．The way people spend their spare time makes a difference. |
| C．Being in a state of “free” can be good for people’s mental health. |
| D．More free time will actually make people as happy as they believe. |
4 . The needs of plus-size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK.
Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.”
Researchers also criticize that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.”
The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a particular range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US.
1. What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph?| A．The hot issue that is valued. | B．The obvious truth that is ignored. |
| C．The important principle that is recognized. | D．The common phenomenon that is criticized. |
| A．they pick sizes randomly | B．they offer limited plus sizes |
| C．they treat designers disrespectfully | D．they haven’t broadened standard sizes |
| A．Their designs. | B．Their quality. |
| C．Their motivations. | D．Their advertisements. |
| A．Buyers deserve fashion that respects their values. |
| B．Consumers prefer brands with personalized styles. |
| C．Brands should catch up with the size-inclusive trend. |
| D．A good brand image is critical in the fashion industry. |
5 . Like many young Chinese, Zuo had been raised from a young age to be “a good student”. As long as she followed the rules and worked hard, money and success would naturally followed. Zuo had followed the instructions to the
For Zuo, the failure came as a crushing
But the ordeal (磨难) has left a profound impression on Zuo. The former teacher’s pet has transformed into a passionate
“Good students” like Zuo tend to be
It’s clear that a diverse range of young people can
| A．letter | B．limitation | C．guidance | D．degree |
| A．land | B．miss | C．occupy | D．play |
| A．job | B．offer | C．application | D．response |
| A．blow | B．surprise | C．expectation | D．experience |
| A．impressed | B．overwhelmed | C．filled | D．buried |
| A．supporter | B．example | C．critic | D．expert |
| A．absolutely | B．seldom | C．less | D．particularly |
| A．get rid of | B．suffer from | C．live up with | D．get over |
| A．external | B．flexible | C．positive | D．special |
| A．develop | B．adopt | C．withdraw | D．transform |
| A．avoid | B．owe | C．fall | D．change |
| A．recognition | B．concern | C．situation | D．fear |
| A．openly | B．continuously | C．hopefully | D．anxiously |
| A．rise | B．boost | C．advance | D．upgrade |
| A．breakout | B．breakdown | C．breakup | D．breakthrough |
6 . We are living in a toxic food environment, where the food industry spends millions advertising ultra-processed (超加工的) foods(UPFs)that make up 50% of the average adult’s diet and 65% of a child’s in the UK. These foods are made with preservatives, color or flavor enhancers and include everyday items such as ready meals and “healthy” snacks in the supermarket.
We tend to think of UPFs as a problem that mainly affects people who live in poverty. However, UPFs hide in plain sight. If your shopping bag doesn’t contain a fair chunk of them, then there are a few possibilities: you have a superhuman level of willpower; you are very wealthy and have your own cook; you are lying. It is absolutely not correct to criticize the diets of people already living in highly stressful situations, and it’s also a mistake to assume this doesn’t affect “us”, whatever your social or economic position might be.
Instead of blaming individuals, we must recognize that this issue is structural. The popularity of UPFs is symptomatic of something much bigger. Arranging society so that people don’t feel they have enough time or money to make themselves a meal is a nightmare (可怕的事情). Selling us cheap food that might harm us, but is framed as being helpful or healthy, is a nightmare. So is urban planning, which means more than three million people have limited accessibility to groceries that sell locally-sourced and farm-fresh food items.
Every time we talk about “good” and “bad” food choices, we look at the problem upside down. It’s almost impossible for average people to make so-called “good” food choices. Our problems with food choices are to be solved by those who make UPFs, not those who eat them. It’s the food industry that is broken and needs to change.
1. What substance is added to UPFs?| A．Local produce. | B．Fresh ingredients. |
| C．Organic food. | D．Food additives. |
| A．UPFs’ widespread effects. | B．UPFs’ potential benefits. |
| C．UPFs’ evident problems. | D．UPFs’ economic value. |
| A．Lack of affordable city housing. | B．Lack of access to fresh produce. |
| C．Lack of means of public transport. | D．Lack of knowledge of proper diet. |
| A．Individual consumers. | B．Local administrators. |
| C．Advertising agencies. | D．Food manufacturers. |
7 . Americans are responsible for throwing out more stuff than any other nation. “We keep going at this pace and we’ll reach the heat death of the earth,” said Adam Savage, the host of a website aimed at makers, as he worked on repairing a heavy wood-and-metal-shaping machine. “It’s time human beings reminded themselves of fixit culture.”
Most people don’t have Savage’s drive for Extreme DIY. Nevertheless, the appetite is on the rise. U.S. consumers show an increased interest in prolonging the life of the things they own, rather than getting rid of them. Online how-to videos are getting hundreds of thousands of hits, and people are heading to community repair workshops across the country.
“There’s this cultural shift, and then the policy work has to be done,” said Shawn Rosenmoss, a senior environmental specialist. “They have to go hand in hand.” What Rosenmoss means by policy work is legislation (法规) that empowers people to fix things themselves or do so through a repair provider of their choice. So-called “Right to Repair” legislation is focused on getting producers to offer people their parts, tools and service information. Dozens of Right to Repair bills are working their way through the legislative process, and have passed in a few states while there’s resistance to them.
“The bills will ask producers to provide any third parties with sensitive information tools and parts without requiring any of the critical consumer protections that are afforded by authorized repair networks like training and competency certification,” said David Edmonson, vice president of state policy. “That could threat market orders.” Nevertheless, some electrical companies expanded their self-repair programs.
At an electronics repair store in San Francisco, owner Michael Ghadieh said he started fixing smartphones when they came on the market around 15 years ago. “Parts were difficult to obtain,” Ghadieh said. “Now the case is different of course.” But he’s seen a drop in his phone repair business, with producers offering ever-more appealing deals to customers who give used products in part exchange for shiny new ones. “So repair’s future is still unknown.”
1. What new phenomenon in the U.S. is described?| A．Laws on repair are introduced. | B．More waste is produced than ever. |
| C．Fixing things becomes popular. | D．Environmental problems get solved. |
| A．By publicizing knowledge of repair. | B．By providing them with free repair service. |
| C．By reducing the cost of fixing things. | D．By making things needed for repair accessible. |
| A．Concerned. | B．Favorable. | C．Doubtful. | D．Uncaring. |
| A．Lack of phone parts. | B．The appearance of trading in old items. |
| C．Difficulty in fixing phones. | D．Opposition from authorized networks. |
8 . There has been a bitter argument within the Australian community over a horse racing event advertised on the Sydney Opera House. While some believe the Opera House is Australia’s “biggest billboard (大幅广告牌)” and should be used for economic gain, others are shocked that the government has allowed the national landmark to be polluted with branding.
As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Sydney Opera House is an important Australian building recognized all over the world and one of the country’s most frequently visited tourist attractions. In the past, the Opera House has been used to promote a handful of charities, cultural festivals, etc. However, these have aimed to highlight events that bring advantage to ordinary people, not a single profiting brand.
Some have argued that promoting brands on the sails of the Opera House is just like advertising on any other billboard or marketing space with the power to significantly encourage tourism and growth. While this may be true, if advertising continues to happen, the Opera House could risk losing its reputation, which could devalue the landmark and actually damage its tourism appeal.
Although landmarks around the world such as the Eiffel Tower and Moscow’s Red Square have been used for advertising, they also caused some arguments among the public. For instance, a major fashion brand placed a giant branded suitcase in the center of Moscow’s Red Square; however, it was removed shortly afterwards as tourists complained it was so big that it blocked views of major landmark sites. The advertisement caused arguments among the public and finally failed to leave a positive impact.
So what will advertising on the Opera House look like to international tourists? Will they be amazed and drawn to a wonderful country, or will they see advertising as something reducing the cultural value of a national symbol? We think it’s clear that our national treasures deserve the respect and admiration that come with them, and advertising should be limited to important causes, not campaigns for commercial gain.
1. What caused the heated debate among Australians?| A．The biggest billboard at the Opera House. |
| B．The Opera House’s being used for advertising. |
| C．The horse racing event held at the Opera House. |
| D．The famous national landmark’s being polluted. |
| A．They were in the public interest. | B．They caught international attention. |
| C．They were designed to attract tourists. | D．They brought great economic benefits. |
| A．To present how companies benefit from attractions. |
| B．To stress the various types of promotions in attractions. |
| C．To explain why tourists dislike billboards on landmarks. |
| D．To show the negative effects of advertising on landmarks. |
| A．Favourable. | B．Doubtful. | C．Intolerant. | D．Objective. |
9 . How did nearsighted people manage in the pre-glasses past? Have you ever thought about this? Aristotle may have written the first observations of myopia around 350 B.C. Because their eyeballs are too long, people with this condition can see objects that are close by, but distant objects tend to look blurry.
Neil Handley, a museum curator, said not much is known about how people dealt with myopia before the first lenses for nearsighted people were invented in the 15th century in Europe. And he noted that “even in the history of the invention of spectacles, that is a late development.”
There are 13th-century European examples of handheld convex lenses that were used to treat age-related vision loss known as presbyopia. But the technology wasn’t applied to treat nearsightedness for another 200 years.
“Because of the way that lens is held, you can see through it, and the artist has captured the effect that the glass has,” Handley said. Myopia could be something of a modern condition. Rates of myopia have risen sharply in recent decades, and researchers have projected that half the world will be myopic by 2050.
Doctors are still trying to figure out the cause behind this trend. Some have blamed genetic causes or an increase in studying and screen time.
It’s likely that myopia didn’t affect as many people in the past as it does now. Handley said the late creation of nearsighted glasses suggests that treating the small number of people with myopia wasn’t regarded as a priority and that people could have gotten by with this condition by making some adaptations in their lifestyle. Or, maybe there was more of an emphasis on putting people in jobs that were suited to their ability to see, he said.
For example, people with myopia were historically valued in artisan contexts, such as medieval European monasteries, where illuminating manuscripts and painting required making tiny, precise skills.
1. What can be learned about the first myopia glasses?| A．They came into people’s view around 350 B.C. |
| B．They could help shorten people’s eyeballs. |
| C．They didn’t come out until the 15th century. |
| D．They were initially designed for old people. |
| A．Noticed. | B．Predicted. | C．Doubted. | D．Conducted. |
| A．People in the past didn’t develop myopia. |
| B．My opia could be cured by changing one’s lifestyle. |
| C．People with myopia could also lead a normal life. |
| D．Most art-related jobs favored near sighted people. |
| A．Glasses for nearsighted people have developed a lot. |
| B．Nearsightedness is increasing at an alarming rate. |
| C．Various reasons contribute to modern myopia. |
| D．Myopia was not so disturbing in the past. |
10 . The latest photo taken at China’s well-known Tsinghua University became a hit, where a student was seen using his laptop while riding on a bike. The moral of the story is that wasting time on things like commuting between university facilities becomes unacceptable, since the pressure to graduate top of the class is so intense.
Into the real world, working extra hours is a common practice of China’s most brilliant figures in technology. In finite overtime, premature balding (秃顶) and hospital admissions are all but part of standard professional life for the nation’s brightest. Similarly, blue-collar workers don’t have it easier. Food delivery riders are reportedly trapped by an algorithm (算法) that automatically works out the best delivery time for app users, and never minds if the workers are at the risk of road accidents.
People are wondering whether all this hard work really makes life better. Actually, it may well be making things harder for everyone, but there doesn’t seem to be a way out. A popular sense of being stuck in an ever so exhausting rat race where everyone loses has given rise to a new buzzword: neijuan (involution). The Chinese word, neijuan, is made up of the characters for “inside” and “rolling”, and is understood as something that spirals in on itself, a process that traps participants who know they won’t benefit from it.
“From a sociological point of view, involution is unavoidable because of society’s structural shifts,” said Yan Fei, a professor of sociology at Tsinghua University, “One big question for the middle class is how to remain in the middle class. Meanwhile, the lower class still hopes to change their fate. But the middle and upper classes aren’t so much looking upward, and they are marked by a deep fear of falling downward. Their greater fear is perhaps losing what they already have,” he explained.
1. Why is the photo of a student in Tsinghua University mentioned in Paragraph 1?| A．To clarify the writing purpose. |
| B．To present an argument. |
| C．To introduce the topic of the passage. |
| D．To describe a character. |
| A．I’s common to work overtime in the real world. |
| B．Neijuan reflects the fierce competition in China. |
| C．Food delivery riders benefit a lot from the apps. |
| D．People live a better life due to their great efforts. |
| A．The lower class suffers a deep fear of falling downward. |
| B．The middle class tries to be a member of the upper class. |
| C．The greatest fear of every class is to lose what they already have. |
| D．Involution is inescapable in the development of society for each class. |
| A．Society. | B．Economy. | C．Entertainment. | D．Tourism. |
