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文章大意:本文为说明文。文章讨论了幻灯片带来的恐慌。

1 . The Great PowerPoint Panic of 2003.

Sixteen minutes before touchdown on the morning of February 1, 2003, the space shuttle Columbia (“哥伦比亚”号航天飞机)______ into the cloudless East Texas sky. All seven astronauts aboard were killed. As the shattered shuttle flew toward Earth in pieces, it looked to its live TV viewers like a swarm of shooting stars.

The immediate ______ of the disaster, a report from a NASA Accident Investigation Board determined that August, was a piece of insulating foam (绝缘泡沫胶) that had broken loose and damaged the shuttle’s left wing soon after liftoff. But the report also   ______ out a less direct, more surprising cause. Engineers had known about - and inappropriately______ - the wing damage long before Columbia’s attempted reentry, but the flaws in their analysis were ______ in a series of overstuffed computer-presentation slides that were shown to NASA officials.

By the start of 2003, the phrase “death by PowerPoint” had well and truly entered the ______ vocabulary. Edward Tufte was the first to have taken it literally: That spring, the Yale statistician published a booklet entitled The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint, whose core argument was that the medium of communication influences the substance of communication. While PowerPoint, as a medium, did not ______ create unclear, lazy presentations, it certainly ______ and sometimes even masked them — with potentially deadly consequences. This is exactly what Tufte saw in the Columbia engineers’ slides.

Wired ran an excerpt (节选) from Tufte’s booklet in September 2003 under the headline “PowerPoint Is Evil.” A few months later, The New York Times Magazine included his assessment — summarized as “PowerPoint Makes You Dumb” — in its ______ of the year’s most important ideas. “Perhaps PowerPoint is uniquely suited to our modern age of confusion,” the entry read.

Despite the backlash it inspired in the ______, the presentation giant rolls on. The program has more monthly users than ever before, well into the hundreds of millions. During lockdown, people ______ PowerPoint parties on Zoom. Kids now make PowerPoint presentations for their parents when they want to get a puppy. If PowerPoint is evil, then evil ______ the world.

On its face at least, the idea that PowerPoint makes us stupid looks like a textbook case of misguided technological doomsaying. Today’s concerns about social media somehow resemble the PowerPoint critique. Both boil down to a worry that new media technologies ______ form over substance, that they are designed to hold our attention rather than to convey truth, and that they make us stupid.

______, concerns about new media rarely seem to make a difference. If the innovation did change the way we think, we are measuring its effects with an altered mind. Either the critical remarks were wrong, or they were so right that we can no longer tell the   ______.

1.
A.disappearedB.disintegratedC.distributedD.disappointed
2.
A.sideB.causeC.featureD.issue
3.
A.collectedB.unifiedC.droppedD.single
4.
A.discountedB.viewedC.accessedD.founded
5.
A.mutedB.absorbedC.buriedD.sunk
6.
A.technicalB.popularC.negativeD.special
7.
A.possiblyB.reasonablyC.ordinarilyD.necessarily
8.
A.accommodatedB.combinedC.distinguishedD.enhanced
9.
A.abstractB.repetitionC.reviewD.brief
10.
A.pressB.publicationC.mediaD.criticism
11.
A.openedB.createdC.threwD.jumped
12.
A.rulesB.harmonizesC.impactsD.roars
13.
A.featureB.encourageC.valueD.defend
14.
A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.CertainlyD.Surprisingly
15.
A.differenceB.truthC.timeD.concern
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在发展人工智能中可能会出现的各种偏见。

2 . Artificial intelligence (AI) has amazing potential to change the world, and we’ve only just begun to scratch the surface. As AI matures and people move further away from distinct programming and monitoring of systems, unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause _______ harm for individuals and society. This bias might _______ input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.

All too often, data sets are incomplete and the sample represented in the data set does not _______ the population that the AI model is making predictions about — this is known as coverage bias. Some other types of bias related to input data include sampling bias, where data is not collected randomly from the target group, and participation bias, where users from certain groups _______ surveys at different rates than users from other groups. Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong _______ belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives. This could lead one to more strongly _______ data that confirms a preexisting belief.

Bias resulting from AI algorithms themselves, or algorithmic bias, is equally _______. One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias, where data scientists _______ make associations or assumptions based on their mental models and memories that affect data modeling decisions. Implicit bias can _______ how data is collected and classified, or how systems are designed and developed. As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people. Ethical (道德的) AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods to ________ mistakes and inaccuracies.

To create ethical AI, companies need to put the ________ of the individual at the center of data innovation. This means thinking about ________ rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.

Having ________ data practices for AI means having good AI governance. This governance not only focuses on data and analytics but also understands the impacts of any given analysis and makes sure it’s ________ and accurate. Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency (透明性).

None of this will be easy, but true innovation never is. By coming together and working on the problem of bias now, before it becomes a(n) ________ force, businesses can help bring out the best AI has to offer the world.

1.
A.theoreticalB.psychologicalC.disproportionateD.unintended
2.
A.arise fromB.contribute toC.take overD.make up
3.
A.inspireB.matchC.protectD.restrict
4.
A.quitB.administerC.compareD.analyze
5.
A.distinctB.predictableC.originalD.widespread
6.
A.restoreB.implyC.missD.favor
7.
A.embarrassingB.dangerousC.relevantD.ridiculous
8.
A.intentionallyB.temporarilyC.automaticallyD.appropriately
9.
A.influenceB.helpC.attractD.predict
10.
A.admitB.defineC.addressD.publicize
11.
A.belongingsB.expressionsC.characteristicsD.needs
12.
A.civilB.digitalC.legalD.natural
13.
A.frequentB.responsibleC.peculiarD.graceful
14.
A.fairB.quickC.appealingD.adequate
15.
A.leadingB.innovativeC.culturalD.destructive
2022-06-23更新 | 994次组卷 | 3卷引用:07 Unit 4 Life and Technology 单元测试-2022-2023学年高中英语教学必备资料(上外版2020必修第三册)

3 . Whenever Michael Carl, the fashion market director at Vanity Fair, goes out to dinner with friends, he plays something called the phone pile game:Everyone places his __________ in the middle of the table;whoever looks at their device before the check arrives __________ for the dinner.

Brandon Holley, the former editor of Lucky magazine, had trouble __________ her mobile phone when she got home from work. So about six months ago, she began putting her phone into a milk tin the moment she walked in. It remains there until after dinner.

And Marc Jacobs, the fashion designer, didn’t want to sleep next to a noisy phone. So he __________ computers and phones from his bedroom, a house rule he __________ with audiences during a screening of his film Disconnect.

As smartphones continue to __________ into our lives, and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten our personal space even further, users say these disconnecting __________ are improving their relationships and their brains.

“Disconnecting is something that we all __________ , “Lesley M.M, Blume, a New York writer, told The New York Times. “The expectation that we must always be available to everyone creates a real problem in trying to __________ private time. But that private-time is more important than ever.”

A popular method for __________ is to choose a box for your cellphone, like Ms. Holley. “If my phone is lighting up, it’s still a distraction, so it goes in the __________ “she said.

Others choose new __________ . “No screens after 11 pm, “said Ari Melber, a TV host. “I found the evenings were more __________ , and I was sleeping better, “he said.

Sleep is a big factor, which is why Peter Som, a fashion designer, doesn’t”want to sleep __________ something that is full of photos and emails”, said Mr. Som, who keeps his phone charging in the living room overnight.”It __________ is a head-clearer.”

1.
A.walletB.handbagC.watchD.phone
2.
A.paysB.waitsC.preparesD.reaches
3.
A.examiningB.ignoringC.chargingD.finding
4.
A.bannedB.observedC.collectedD.adjusted.
5.
A.communicatedB.agreedC.dealtD.shared
6.
A.keep their wordB.make their wayC.take their timeD.fix their attention
7.
A.techniquesB.achievementsC.imagesD.appliances
8.
A.learnB.produceC.receiveD.need
9.
A.figure outB.take upC.set asideD.get over
10.
A.distributingB.entertainingC.monitoringD.disconnecting
11.
A.boxB.roomC.pocketD.bag
12.
A.gamesB.ordersC.sectionsD.rules
13.
A.urgentB.upsettingC.relaxingD.virtual
14.
A.ahead ofB.next toC.beyondD.within
15.
A.definitelyB.originallyC.scarcelyD.considerately
2020-05-01更新 | 334次组卷 | 1卷引用:牛津上海版 高二第一学期 Module 3 Unit 5 单元综合检测

4 . We love letters. Just as John Donne, a poet, _________ it, “Letters, to me and my friends mean _________ greetings; they get souls together. Thanks to letters, friends who are _________ speak.” He wrote these words nearly 400 years ago. Today, in the age of instant text message, social media, and email, they _________ ring truer than ever, because writing or receiving a letter has become such a _________ event.

A UK-wide survey undertaken by Sunday Times suggests that one in four of us has not _________ a letter for at least 10 years. That’s ten years without the bitter-sweet _________ of pacing the floor waiting for the _________; ten years without recognizing the handwriting on the envelope and eagerly _________ the letter to read its content.

We ____________ not get them any more, but we still love handwritten letters. In the same survey, one third of ____________ people interviewed say that they ____________ the content of sentimental (充满情感的) letters. Shouldn’t we make ____________ to give our friends and families what they will treasure forever? Ann Bickley went online in 2013 and offered to handwrite a letter to anyone who ____________ her. Her website received 50,000 ____________ in its first three months. Five years later, she is still the main ____________ behind one-million-lovely-letter.com and has personally written 4,000 letters offering hope and ____________ to strangers.

The thought behind a letter ____________ as much as its contents. “I never tell anyone that ____________ is going to be OK,” Ann Bickley says, “I am letting someone know that there is someone in the world who ____________ them.”

Who wouldn’t love to receive a letter like that? Let’s get writing!

1.
A.madeB.putC.helpedD.managed
2.
A.rather thanB.less thanC.more thanD.other than
3.
A.absentB.activeC.amusedD.admirable
4.
A.alsoB.yetC.alreadyD.still
5.
A.popularB.commonC.rareD.simple
6.
A.receivedB.sentC.writtenD.rejected
7.
A.successB.pleasureC.concernD.calmness
8.
A.engineerB.doctorC.policeD.postman
9.
A.seizingB.tearingC.hidingD.carrying
10.
A.canB.mustC.mayD.shall
11.
A.AmericanB.ChineseC.AustralianD.British
12.
A.forgetB.changeC.rememberD.notice
13.
A.moneyB.roomC.historyD.time
14.
A.contactedB.interviewedC.consultedD.admired
15.
A.guestsB.visitorsC.friendsD.partners
16.
A.forceB.strengthC.sourceD.energy
17.
A.effortB.comfortC.surpriseD.experience
18.
A.educatesB.guidesC.mattersD.rewards
19.
A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everything
20.
A.looks afterB.cares aboutC.struggles forD.agrees with
智能选题,一键自动生成优质试卷~

5 . Nowadays, I acknowledge that a revolution has occurred. That much has been ___ by having hand-held iPads or smart phones that allow us not only to communicate while on the _____ but also to reserve parking spaces, get weather reports, and _____ tell us where, at any given moment, we are standing on the planet Earth.

But I must acknowledge a _____. Conversation used to be surprisingly _____ to start. When I took a seat next to someone on a train, bus, or plane, the first thing I would do was _____ the person. Once the ice had been broken, the following chat _____ erupt naturally.

Time has changed, and the change has been _____. Recently, while I was _____ a long distance bus, I couldn't help but notice everyone was staring at their ______, clicking. I found an empty seat next to a middle-aged man and said "Morning" to him. He threw me a ______ and said "Morning". Then he returned to his ______. So I left him in his world.

I miss the ______ conversations with fellow travelers. One never knows what will be ______, and in fact, sometimes how ______ it will be. I was once on a ______ traveling from Iceland to Denmark. I noticed an old man looking out over the North Sea. "It's beautiful, isn't it?" I said. He turned to me,______, and we were soon chatting away. _____ I told him that I didn't know how I was going to get from the port in Denmark to my destination city. He ______,"Of course you know. I have a car and I'm going to ______ you there. "

1.
A.abandonedB.deliveredC.gainedD.released
2.
A.spotB.sceneC.runD.road
3.
A.basicallyB.preciselyC.brieflyD.randomly
4.
A.discoveryB.pleasureC.failureD.loss
5.
A.difficultB.easyC.comfortableD.important
6.
A.praiseB.greetC.watchD.respect
7.
A.aimed toB.happened toC.tended toD.required to
8.
A.strikingB.challengingC.touchingD.puzzling
9.
A.leavingB.visitingC.expectingD.boarding
10.
A.seatsB.baggageC.handsD.windows
11.
A.cigaretteB.smileC.glanceD.gesture
12.
A.bookB.newspaperC.musicD.cellphone
13.
A.politeB.casualC.frequentD.cautious
14.
A.exposedB.chosenC.doubtedD.preserved
15.
A.helpfulB.typicalC.suitableD.convenient
16.
A.shipB.trainC.planeD.bus
17.
A.repliedB.rejectedC.hesitatedD.nodded
18.
A.EventuallyB.ImmediatelyC.PurposelyD.Secretly
19.
A.respondedB.recognizedC.explainedD.suggested
20.
A.meetB.visitC.driveD.drop

6 . During the recent school holidays I was walking past a playground on my way to a meeting. The thing that _____ me was not the number of children _____ the fresh air on a pleasant Queensland winter day,but the number of older people _____ those children.

Sure,there were a few younger mums and dads,but there were _____ more“old folk”who I doubt were all grandparents. It is great that they are able to _____ quality time with their grandchildren. After all,we often hear people say that their _____   for retiring(退休)is that they can devote more time to their families. However,I _____ how many grandparents are spending their retirement years taking on the role of full-or part-time _____ of their grandchildren.

Retirement is a(n) _____ time. We are generally living much longer than our own grandparents did, but as we ______ we become more limited in our ability to pursue our own ______. However, what if your plans for pursuing some of these lifetime dreams are ______ out of a sense of ______ for your family?

So how can you keep a ______ balance between helping out your family and ______ your dreams altogether?I'm not sure where the answer lies,but having an open and honest ______ with your family should be at the top of the list. You need to nip any sense of duty in the bud(对……一开始即加以阻止)— and sooner ______ later.

By all means,help your family whenever you can. Everyone will ______ from it,and your grandchildren will get the rewards from staying with their ______. Do it because you want to,not because you feel you have to. ______ spare time for yourself to realize your dreams and ensure that nobody puts your retirement on hold.

1.
A.touchedB.attractedC.beatD.influenced
2.
A.smellingB.catchingC.enjoyingD.searching
3.
A.attending toB.looking toC.waiting forD.standing for
4.
A.clearlyB.hardlyC.formallyD.regularly
5.
A.wasteB.devoteC.spendD.save
6.
A.excuseB.chanceC.demandD.reason
7.
A.recognizeB.believeC.doubtD.wonder
8.
A.senseB.prideC.careD.advantage
9.
A.valuableB.favorableC.extraD.special
10.
A.growB.ageC.improveD.explore
11.
A.gloryB.favouriteC.developmentD.experience
12.
A.put outB.put awayC.put offD.put in
13.
A.responsibilityB.protectionC.pleasureD.safety
14.
A.healthyB.fineC.naturalD.correct
15.
A.losingB.imaginingC.realizingD.announcing
16.
A.organizationB.conversationC.discussionD.relationship
17.
A.rather thanB.other thanC.more thanD.less than
18.
A.sufferB.recoverC.learnD.benefit
19.
A.parentsB.peersC.eldersD.teachers
20.
A.HoweverB.InsteadC.BesidesD.Therefore
共计 平均难度:一般