【推荐1】Concerns about the harm caused by “too much” screen time—particularly when it is spent on social media—are widespread. But working out what a “healthy” ___ might be is far from easy.

Some negative experiences on social media—like ____ how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in ____ is harmful and it is difficult to make claims about how it will affect different people.

Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on children’s ____ comfort, including happiness, mental health and social life. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a more ____ effect.

The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to ____ comfort—possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships. ____, among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some screen time could be good for children’s mental health.

A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the story is not ____. An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually ____ the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater ____ of friendship or emotional problems.

So how much time should our children spend looking at screens? It is difficult to be ____ as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people ____ that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the person and the amount. We would not ____ trust anyone who claims to predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for ____ usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very ___ predictions are possible.

1.

A．amount

B．comparison

C．experience

D．medium

2.

A．accounting for

B．boasting of

C．commenting on

D．worrying about

3.

A．general

B．particular

C．private

D．public

4.

A．domestic

B．material

C．physical

D．psychological

5.

A．complex

B．dramatic

C．harmless

D．predictable

6.

A．improved

B．maximum

C．relative

D．small

7.

A．As a rule

B．In contrast

C．On the whole

D．Worse still

8.

A．convincing

B．definite

C．probable

D．true

9.

A．estimating

B．experiencing

C．reducing

D．tracing

10.

A．connection

B．power

C．promotion

D．risk

11.

A．balanced

B．independent

C．precise

D．subjective

12.

A．agree

B．forget

C．object

D．remember

13.

A．equally

B．readily

C．reluctantly

D．weakly

14.

A．emotion therapy

B．social media

C．TV broadcasting

D．video game

15.

A．confident

B．optimistic

C．rough

D．wild

【推荐3】Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of_________is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple___________of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have___________where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very___________to have our views challenged by other members of society.

Face to face___________is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the___________factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous___________growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has_________advanced imprinting, telecommunications photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission (传输) and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed(侵蚀) by international news.

No longer is the possession of information___________toa privileged minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed______________, but today there are public libraries. For years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a programme that is being______________into millions of homes.

Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modern communication industry______________the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing____________to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.

Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very______________to the individual and to the society of which he is part, the vast modern network of communications is open to abuse(滥用).______________, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.

1.

A．communicating

B．delivering

C．addressing

D．exchanging

2.

A．ideas

B．explanation

C．solutions

D．means

3.

A．conversation

B．concentrate

C．attempts

D．interruptions

4.

A．reluctantly

B．likely

C．absolutely

D．suddenly

5.

A．contact

B．occasion

C．feedback

D．reactions

6.

A．challenging

B．dominating

C．attracting

D．improving

7.

A．grown

B．increase

C．approval

D．invention

8.

A．come through

B．resulted from

C．led to

D．brought in

9.

A．given

B．restricted

C．opposed

D．guaranteed

10.

A．fortunate

B．visible

C．hopeful

D．respectable

11.

A．channeled

B．bought

C．applied

D．transformed

12.

A．influences

B．provides

C．corrects

D．protects

13.

A．guidance

B．access

C．movement

D．reception

14.

A．considerable

B．impressive

C．valuable

D．available

15.

A．In addition

B．For example

C．Therefore

D．However

【推荐1】The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn't an either/or proposition(命题) , although the current _________ preparing young Americans for STEM(science, technology, engineering, math)-related fields can make it seem that way.

The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of _________ training, but also maintains that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America's _________ system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and _________ the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.

Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education _________ about graduates' job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s _________ to look for what may appear to be the most “practical”way out. Major in a subject designed to get you a/an _________ seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success _________. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a _________ education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.

__________, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be __________. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight -- __________ from science, arts, and technology -- to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.

In May 1780, John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail expressing his hopes for the progress of the American experiment. “I must study Politics and War so that my sons may have __________ to study Mathematics and Philosophy. My Sons ought to study Mathematics and Philosophy, Geography, Architecture, Commerce and Agriculture, in order to give their Children a right to study Painting, Poetry and Music.” What Adams was really expressing was that a country must have a sufficient level of __________, stability and security before large numbers of its citizens can engage in pursuits __________ than the basic struggle for survival. Despite our economic difficulties, the U.S. is a wealthy nation. We have the capacity to create and maintain an educational system that trains students in science, math, history, art and other disciplines, at the very highest level.

1.

A．drain on

B．objection to

C．advantage over

D．emphasis on

2.

A．extensive

B．intensive

C．literate

D．technical

3.

A．education

B．workforce

C．economic

D．political

4.

A．compete with

B．benefit from

C．equal to

D．delight in

5.

A．think

B．talk

C．worry

D．inquire

6.

A．natural

B．ridiculous

C．amazing

D．disturbing

7.

A．skill

B．job

C．title

D．advantage

8.

A．in the long run

B．in the right position

C．in practical terms

D．in great need

9.

A．hard-won

B．broadly-based

C．science-oriented

D．well-chosen

10.

A．Rather

B．Still

C．Therefore

D．Moreover

11.

A．active

B．precise

C．flexible

D．critical

12.

A．picked up

B．referred to

C．put up

D．passed on

13.

A．liberty

B．qualification

C．vision

D．vigor

14.

A．knowledge

B．insight

C．wealth

D．commitment

15.

A．more logical

B．less instrumental

C．broader

D．easier

【推荐3】The closer one studies the gig economy (灰色经济), the less fun it sounds. Those who make their living this way, generally___________ app-based platforms that match consumer needs with workers who can fulfil them are ___________ being in uncertain employment.

Bodies such as the International Labor Organization characterize this kind of employment as mostly low-paid and ___________, in which workers enjoy very few social, organizational and___________ rights and protections.

Attention is turning to the health and well-being of this fast-growing workforce, which ___________ about 1.3m in the U.K.One academic is even calling for a “Gig-hall” study — similar to the landmark Whitehall ___________ into the health of civil servants.

Those studies, conducted over three decades by Sir Michael Marmot, demonstrated the ___________ between socio-economic status and health, a correlation that became known as “status syndrome”. Senior civil servants enjoyed lower _____________ of death and heart disease than lowlier employees, a difference partly ascribed to (把……归功于……) autonomy (自主权) at work.

The_____________ of powerlessness that afflicts (折磨，使痛苦) many in the gig economy — according to one survey, only four out of 10 gig workers (零工) feel like they are their own__________________ — suggests that health problems may be brewing in this sizeable slice of workforce.

One study on the Italian workforce, published last year in Social Science and Medicine, suggests that those on __________________ contracts are more likely to use prescription medication for mental health conditions such as __________________ (although the reverse is also likely to be true, that pre-existing ill health leads to more irregular employment).

__________________ not specifically about the gig economy, the authors, from the universities of Brunel and Milan, conclude that the __________________ to make labour markets more flexible might prove ill for the psychological well-being of workers.

Gig work is often conducted privately, in cars and homes, from bicycles and motorbikes, instead of from a __________________workplace, so basic hazards, such as fatigue associated with long hours, can go unnoticed.

1.

A．reflecting on

B．working for

C．getting along

D．serving with

2.

A．regarded as

B．defined as

C．related to

D．involved in

3.

A．insane

B．innocent

C．insecure

D．inventive

4.

A．legal

B．progressive

C．ambitious

D．miserable

5.

A．counts

B．numbers

C．predicts

D．forecasts

6.

A．problems

B．workers

C．studies

D．needs

7.

A．thread

B．clue

C．role

D．link

8.

A．situation

B．rates

C．case

D．position

9.

A．display

B．sense

C．awareness

D．expression

10.

A．mate

B．boss

C．worker

D．supervisor

11.

A．permanent

B．momentary

C．casual

D．temporary

12.

A．flu

B．diabete

C．stroke

D．depression

13.

A．As

B．Because

C．Therefore

D．While

14.

A．initiative

B．drive

C．inspiration

D．ambition

15.

A．tricky

B．enjoyable

C．shared

D．lovable

【推荐1】A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak _________ and I practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to _________ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.

I study and write about resilience (复原力), and I’m noticing a(n)_________ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should _________, however, they are crushed by self-blame.

We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from _________. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular: a _________ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.

Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for _________ will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not _________ help everyone.

One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a _________ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. __________, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can __________ physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the __________ goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (炎症) linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.

The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them to __________ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way，we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what __________ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least __________ it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.

1.

A．coolness

B．fitness

C．goodness

D．readiness

2.

A．control

B．change

C．adjust

D．celebrate

3.

A．amusing

B．inspiring

C．troubling

D．touching

4.

A．apply

B．approve

C．appreciate

D．accomplish

5.

A．disbelief

B．disagreement

C．discovery

D．discomfort

6.

A．bright

B．false

C．general

D．flexible

7.

A．virtue

B．ability

C．effort

D．status

8.

A．originally

B．obviously

C．necessarily

D．regularly

9.

A．choice

B．command

C．display

D．lack

10.

A．Instead

B．Otherwise

C．Therefore

D．However

11.

A．result from

B．apply for

C．associate with

D．lead to

12.

A．immoral

B．impersonal

C．impossible

D．impolite

13.

A．challenge

B．accept

C．assess

D．inquire

14.

A．plainly

B．probably

C．immediately

D．actually

15.

A．exhibit

B．expect

C．establish

D．recognize

【推荐2】If you're going to do something，my dad used to say，do it right.

Mostly he said that after my half－hearted(不尽力的)____to weed the vegetable garden. For some reason，he knew that there were white roots still___deep in the ground without looking around the garden. So I would be in the___again the next day with a spade dig deep and___the roots of our garden. As I tried to focus my   attention on___，Dad's words kept echoing in my mind：“Do it right.”

I saw a perfect example of what Dad was talking about last week when one of the teams in the company was __.All of us were sad to see them go. They were good friends and___，and we worried about them. And___，at such times you always wonder：Am I next?

But as we watched them during the week they were given to___，many of us noticed that they weren't handling this in quite the way we expected them to.____none of them found another job，there was also no bitterness or ___in their departure. I didn't hear a negative word. I didn't see any____or unhappy faces－at least，not from them. Instead，I saw grace.

“It's____，” one of my colleagues whispered.“I went over there to offer comfort and support to them，and they____comforting me.”

Ancient Greeks believed that swans save their sweetest song for the moments to their____. I don't know if my departing friends____their ending as a “swan song” or not，but the calm，quiet dignity with which they embraced their cruel reality touched and____us.

Lee，a man who has seen and____lots of lay－offs during almost 40 up－and－down，on－again－off－again years with the company，____nicely for all of us.

“Now，that's doing it right，” he said.

Somewhere，I just know Dad was smiling his____.

1.

A．attempts

B．judgments

C．expectations

D．requests

2.

A．planted

B．buried

C．grown

D．stuck

3.

A．house

B．school

C．garden

D．company

4.

A．look forward to

B．come up with

C．fit in with

D．get down to

5.

A．watching

B．thinking

C．digging

D．working

6.

A．turned down

B．laid off

C．cut down

D．given up

7.

A．competitors

B．colleagues

C．directors

D．consultants

8.

A．frankly

B．naturally

C．equally

D．generally

9.

A．hurry up

B．turn up

C．pack up

D．come up

10.

A．Since

B．When

C．Unless

D．While

11.

A．sadness

B．puzzle

C．anger

D．delight

12.

A．tears

B．smiles

C．dangers

D．fears

13.

A．upsetting

B．exciting

C．disappointing

D．amazing

14.

A．objected to

B．insisted on

C．ended up

D．kept on

15.

A．birth

B．death

C．arrival

D．party

16.

A．view

B．recognize

C．choose

D．describe

17.

A．discouraged

B．warned

C．inspired

D．amused

18.

A．celebrated

B．witnessed

C．resisted

D．survived

19.

A．made up

B．summed up

C．picked up

D．sped up

20.

A．disagreement

B．indifference

C．admiration

D．approval

【推荐3】I was cycling and noticed a person, about a quarter of a kilometer in front of me. I could tell he was cycling a little slower than me and decided to try to _______ him. I had about a kilometer to go on the road _______ turning off.

So I _______ cycling faster and faster and every _______ I was gaining on him just a little bit. After just a few minutes I was only about 100 yards _______ him, so I really picked up the pace and _______ myself You would have _______ I was cycling in the last section of London Olympic triathlon.

_______,I caught up with him and passed him by. On the inside I felt so _______.I beat him, of course, but he didn't even know we were __________ .

After I passed him, I __________ that I had been so focused on competing against him that I had __________ my turn. I had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around and go all the way back.

Isn't that what happens in life when we __________ competing with co-workers, neighbors, and friends, trying to __________ that we are more successful or more important? We spend our time and ____________ chasing after them and we miss out on our own __________ to our future.

The __________ of unhealthy competition is that it's a never-ending ____________, because there will__________ be somebody ahead of you, someone   with a better job, more money and more education, etc.

Therefore, just take what life has given you, your height, weight and personality. Stay focused and live a healthy life. There's no __________in life. Run your own race and wish others well!

1.

A．follow

B．catch

C．remind

D．grasp

2.

A．before

B．after

C．unless

D．when

3.

A．stopped

B．enjoyed

C．started

D．regretted

4.

A．way

B．block

C．step

D．time

5.

A．apart from

B．above

C．ahead of

D．behind

6.

A．protected

B．pushed

C．supported

D．comforted

7.

A．thought

B．remembered

C．dreamt

D．hoped

8.

A．Fortunately

B．Finally

C．Surprisingly

D．Apparently

9.

A．calm

B．lucky

C．astonished

D．good

10.

A．racing

B．exercising

C．celebrating

D．cycling

11.

A．believed

B．expected

C．realized

D．understood

12.

A．escaped

B．missed

C．made

D．lost

13.

A．worry about

B．care for

C．depend on

D．focus on

14.

A．prove

B．declare

C．explain

D．inform

15.

A．tears

B．money

C．energy

D．pain

16.

A．paths

B．entrances

C．plans

D．barriers

17.

A．task

B．difficulty

C．problem

D．goal

18.

A．movement

B．cycle

C．event

D．routine

19.

A．never

B．often

C．sometimes

D．always

20.

A．mistake

B．competition

C．pressure

D．challenge