1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Over the centuries, farmers     1     (discover) thousands of different species of food crops. Each species has special qualities. To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy     2    (produce) in large numbers. Meanwhile thousands of other species are becoming extinct. For example, in China, 90 percent of the wheat     3     (vary) grown just a century ago have disappeared.

One solution     4     this problem is to collect and preserve the seeds of as many different species as we can     5     they disappear. This idea     6     (suggest) for the first time by Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov. In     7     1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400,000 seeds from five continents. There are now around 1,700 seed banks in countries around the world. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, which preserves almost one million seed samples, has one of the     8     (large) collections.

In the US, Diane Ott Whealy and her husband founded Heritage Farm, a place     9     people can store and trade seeds. By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace     10     haven’t been grown for years.

4 . Will printed newspapers disappear one day? It’s quite possible. Here are some reasons.

First of all, printed newspapers aren’t the only way to get information. You can find the same information on the Internet. Besides, you can read a lot of information online for free, which makes the Internet even more attractive.

Lots of people are becoming Internet users and most of Internet users read news online. For example, I usually get new information about events that happen in the world by reading short messages on Twitter. As far as I know, students in our university hardly read newspapers. One can argue that older generations may have been used to reading printed newspapers and do not want to change anything, but research proves the opposite. According to a study, the number of Internet users aged between 70 and 75 has increased greatly within four years. This fact sounds strange, but some of Internet users are over 73 years old.

Where do newspapers get their money? The answer is “advertisers”. It is quite expensive especially when you have a lot of other opportunities. Online advertisements are becoming more and more popular. It is good to both sides because it is easier to track (追踪) how many clicks have been made on this link than to find out how many people have actually read a newspaper and paid attention to advertisements.

Also, printed newspapers are not environmentally friendly. They need tons of wood, lots of electricity and many delivery (运输) ways to produce and transport the papers.

1. The first reason for the possibility of printed newspapers’ disappearance in the near future is that_________.

A．newspapers are not available to everyone.

B．newspapers is the only source of information.

C．the news in the printed newspapers is very boring.

D．the Internet provides a lot of the same information free of charge.

2. What does the author want to show by mentioning the study in Paragraph 3?

A．Old people also love new things.

B．Newspapers are losing their aged readers.

C．More old people are used to reading newspapers.

D．Old people are willing to change their bad habits.

3. Which is not the reason why printed newspapers may disappear one day?

A．They are not good for the environment.

B．They are cheaper and cheaper because of the Internet.

C．An increasing number of people become Internet users and read news online.

D．Advertisers prefer online advertisements because it is easier to track how many clicks have been made.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．How people read news today.	B．Why the Internet is important.
C．Why printed newspapers may die away.	D．How people get information today.

5 . If having to make a choice between reading an e-book and a printed book, which would most people choose? Some would go for an e-book while some still prefer the hard-printed book.

Undoubtedly, e-books do have benefits. Firstly, changes to an electronic publication are relatively easy to make. They are quicker to obtain. E-books are more easily updated. The printed books on many subjects can become outdated very quickly. Secondly, e-books can be easily and quickly kept up to date. You usually get far more than just the e-books. Most e-books are sold with bonuses and related information that usually do not come with the purchase of a printed book. Moreover, they take up less space. Instead of a big library, you can fit literally thousands of books on your computer. It also makes it easier to share this information with families and friends.

For nearly twenty years, additionally, futurists have been predicting the development of printed books. The conventional view has been that digital e-books are on the verge of replacing paper books. However, this has not been the case. A printed book has its advantages too. Firstly, it is an object that can be carried and used alone. It needs no electric outlet (插座), no batteries, nothing. Secondly, e-books will always require some forms of support that the printed book does not need.

I believe that the online publishing has not taken off because people want real books. What is being published online more and more are pamphlets (小册子) and things that really do not need to be in print. These are stuff that people throw away afterward. More often, people do not want to read a book on the computer. What could be better than a paper book? It lasts a long time. These books are designed to last a long time without disappearing.

To sum up, there is no denying that the printed book is still very much preferred over its digital cousins. Reading electronic publications is just not the same when it comes to books. People are still very interested in real books and notebooks.

1. What can we know about an e-book?

A．It will never be out of date.	B．It always gives you an added bonus.
C．It can deliver information quickly.	D．It has taken the place of printed books.

2. Which statement would futurists probably agree with?

A．Printed books will disappear.	B．Printed books can be used alone.
C．E-books have many restrictions.	D．E-books have no drawbacks.

3. What is one cause of the failed online publishing?

A．The low demand for book industry.	B．The expectations from people.
C．The guidance of policy.	D．The desire for the printed books.

4. What does the author think of the future of the printed book?

A．Hopeless.

B．Unpredictable.

C．Costly.

D．Promising.

6 . The world's consumption of fashion is huge. To give just one example, the European Union imported almost 29 billion worth of clothing in 2015. As consumption has risen, prices have fallen. Today, a hand-finished shirt may cost as little as five euros. To make clothes at these low prices,companies have to keep costs down. One way they do this is by using offshore production, that is, to outsource(外包)the production to developing countries like Egypt or Cambodia,where workers are paid much less than in developed countries.

Some experts, like the economist David Schneider, say that outsourcing benefits local economies by providing jobs at higher wages than local workers can make by working in agriculture.Supporters also point out that people in developing countries often line up to take jobs in multinational factories. While this is true, one study of 15 countries found that textile workers earned less than 40 % of the money they needed to live on each month. In some countries, this figure is even lower. Also, most workers are paid by the piece. This means they might earn only a few cents for making a dress which sells for hundreds of euros in Europe. Such low wages are wing and unfair.

Supporters of outsourcing also claim that overseas factories have become safer and more moral in recent years. But working conditions in many offshore factories remain uncomfortable and unsafe.Worker protection laws often don't exist or are not followed. As a result, workers are exposed to chemicals, dust and unsafe levels of noise from sewing machines, Moreover, factory buildings are often unsafe, and horrible accidents happen.

In conclusion, although supporters of outsourcing provide a number of convincing arguments, in my opinion, these do not justify the low wages and dangerous conditions found in many overseas factories. If multinationals are going to continue to benefit from low production costs by using overseas suppliers, I believe they should contribute a much larger share of their massive profits to correcting these problems and improving social conditions in the countries where they are located.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．The popularity of outsourcing.

B．The way to make shirts at low costs.

C．The interpretation of offshore production.

D．The author's opinion on the world's consumption.

2. What will economist David Schneider probably agree with?

A．Overseas factories guarantee safety.

B．Outsourcing promotes local employment.

C．It's wrong to offer workers low wages.

D．Worker protection laws should he made.

3. What does "these" in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A．Arguments.	B．Supporters.
C．Multinationals.	D．Conditions.

4. What is the author's attitude towards outsourcing?

A．Sympathetic.	B．Positive.
C．Reserved.	D．Critical.

8 . Samuel Baron, a student at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, has traded his 55.7㎡Edmonton apartment for a 23㎡micro-flat downtown. He was determined to live closer to Vancouver’s city center and cut out his transport expenses. He achieved both, but the trade-off was space. “Between work and school, I am rarely home,”said Baron. “My suite functions as a place to simply store my possessions, and for sleeping, because I live in a neighborhood that has plenty of coffee shops, restaurants and pubs. My neighborhood functions as my living room , blurring the lines between public space and private space.”

The tiny house movement has been on the rise. Driven by housing shortage and an affordability crisis in cities across the globe, these micro-suites are being planned and promoted by developers. These living spaces of less than 46.5㎡are becoming popular with entry-level income groups and young people who want to be close to urban conveniences, job opportunities and city life in places like New York, Paris and Vancouver. A report from Neilsen, a consumer research company, showed 40% of Americans between the age of 18 and 36 prefer to live in urban areas instead of the suburbs. However, the trend doesn’t just apply to young people. Many empty nesters have been selling their houses in the suburbs to buy a place in the city.

Rising house prices in big cities have squeezed many homebuyers out of the market. The average price of a new home in Toronto is $733,578; in London it’s $794,549. However, the demand for affordable accommodation near work is endless in cities where land is limited. Thus the micro-flat offers an affordable alternative.

New York City opened a pioneer project called My Micro NY at the end of 2015. “We have built to optimize every inch of space inside, so there is no unused room,” said Tobias Oriwol, the building’s project manger. Similar projects are being developed in the UK and Canada, too.

1. The example of Samuel Baron is used mainly to ________ .

A．show his habits	B．draw a conclusion
C．introduce a topic	D．show his colorful life

2. What factors lead to the popularity of micro-flats according to the text?

A．The growing young population and rising living costs.

B．Housing shortages and the growing ageing population.

C．Urban conveniences, housing shortages and rising house prices.

D．An affordability crisis, urban conveniences and the growing population.

3. What does the underlined word “optimize” in Para. 4 mean?

A．Limit.	B．Decorate.
C．Set aside.	D．Make full use of.

4. What would be discussed in the following paragraph?

A．Price controls on the housing market.

B．Examples of micro-flats in other areas.

C．Why many old people prefer micro-flats.

D．How to find affordable micro-flats near work.

9 . Can you write the Chinese characters “ganga” (embarrassment) correctly? Do you know how to write characters like “gala” (the corner of walls)? If you can’t, you are not alone. “Now most people are typing into computers instead of writing on paper. We type Chinese characters mainly according to their pronunciation. The result is to recognize characters without remembering how to write them. China Youth Daily did a survey of 2,517 people, in which 90 percent said they had once forgotten how to write a common Chinese character.

Compared to adults, teenagers are better at writing Chinese characters because they spend more time learning and practicing at school. However, the influence of digital (数字的) technology cannot be left out, according to He Yu, head of a research team for Chinese teaching.

“Many students lose themselves in digital tools such as mobile phones and computers, they spent too much time on these tools. As a result, too much use of the tools will make students too lazy to think and write.” he said. Such worries have brought about a popular TV show titled Chinese Spelling Hero, which pays attention to Chinese character writing among teenagers.

In April, the Ministry of Education called for better calligraphy (书法) education in schools. Organizations like the China Calligraphy Association are also working to train more teachers in calligraphy. Interestingly, calligraphy teachers can’t always avoid the influence of modern technology. Shen Bin is a calligraphy teacher at a primary school in Beijing. She said that it’s common for teachers like her to forget certain words. “The calligraphy class is also a good chance for me to remember how to write.” she said.

1. We type Chinese characters mainly according to their ______.

A．spelling

B．pronunciation

C．meaning

D．shape

2. Why are teenagers better at writing Chinese characters than adults?

A．They have a good memory.

B．They play mobile phones less.

C．They know more ways in learning Chinese characters.

D．They study and write Chinese characters for a long time.

3. Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Calligraphy teachers are not influenced by modern technology at all.

B．Adults are better at writing Chinese characters than teenagers.

C．Students will be too lazy to think and write if they use the digital tools too much.

D．The TV show Chinese Spelling Hero pays attention to Chinese writing among adults.

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

An article describing the attitude of post-1990s generations toward life has     1     ( recent ) become popular on Chinese social media. By using the phrase “ Buddha-like   youngsters ”（佛系青年）, the author     2     ( show ) that some of the post-90s generations have seen through life and kept     3     casual and calm attitude toward life. “They have become more casual and cared     4     ( little ) about life’s choices.”

“It is fine to have something or not, there is no need to fight for or win anything, and they are easy     5     ( satisfy ),” says the article. A classic example is that Buddha-like youngsters do not care about     6     ( choose ) what to eat or where to spend a holiday.

The phrase has been received well by netizens    7     it was first created. The original Wechat post has been read more than one million     8     ( time ) and then read more than 60 million on Sina Weibo till now.     9     ( it ) sudden appearance and quick popularity show that the post-90s generations are under great pressure. “ We should pay attention     10    their needs and create a suitable environment for them to develop,” says Xu Hua, professor of the School of Sociology and Political Science of Anhui University.