1 . Crude oil (原油) taken from fields in Alaska's North Slope near Prudhoe Bay is carried by tube to the port of Valdez. From there it is shipped by tanker to the West Coast of the United States. Just after midnight on March24, 1989,the Exxon Valdez, a tanker more than three football fields long, went off course in Prince William Sound near Valdez and hit rocks underwater. About 42 million liters of oil poured out from several slices in the ship, creating the worst escape of oil ever in the U. s. waters.
In 1990，the National Transportation Safety Board NTSB) found the captain of the tanker guilty of drinking before sailing and of leaving the bridge and turning over the ship to an inexperienced and tired third mate. The NTSB ruled that the accident was the result of drinking of the captain, an overworked crew member, and inadequate traffic control by the Coast Guard.
In the early 1970s, conservationists said that a large, damaging oil escape would occur in these dangerous waters containing hidden rocks and frequented by icebergs and violent storms. They urged that Alaskan oil be brought to the lower 48 states by tube over land to reduce potential damage.
Officials of Alyeska, a company formed by the seven oil companies taking oil from Alaska's North Slope, said that a tube would take too long to build and that a large escape of oil was " highly unlikely". They assured Congress that they would be at the scene of any accident within five hours and have enough equipment and trained people to clean up any spill. However, when the S4-ilion Valdez leak occurred, Alyeska and Exxon officials did too little too late.
In the early 1970s, Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton told Congress that all oil tankers using Alaskan waters would have double hulls( 船体). Later, under pressure from oil companies, the requirement was dropped. After the disaster,the oil industry had much to answer for. The accident led to an international push for double-hulled oil tankers.What if the Exxon Valdez had a double hull?
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．The consequence of drunk sailing. |
| B．The cause of the Valdez accident. |
| C．The responsibility of the captain. |
| D．The role of the Coast Guard in the accident. |
| A．building an oil tube to save delivery time |
| B．stopping shipping oil in dangerous waters |
| C．bringing Alaskan oil to the lower 48 states |
| D．making full preparations for any oil escape |
| A．The Exxon Valdez had a double dull. |
| B．Morton worked for an oil company. |
| C．The accident might be preventable. |
| D．Oil companies favored the requirement. |
| A．Valdez: The Predicted Oil Leak |
| B．Alyeska: Lessons Not Learnt |
| C．The Oil Accident: Who to Blame |
| D．The Valdez Disaster: What to Remember |
A great fire has destroyed the medieval（中世纪的）cathedral(大教堂)of Notre-Dame in Paris, one of France's
No other site represents France like Notre-Dame, which
The three large rose windows
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
Last Sunday I see a traffic accident on my way home. Two taxis what held no passengers crashed into each other about ten meter away. I went up and found the two drivers bad injured. They were trapped in the taxis. And they were bled. Luckily, they were saved on time. That was because people came to help them and called a police and an ambulance. It was clear that the taxi drivers hurried take more passengers so they drove too fast. They should have been cared more about the safety of both others and them.
4 . Time flies, but the tracks of time remain in books and museums. This is what made a recent tragedy in Brazil even more terrible.
On Sept.2, a big fire ripped through the National Museum of Brazil. “ Two hundred years of work, research and knowledge were lost, ” Brazilian President Michel Temer wrote on Twitter after the fire. “It's a sad day for all Brazilians.”
Most of the 20 million pieces of history are believed to have been destroyed. Only as little as 10 percent of the collection may have survived, Time reported. Among all the items, there were Egyptian mummies, the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long－necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus, and an 11,500－year－old skull called Luzia, which was considered one of South America's oldest human fossils.
Besides these, Brazil's indigenous(本土的，土著的) knowledge also suffered. The museum housed world－famous collections of indigenous objects, as well as many audio recordings of local languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.
“The tragedy this Sunday is a sort of national suicide, a crime against our past and future generations,” Bernard Mello Franco, one of Brazil's best－known columnists, wrote on the O Globo newspaper site.
The cause of the fire is still unknown, as BBC News reported on Sept. 3. After the fire burned out, crowds protested outside the museum to show their anger at the loss of the irreplaceable items of historical value.
According to Emilio Bruna, an ecologist at the University of Florida, museums are living, breathing stores of who we are and where we've come from, and the world around us.
Just as underwater grass floats on the surface if it loses its roots, a nation is lost without its memories. The fire at the National Museum of Brazil teaches the world an important lesson: We should never neglect history.
1. What can be summarized as the main idea of the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?| A．Long history of South America. | B．Remains from the fire. |
| C．Mysteries to be solved. | D．History and knowledge burned up. |
| A．The government is to blame for the tragedy. |
| B．The museum should be rebuilt |
| C．The loss can't be made up for. |
| D．The criminal should be sentenced to death. |
| A．Living stores of our past. | B．Underwater grass. |
| C．The oldest fossils. | D．National suicide. |
| A．Death of a civilization | B．Functions of museums |
| C．Gone with the fire | D．Brazilians' memories |
