1 . First aid is a crucial aspect of healthcare that can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness. Knowing when to use first aid is essential so that proper measures are taken promptly.
Injuries and Accidents
One of the most common instances where first aid is required is in injuries and accidents.
Cardiac Arrest (心脏停跳)
Another critical situation where first aid can make a difference is during a cardiac arrest. A cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops functioning; immediate intervention is necessary.
Choking and Suffocation (窒息)
Choking and suffocation are emergencies that can occur at any time, and immediate intervention is necessary to prevent further complications. If someone is choking, it is essential to act quickly.
When to use first aid can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness.
A.In any emergency, it is essential to remain calm. |
B.This can include cuts, burns, falls, sprains, and other unpleasant injuries. |
C.If someone has taken a poisonous substance, calling emergency services. |
D.Perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to force out the object causing the obstruction. |
E.Bleeding and overdose are medical emergencies that require immediate attention. |
F.This blog post will discuss when to use first aid and the importance of early intervention. |
G.Blood circulation (血液循环) and oxygen supply to vital organs should be restored immediately. |
2 . One day, Lisa Holman told her family she would be out that night visiting her friend, only about half an hour drive from her house. So it was not alarming as the night grew on and she did not arrive home. As 11 pm passed, her family began to worry. They called her but did not get any answer. They then reached out to Lisa's friend, who said Lisa had left to drive home at 9 that night.
The family thought about calling the police that evening but the police typically don't define a person missing unless there is no contact for 24 hours. The next morning there was still no sign of Lisa. All the family could do was sit home and wait. Lisa's son decided to drive along Lisa's route and carefully look for her. He found Lisa's car had crashed into a tree. What's worse,there was no sign of Lisa at all.
The family called the police. The police began their search. But due to the heavy rain the search team was called back. The family was very disappointed but still hopeful and continued the search 700 feet from Lisa's car, they finally found Lisa under a rock.
After a few days in hospital, Lisa recovered. She explained that she passed out after her car slid off the road in the rain. After she came to herself, Lisa managed to climb out of the car. While walking to find help, Lisa was exhausted and unable to figure out the direction. So she couldn't walk on and climbed under a rock as it started raining again. Scared as she was, she turned to her faith in hopes of living to see her son again.
1. When should Lisa arrive home after visiting her friend?A.About 9 pm. | B.About 9: 30 pm. |
C.About 11 pm. | D.The next morning. |
A.The police usually refused to come at night. |
B.The heavy rain had blocked all the roads up. |
C.They thought Lisa would come back herself. |
D.They had been out of touch with Lisa for less than a day. |
A.The friend she had visiteD. | B.A hiking team passing by. |
C.The police search team. | D.Lisa's family. |
A.She was lost. | B.Her legs were badly injured. |
C.She was locked in her car. | D.She was caught by heavy rain, |
3 . Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying.
Brace yourself for impact (撞击力). As soon as you're aware that you're going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle, so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the “ten and two” position.
Undo your seat belt.
Break the window. If you aren’t able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, you’ll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counterintuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car.
Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival.
A.Open the window as soon as you hit the water. |
B.Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think. |
C.It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually. |
D.Such accidents are particularly dangerous due to the risk of drowning. |
E.In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you will be safe. |
F.This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic. |
G.But the sooner the window is open, the sooner you can escape directly through it. |
4 . Joanne was stuck in a traffic jam in central Birmingham at 5:30, and at 6:30 she was expected to be chairing a meeting of the tennis club. At last, the traffic was moving. She swung quickly racing to her house. As she opened the door, she nearly tripped over Sheba.
“Hey, Sheba,” she said, “I’ve got no time for you now, but I’ll take you out as soon as I get back from tennis club.” Then she noticed Sheba seemed to be coughing or choking. Obviously, she could hardly breathe. Immediately, Joanne realized she would have to take her to the vet (兽医). When she got there, the vet was just about to close for the day. Seeing the state of Sheba, Dr. Sterne brought her quickly into his office.
“Listen, doctor, I’m really in a rush to get to a meeting-can I leave her with you, and go and get changed? I’ll be back in ten minutes to pick her up, and then I’ll take her on to the meeting with me. Is that OK?”
“Sure,” said the doctor.
Joanne made the quick trip back to her house in a couple of minutes. As she was once more entering the hallway, the phone by the door began to ring.
“This is Dr. Sterne,” said an anxious voice. “I want you to get out of that house immediately,” said the doctor’s voice. “I’m coming round fight away, and the police will be there any time now. Wait outside!”
At that moment, a police car screeched to a stop outside the house. Two policemen got out and ran into the house. Joanne was by now completely confused and very frightened. Then the doctor arrived.
“Where’s Sheba? Is she OK?” shouted Joanne.
“She’s free, Joanne. I took out the thing which was choking her, and she’s OK now.”
Just then, the two policemen reappeared from the house, half-carrying a white-faced man, who could hardly walk. There was blood all over him.
“My God,” said Joanne, “how did he get in there? And how did you know he was there?”
“I think he must be a burglar,” said the doctor. “I knew he was there because when I finally removed what was stuck in Sheba’s throat; it turned out to be three human fingers.”
1. What was Joanne supposed to do at 6: 30?A.To walk her dog. | B.To see her doctor. |
C.To attend a club meeting. | D.To play tennis with her friends. |
A.to dress up for the meeting |
B.to phone the police station |
C.to catch the badly hurt burglar |
D.to wait for her dog to be cured |
A.Sheba fought against the burglar |
B.the police found the burglar had broken in |
C.Joanne had planned to take her dog to the meeting |
D.the doctor performed a difficult operation on the dog |
A.clever | B.friendly |
C.frightening | D.devoted |
5 . You may never be in an emergency situation(紧急情况). But if it happens, you should know how to get help. The telephone book in the United States has emergency numbers on the inside front cover.
Look at the following table from the Boston telephone book. Notice that the numbers for the police and the fire department(消防处) are the same. And it is an easy number to remember.
If you are too unhappy or excited to remember any numbers at all, you can simply dial(拨打) “0” for an operator(接线员) in any emergency situation.
1. What number do you dial if you see a fire in Boston?
A.911. | B.876-5800. | C.482-5252. | D.223-6978. |
A.911. | B.023-1500. | C.223-6978. | D.025-4774. |
A.911. | B.645-1212. | C.025-4774. | D.482-5252. |
A.the doctor | B.an ambulance | C.the police | D.the fire department |
A.The police. | B.The doctor. | C.The fire department. | D.The operator. |
6 . The accident at Lake Sherwood was in our backyard. An SUV(运动型多用途车)had gone off the road, down a hill, and collided with a tree. When we heard the wreck, I remembered to say “call199”. My family was the first on the scene. Nick, my son, was on the cell phone with 911. He saw a friend who was a victim in the crash who was a 15 years old girl who was badly disfigured and had died instantly. It was a terrible scene.
There had been six people in the truck, all between 15 and 17 years old. My husband and I checked all the victims, and I picked one who was conscious and stayed with him. I talked with him and had him lay on the ground. When I asked him if he was hurt, he said he was sore all over. When help arrived, they asked me to stay and continue working with them. I did as Debbie Romine, .my instructor, said in class, and did what they wanted. They even said thank you before they left.
The sheriff deputies came by Saturday night to get our statements and play the 911 tape back, so Nick could identify all the voices in the background. They said over and over that the way he handled the call was the best they had heard in a long time. He was calm and worked with them even when he saw his friend who had died. The Sheriff’s Department is sending some people over to help us work through our emotions.
The first aid and CPR course I took in January really helped me. I just didn’t expect to put it to good use so soon.
Pennyd. Miller
Kansas State Dept of Education, Topeka
1. According to the passage, in case of an emergency, people should dial__________.A.110 | B.120 | C.800 | D.911 |
A.A girl. | B.The writer. | C.Debbie Romine. | D.Nick. |
A.To arrest the offender. | B.To offer them help. |
C.To get their statements. | D.To help them. |
A.The writer is a doctor. |
B.All the people in the car were killed in the accident. |
C.Debbie Romine offered much help to the victims. |
D.The writer took a first aid and CPR course in January. |
A.the first aid and CPR course in January really helped the writer |
B.the writer’s family were affected emotionally by the accident |
C.the victims were all conscious after the accident |
D.the police arrived long after the accident |
7 . Thomas James Hanson will remember for a long time the snowstorm that hit the state of New York on November 22nd. The 47-year-old man from Niagara Falls was stuck in his car on the highway for almost eight days after his vehicle was accidentally pushed to the side of the road and covered with snow by workers employed to remove the snow from the streets.
Driving on the Interstate Highway190 during the worst of the snowstorm, Mr. Hanson decided to pull over his old 1993 Volkswagen Passat to the side of the road and wait for the weather conditions to improve. He remained motionless for approximately five hours before a snow plow arrived to clear the way. Unfortunately for the poor man, the driver of the gigantic snow removal vehicle did not see the small car, pushing it into the ditch and covering it with more than 2 meters of snow.
Fortunately for the father of two children, the snow that was stacked over his vehicle was not very dense and allowed for enough fresh air to get through to enable him to survive. He was able to drink water that he obtained by melting snow with his lighter in an aluminum coffee cup, and he ate the few items of groceries he had bought before going home.
“If I had known I would be stuck for eight days, I would have bought more than a jar of dill pickles(咸菜), a bottle of ketchup and two sticks of beef jerky(牛肉干),” said the survivor with a smile.
Thomas Hanson had almost lost all hope of being rescued when his car was hit once again this morning by another snow plow, which revealed the poor man’s location.
1. What caused Thomas James Hanson to fall into the ditch according to the passage?A.A snow removal vehicle. | B.The strong wind. |
C.The slippery road. | D.His drunk driving. |
A.Mr. Hanson had bought some food before the accident |
B.Mr. Hanson got rescued on November 22 eventually |
C.Mr. Hanson had enough bottled water to drink in the car |
D.Mr. Hanson was stuck in the car with his children. |
A.Quick-minded | B.Hard-working | C.Careless | D.Humorous |
A.Heavy Snowstorm Caused Disaster to New York. |
B.Man Found Alive after Being Stuck 8 Days under Snow. |
C.Thomas James Hanson–a Black Sheep in the Snow. |
D.Wonderful Eight Days of Experience in the Snow. |
8 . A couple from Miami , Bill and Simone Butler , spent sixty-six days in a life-raft (救生艇)in the seas of Central America after their boat sank.
Twenty-one days after they left Panama in their boat, Simony, they met some whales(鲸鱼). “They started to hit the side of the boat, ” said Bill, “and then suddenly we heard water. ”Two minutes later , the boat was sinking. They jumped into the life-raft and watched the boat go under the water.
For twenty days they had tins of food , biscuits , and bottles of water. They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water-two things which saved their lives. They caught eight to ten fish a day and ate them raw(生的). Then the line broke. “So we had no more fish until something very strange happened. Some sharks(鲨鱼) came to feed , and the fish under the raft were afraid and came to the surface. I caught them with my hands. ”
About twenty ships passed them, but no one saw them. After fifty days at sea, their life- raft was beginning to break up. Then suddenly it was all over. A fishing boat saw them and picked them up. They couldn't stand up. So the captain carried them onto his boat and took them to Costa Rica. Their two months at sea was over.
1. Bill and Simone were traveling________ when they met some whales.A.in a life-raft . | B.in Miami . | C.in Simony | D.in Panama |
A.the boat was sinking | B.they bit the boat |
C.they pulled the boat | D.they bit the couple |
A.jumped into the life-raft | B.heard water |
C.watched the boat go under water | D.stayed in the life-raft |
A.They were too excited to stand up. |
B.They knew their two months at sea would end. |
C.They couldn’t wait to climb onto the boat. |
D.Their life-raft was beginning to break up. |
9 . There was ice on the road, and the doctor’s car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt. He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house. He wanted to telephone the garage (汽车修理站) for help. The door was opened by one of his patients.
“Oh, Doctor.” she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident (事故) in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help.”
1. Where was the doctor going in his car?A.We don’t know. | B.To a patient’s home. |
C.To a garage. | D.To his own home. |
A.Careless driving. | B.A tree had fallen across the road. |
C.A slippery (滑) road. | D.There was a thick fog. |
A.he knew one of his patients lived there |
B.he had received a call to go there |
C.he wanted to use the telephone |
D.he was injured (受伤) and could walk no further |
A.She needed medical treatment. |
B.She believed somebody else needed a doctor. |
C.To ask how quickly the doctor could come. |
D.To ask whether the doctor was coming on his regular visit. |
A.She had been expecting the doctor, but was surprised that he had come so quickly. |
B.She had not expected the doctor and wondered why he had come. |
C.She felt glad that the doctor was not hurt in the accident. |
D.She was alarmed (惊慌) at seeing the doctor in a bad state after the accident. |
10 . “Calling tower,” the pilot’s voice crackled. “This is an emergency!” The radio operator in the control tower looked at his watch. It was 3:15 p.m. Lieutenant Charles Taylor and five Navy bombers (轰炸机) were in trouble. “We are off course. We cannot see land … repeat … we cannot see land.”
The control tower grew silent. The operator garbed (戴上) his microphone. “What is your position?” “We are not sure of our position,” Lieutenant Taylor replied. “We seem to be lost.” Taylor had over 2,500 hours of flight time. What was happening?
The tower called back: “Assume bearing (方位) due west.” “We don't know which way is west,” Taylor replied. “Everything is wrong…strange… We cannot be sure of any direction…Even the ocean looks odd…” The radio operator told Taylor to fly north “with the sun on the left” until he reached a Naval Air Station. Anyone could find the sun, especially a good pilot like Taylor. Soon the radio crackled again. “We have just passed over a small island,” said the pilot. “No other land in sight.” That was the last message Flight 19 sent to the radio tower. Five Navy bombers were lost. They had left the Naval Air Station for a routine training flight at 2:00 p.m., December 5, 1945. Each plane had enough fuel to fly more than a thousand miles. The weather was sunny and mild. Pilots from other flights had not seen anything strange there. So what happened? How could five Navy bombers and their crews just disappear?
The search for the five bombers covered 380,000 square miles of land and sea.
Hundreds of boats and planes searched large areas of the Atlantic, the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, the mainland of Florida, and many neighboring islands. Some of the boats were aircraft carriers, destroyers, and submarines. They searched the area for weeks. Nothing was ever found. No life rafts. No wreckage (残骸). Not even an oil slick (油层). Oil from the engines should float on the surface, even if everything else had sunk.
1. The pilot knew that they were in trouble when ______.A.The radio operator warned him. |
B.He couldn't be sure of his flying route. |
C.The engine failed to work. |
D.The emergency light was suddenly on. |
a. The control tower grew silent.
b. The bombers had a lot of fuel.
c. The weather was good.
d. No strange happening was reported by other flights.
A.(b) (c) (d) | B.(a) (b) (d) | C.(a) (c) (d) | D.(a) (b) (c) |
A.There was no life raft. |
B.There was no wreckage. |
C.There was no oil slick. |
D.There was no "SOS" call. |
A.they went for a very important mission. |
B.they went to some very important places. |
C.they went out of earth. |
D.they went somewhere no one knew. |