1 . Three days before the Christmas in 1968, Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders had adventured out to the moon, becoming the first human beings to reach and orbit our closest neighbor in the space. On the Christmas Eve, they pointed a TV camera out of the window of Apollo 8 and showed a global audience (观众) of 1 billion the ancient moon moving slowly below their spaceship. As that movie played, Anders began reading, “In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth...”

“I didn’t choose it,” he said last October, when all three astronauts met to mark the 50th anniversary (周年) of their moon flight, at Chicago’s Museum of Science and Industry, where their spaceship is displayed.

When the three men returned to earth on December 27, they were surrounded by a sea of joy. That kind of collective (集体的) joy—born of collective effort—can seem beyond us now. From the factory floor to the three men in the spaceship, an estimated (估计) 400,000 people had a hand in making the moon flight possible. Behind the joy there was also a dark danger Apollo 8 might face. If the astronauts made it into the moon orbit but their engine failed to fire when it was time to return, rescue would be impossible. They would circle the moon forever. But the astronauts did come home, and in the process they gave the world another gift: the celebrated photograph that came to be known as Earthrise.

Even fifty years later, Borman and Lovell continued to play jokes on Anders, 85 then.

“I’m still trying to figure out who did it,” said Borman, with a wink (眨眼睛).

“You did it, I think,” Lovell answered.

“Bill did it,” Borman admits.

He didn’t want me to take it at first,” Anders said.

“I have never said it before publicly,” said Borman, “but I’m just proud that I was able to fly with these two talented guys. You did a really good job.”

1. The men pointed a camera out of the window of Apollo 8 ________.

A．to show the moon to the world

B．to read some sentences to the audience

C．to do some research into the ancient moon

D．to record what they were doing in the spacecraft

2. What danger might the Apollo 8 astronauts face?

A．Their engine might explode in the orbit.

B．They wouldn’t land on the moon successfully.

C．They might have no chance to return to the earth.

D．Their spaceship might catch fire in the returning journey.

3. How old was Bill Anders when he reached the space?

A．27.	B．30.
C．35.	D．50.

4. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to?

A．The flight.	B．The earth.
C．The reading.	D．The picture.

2 . It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods, the need to buy things, is a relatively modern invention.     1     Trade or shopping is certainly an ancient desire, and existed before our ancestors invented writing, laws, cities or farming, even before they used metal to make tools.

Humans are born to trade.     2     Evidence from hunter-gatherers suggests that the exchange of food and other necessary things comes naturally, as well as the ability to keep a record of the credits involved. And once trade begins, the benefits are hard to resist.

Ancient local coastal people in northern Australia traded fish hooks, along a chain of trading partners, with people living 400 miles inland, who cut and polished local stone to make axes (斧子).     3     Finally, both groups of “producers”, by concentrating on things they could produce and exchanging them for other things they needed, benefited as a result.

Trade in the necessities of life, such as food and simple tools, is not really surprising, considering the link between these basic items and survival. What is surprising, though, is that our taste for unnecessary expensive objects also goes back a long way.

In South Africa, 100,000-year-old decorative dyes (染料) have been found in an area where none were produced.     4     Small round pieces of glass 76,000 years old were also found at the same place. The earliest jewellery known to us were not just random findings — they were grouped together in size and had holes like those used for threading onto a necklace.

Archaeologists argue that trade prepared the way for the complex societies in which we live today.     5     However, their modern equivalents — fast cars and expensive clothes — hold the same attraction for us as “trade goods” did for people 100,000 years ago.

A．And we don’t need shops or money to do it.

B．These are powerful evidence for cash purchase.

C．In fact, its roots go back to the beginning of humanity.

D．However, first trade began from the exchange of objects.

E．Modern-day shoppers may not be impressed by ancient glass pieces.

F．It is thought that these goods were bought at least 30   kilometres   away.

G．Every individual along the chain made a profit, even if he produced neither himself.