1 . A valuable sketch (素描) from World WarⅠhas turned up in a garage sale in Perth. It’s a sketch of soldiers playing soccer with a tin can during an unofficial truce (停战) between German and Allied soldiers on the Western Front in 1914. The artwork was drawn by an unnamed German soldier during the war on the Western Front.

The artwork was given to Private Jack Shelley, a British soldier, when he was defending the town of Frelinghien, France. The sketch is an important historical document, as it provides evidence that the tales of enemy soldiers socializing together are true. But for Private Shelley’s descendants(后代) it has even greater value, since it was his prized possession. Jessie Shelley, Jack’s great-granddaughter, has fond memories of the old man sharing stories about his experiences in the war when he came to live permanently in Australia in 1930. the family lost track of the artwork after Jack’s possessions were moved during the sale of his house when he died in 1984.

‘Great-grandpa had a tobacco tin with a dozen or so buttons from the uniforms of men from both sides. He told us all the details of every one of those buttons. To Great-grandpa they represented real people he had known, some of whom hadn’t come home from the war. He had at least two buttons from German uniforms that he told us were exchanged between the men involved in the Christmas Day Truce.’

On Christmas Day of 1914, the soldiers came out of their trenches(战壕) into no-man’s-land and shared food, drinks and cigarettes. Some even exchanged small gifts. The men even played football games together. Later, this spirit of cooperation continued in unofficial agreements between the sides to stop shooting at mealtimes and even at times when soldiers were working in the open.

This fascinating image of peace and humanity during the war has continued through the years. The sketch is a symbol of the potential for humanity, hope and kindness to exist in even the most violent circumstances.

1. In what situation was the sketch done?

A．It was done in a garage

B．It was done on the front line.

C．It was done during a formal soccer match.

D．It was done by a soldier fighting in Germany.

2. Why is this sketch an important historical document?

A．It explains the specific reason for the war.

B．It shows the war on the Western Front came to an end.

C．It proves enemy soldiers could live in peace sometimes.

D．It is evidence that soldiers could adapt quickly to society.

3. What did Private Shelly say about the buttons in the tobacco tin?

A．They were from German uniforms.

B．Some of them represented his honor.

C．Some of their owners didn’t survive the war.

D．They were collected during Christmas Day in 1914.

4. What impact did the Christmas Day Truce have?

A．It brought about more truces.

B．It started wide information exchanges.

C．It led to no agreement between the sides.

D．It resulted in more celebrations between the sides.

2 . It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods, the need to buy things, is a relatively modern invention.     1     Trade or shopping is certainly an ancient desire, and existed before our ancestors invented writing, laws, cities or farming, even before they used metal to make tools.

Humans are born to trade.     2     Evidence from hunter-gatherers suggests that the exchange of food and other necessary things comes naturally, as well as the ability to keep a record of the credits involved. And once trade begins, the benefits are hard to resist.

Ancient local coastal people in northern Australia traded fish hooks, along a chain of trading partners, with people living 400 miles inland, who cut and polished local stone to make axes (斧子).     3     Finally, both groups of “producers”, by concentrating on things they could produce and exchanging them for other things they needed, benefited as a result.

Trade in the necessities of life, such as food and simple tools, is not really surprising, considering the link between these basic items and survival. What is surprising, though, is that our taste for unnecessary expensive objects also goes back a long way.

In South Africa, 100,000-year-old decorative dyes (染料) have been found in an area where none were produced.     4     Small round pieces of glass 76,000 years old were also found at the same place. The earliest jewellery known to us were not just random findings — they were grouped together in size and had holes like those used for threading onto a necklace.

Archaeologists argue that trade prepared the way for the complex societies in which we live today.     5     However, their modern equivalents — fast cars and expensive clothes — hold the same attraction for us as “trade goods” did for people 100,000 years ago.

A．And we don’t need shops or money to do it.

B．These are powerful evidence for cash purchase.

C．In fact, its roots go back to the beginning of humanity.

D．However, first trade began from the exchange of objects.

E．Modern-day shoppers may not be impressed by ancient glass pieces.

F．It is thought that these goods were bought at least 30   kilometres   away.

G．Every individual along the chain made a profit, even if he produced neither himself.

3 . On December 22, 1775, two of Washington’s soldiers brought a prisoner to his headquarters (司令部). Washington thanked the soliders, then gave an order that the prisoner was to be left alone and that the soldiers were to shoot if the man tried to escape. But when the door was closed, Washington smiled.

The man standing in front of him was John Honeyman, one of the general’s most trusted men. In early November, Washington had given Honeyman orders to travel with the British army as a servant and to stay with it until he had something to tell. Honeyman now had important information. He described the situation in Trenton, giving the exact number and position of the troops there.Trenton was held by several companies (连队) of Hessians (雇佣军). The Hessians were not English soldiers.They were Germans who had been hired by the British to fight in America. According to Honeyman, the Hessians fought only for money. They had done nothing to build up their defences in Trenton. Now they were busy planning a big Christmas celebration.

Washington immediately made a daring plan. He chose Christmas Day for an attack on Trenton. At ten o'clock next morning, the attack was over. The Americans won a great victory.

1. Why did Washington smile when the door was closed?

A．Because he was glad to catch the prisoner.

B．Because the man was one of his most trusted men.

C．Because he had caught the most dangerous spy.

D．Because he knew the man very well.

2. For what did Washington send Honeyman to stay with the British army?

A．Honeyman could make peace with the Brilhish soldiers.

B．He could let Honeyman have a pleasant trip.

C．He could catch more prisoners from the British army.

D．Honeyman could get important information for American.

3. Which countries did the war break out between?

A．America and Britain.

B．America and Germany.

C．Britain and Gennany.

D．Arnerica, Britain and Germany.

4. What’s the reason that Washington chose Christmas Day for an attack on Trenton?

A．It could be that it was a lucky day.

B．It might be that it was the best Christmas gift for Britain.

C．It must be that after the day the enemy was to escape.

D．It could be that the enemy would enjoy their holiday but not prepare to fight.

4 . Throughout July 1945, the Japanese mainland, from Tokyo on Honshu northward to the coast of Hokkaido, were bombed as if an invasion were about to take place. In fact, something far more threatening was at hand, as the Americans were telling Stalin at Potsdam (伯茨坦).

In 1939 physicists in the United States had learned of experiments in Germany showing the possibility of atomic power and understood the coming damage of an atomic bomb. On August 2, 1939, Albert Einstein warned President Roosevelt of the danger of Nazi Germany’s advances in development of the atomic bomb. Eventually, the U.S. Office of Scientific Research Development was created in June 1941 and given combined responsibility with the War Department in the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear bomb. After four years of research and development efforts, an atomic device was set off on July 16, 1945, in a desert area at Alamogordo, New Mexico, producing an explosive power equal to that of more than 15,000 tons of TNT. Thus, the atomic bomb was born. Truman, the new U.S. president, believed that this terrible object might be used to defeat Japan in a way less costly of U.S. lives than an ordinary invasion of the Japanese homeland. Japan’s unsatisfactory reply to the Allies’ Potsdam Declaration decided the matter.

On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb, carried from Tinian Island in the Mariana in a specially equipped B-29 was dropped on Hiroshima, at the southern end of Honshu. The combined heat and explosion destroyed everything in the explosion’s immediate neighbourhood , produced fires that burned out almost 4.4 square miles completely, and killed between 70,000 and 80,000 people, in addition to injuring more than 70,000 others. A second bomb dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, killed between 35,000 and 40,000 people, injured a like number and ruined 1.8 square miles.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．An atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

B．After research and development efforts, an atomic bomb was born.

C．An invasion was about to take place with the use of the atomic bomb.

D．The birth and use of the atomic bomb ended the Second World War.

2. Albert Einstein warned Roosevelt of _________.

A．Nazi Germany’ success in making an atomic bomb

B．the possibility of atomic power from Nazi Germany

C．Japan’s unsatisfactory reply to the Allies’ Potsdam Declaration

D．destruction of everything from the explosion of the atomic bomb

3. What made the U.S. decide to drop the atomic bombs over Japan?

A．Truman’s becoming the president of the United States.

B．The great destruction power of the atomic bomb.

C．Reducing the cost of its lives.

D．Not being content with Japan’s reply.

4. How many people were killed by the two bombs dropped in Japan?

A．Between 105,000 and 120,000 people.

B．Between 35,000 and 40,000 people.

C．Between 70,000 and 80,000 people.

D．Between 140,000 and 150,000 people.