1 . California will be the first state to ban the sale and manufacture of new fur products.    1    It will go into effect on January 1, 2023.

California’s fur law was one of several bills designed to prevent cruelty to animals. “California is a leader when it comes to animal protection and today that leadership includes banning the sale of fur, ” said Governor Newsom in a news report. “    2    We are making a statement to the world that beautiful wild animals like bears and tigers have no place on trapeze (高空秋千) wires or jumping through flames.”    3    More than a dozen European countries, including the United Kingdom, Austria, Norway and the Netherlands have also passed laws to limit the fur trade.

    4    “The signing of the ban shows the point that today’s customers simply don’t want wild animals to suffer extreme pain and fear while keeping up with the fashion,” said Kitty Block, president and CEO of The Humane Society of the United States and president of Humane Society International. Not everyone, however, was pleased with the ban. Banning the killing of animals for their fur means killing the fur business, says Hyatt, an owner of a fur store.    5    

Many retailers are also ending fur sales. In mid-October, Macy’s (American’s department store) announced it will stop fur from all its stores by the end of 2020. The stores will also close all fur vaults and salons. Other fashion brands such as Prada, Gucci, Michael Kors and Burberry have taken similar steps in recent years.

A．But we are doing more than that.

B．California is taking the lead in protecting animals.

C．Similar laws have been carried out globally already.

D．And that in turn will leave many people unemployed.

E．Two other California cities had already banned fur sales.

F．Not surprisingly, the ban is welcomed by animal rights activists.

G．The ban applies to clothing, shoes, handbags and other things that contain fur.

2 . Almost every community has some form of rules and some way of enforcing them. So why do we have rules, and what makes people follow them?

Studies have suggested that the reason we don’t like rule-breaking is because fairness is programmed into our brains. Scientists have found that the brain reacts in a particular way when we feel we are being treated unfairly. A fair situation makes us feel comfortable and even happy, but unfairness causes our brains to respond with negative feelings. The study found that this so happened when subjects saw others being treated unfairly. They concluded that fairness is one of basic human needs.

Arriving at a feeling of fairness means considering different, often conflicting, points of view. Regardless of the disagreement, people almost always need to compromise. But it can be difficult to arrive at a compromise when there are conflicting interests. This is why communities have rules that everyone must follow.

Social controls are an important factor in setting and following rules. They influence the way we behave, and can be internal (内在的) or external. Internal controls come from within and are based on our values and fears. Most of us don’t steal, for example, because we believe that theft is unfair and wrong. We don’t want to disappoint our family and friends, either. In other words, our internal controls keep us from behaving in ways that cause conflict.

External controls include rewards and punishments. Rewards, such as job promotions and praise, are designed to encourage people to behave and act in the interest of the whole community.

Punishments, such as public embarrassment, fines, and even imprisonment can prevent people from acting against the community’s best interests.

People need their communities to function smoothly. If there were no rules, most people would probably still behave positively. However, there would always be a minority who would not. This is why a society without rules is unlikely to exist.

1. What does the underlined word ‘‘this’’ in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．A program in human brains.	B．A comfortable situation.
C．The response with bad feelings.	D．The requirement off fairness.

2. Why do communities have rules?

A．To punish illegal activities.	B．To prevent disagreement.
C．To promote fairness.	D．To meet various demands.

3. Which of the following is an example of internal control?

A．Take exams honestly because cheating is shameful

B．Park in the right place so as not to get a parking ticket.

C．Pay the electricity bill on time in order not to get a late fee.

D．Cooperate with your classmates to win a prize for your class.

4. What is the best title for this passage?

A．Living by the rules	B．Following rules with punishments
C．Reaching a compromise	D．Calling for fairness

3 . Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected. When alcohol is consumed，it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant（抑制药），damaging eyesight，judgement and coordination（协调），slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents. Even below the drink driving limit，driving will be affected.

Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.

The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration(浓度) is：

•50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 mL of blood；or

•22 micrograms of alcohol per 100 mL of breath；or

•67 milligrams of alcohol per 100 mL of urine（尿液）.

Drivers who cause traffic accidents，or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected(怀疑) of drink driving will be tested.

Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving offence points；or temporarily banned from driving.

The same punishment applies to （适用于）failing to provide specimens（样本）for breath，blood or urine tests without good excuse.

Drink driving is a criminal offence. Be a responsible driver，think before you drink. For the safety of yourself and other road users，never drive after consuming alcohol.

1. The first paragraph is mainly about ______.

A．the process of alcohol being absorbed

B．the damage of drinking to your body

C．the effect of drinking on driving

D．the introduction of driving skills

2. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “______”.

A．alcohol	B．process
C．blood	D．absorption

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving.

B．50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 mL of breath is below the drink driving limit.

C．Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.

D．Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.

4. A driver suspected of drink driving ______.

A．will be punished for 10 driving offence points

B．will be forbidden to drive for 3 years

C．should provide specimens for testing

D．should pay a maximum fine of HK$25,000